As of January 2025, South Korea had ** Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) in effect with 59 countries. More are in the stage of negotiation and talks on conditions.

In force as of January 1, 2022, the regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP) was predicted to have an overall financial effect amounting to close to ** billion U.S. dollars across its fifteen member countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Japan was forecast to be the biggest beneficiary, with economic effects of over ** billion U.S. dollars. The country would experience the biggest growth in exports among RCEP members.

With its fifteen member countries, the RCEP constitutes the largest trading bloc worldwide, covering approximately **** percent of the world's gross domestic product.

As of the fourth quarter of 2024, among South Korea's Free Trade Agreement partners, the most utilized agreement for export trades was with Canada, at close to ** percent. Following was the United States, with around ** percent.

China and Australia signed the Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA) in 2015, which aims to eliminate or reduce trade barriers between countries through tariffs or quotas. Eliminating trade barriers has expanded China’s agricultural imports from Australia. ChAFTA will strengthen the trade relationship between the two countries, enabling agricultural product imports to have a trade creation effect. This article systematically evaluates the trade effects of ChAFTA on the scale of China’s agricultural product imports based on data from 2000 to 2020. Two statistical methods, Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) are applied to estimate the trade effects of agreements. Empirical studies have shown that ChAFTA has a significant trade creation effect on China’s agricultural product imports, while the trade diversion effect is insignificant. When time fixed effects and export country fixed effects are controlled, the PPML method exhibits stronger explanatory power compared to OLS and the estimated trade creation effect is more significant. The empirical research results remain robust even after considering the impact of WTO. There are no endogeneity issues in the results after adding lead variables. By incorporating lagged terms, we find there is no phase-in effect. Empirical research on heterogeneity analysis of agricultural product classification found that ChAFTA had the most significant impact on the import of forest products and aquatic products, followed by textiles and agricultural products.

The Journal paper uses the Gravity Model of International Trade to investigate the impact of the Southern African Development Comuunity (SADC) Free Trade Area (FTA) on trade between South Africa and Zimbabwe. The study found out that South Africa gained more in trade by 88.4% if the country used the SADC FTA than the 1964 Bilateral Trade Agreement which was between South Africa and Zimbabwe. In addition, there was trade diversion of 176% for Zimbabwe when trading in SADC FTA. Furthermore the paper showed that South Africa will in future trade more with countries such as the Seychelles and Angola whilst Zimbabwe will gain more in trade if it trades with South Africa. The paper recommends that there is need for Zimbabwe and South Africa to expand trade with SADC Countries in order to promote intra-regional trade.

European Export of Poultry Fats Share by Country (Kilograms), 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

Global Animal Fats Fat Supply Quantity Per Capita by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify factors influencing the development of China-ASEAN trade- from the total economic volume of both sides, distance, the population size of ASEAN countries, the construction of a free trade area, and the signing of the Belt and Road initiative, resource endowment per capita, the exchange rate between RMB and ASEAN countries, and the land area of ASEAN countries—to develop a conceptual framework for China-ASEAN trade potential.Study designThis study uses panel data from 2001 to 2021 that is evenly distributed among 10 ASEAN countries to serve as the dataset. Firstly, the unit roots are checked and the cointegration relationships are examined, focusing on the heterogeneity test. Based on the classical trade gravity model, the innovative trade gravity model with key influencing factors is constructed. On the basis of the classical trade gravity model, an innovative trade gravity model of key influencing factors is constructed. The trade potential model is used to calculate the direct trade potential coefficient between China and ASEAN countries, which points out the direction for the sustainability of bilateral trade.ResultsThis study finds that among the factors affecting China-ASEAN bilateral trade, the total economic output of both sides, distance, population size of ASEAN countries, the construction of the FTA, and the signing of the Belt and Road Initiative all have a positive impact on bilateral trade. Three influencing factors, namely per capita resource endowment, exchange rate between RMB and ASEAN countries, and the size of ASEAN countries, have a negative impact on bilateral trade, but to a lesser extent. The trade potential between China and Vietnam falls into the category of potential re-modelling, indicating that both sides are currently utilizing their trade potential to the greatest extent possible, that trade growth space is limited, and that new trade opportunities must be discovered. The trade potential index between China and nine ASEAN countries, excluding Vietnam, is in the potential-exploiting category, indicating that the potential has not been fully utilized by both sides and that there is still room for growth in the scale of trade between the two countries.ConclusionWith the shift of the world’s economic center of gravity in the direction of Asia following COVID-19, China and ASEAN countries should seize the opportunity to strengthen their comprehensive strength and economic aggregates and further develop China’s constructive role in the regional organization. The signing of the Belt and Road Initiative and the construction of a free trade zone has had a positive effect on the development of bilateral trade. Propose that: positive trade factors should continue to be strengthened, trade barriers should be removed, and new dynamics of bilateral trade growth should be enhanced.

In the backdrop of criticism that the China-Pakistan Free Trade Agreement has disproportionately favored China, particularly in agricultural trade, there has been a surge in Pakistan’s imports, leading to a trade deficit. This study attempts to evaluate the impact of CPFTA 1&2 on the vegetable exports of Pakistan which is an important sector of the agricultural industry. A panel data set of Pakistan’s vegetable exports to its trading partners from 2003 to 2021 was analyzed with the extensively used gravity model of trade. The vegetable export data was sourced from the International Trade Centre (ITC) which is based on the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. The results suggest that the China-Pakistan Free Trade Agreement (CPFTA-I) has a positive association with Pakistan’s vegetable exports to China. However, trade liberalization with Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia plays a more substantial role in driving Pakistan’s vegetable exports. CPFTA-II has not had a measurable or statistically significant impact on the vegetable exports of Pakistan as this period was highly influenced by COVID-19. The results of colonialism variables show that Pakistan is exporting more to countries with the same colonial history. Moreover, the results of the geographical variable suggest that Pakistan should explore more close markets to expand vegetable exports. Policy implications suggest the need to reduce trade costs, leverage CPEC infrastructure, enrich trade relations with neighboring countries, and involve business professionals in policy negotiations.

China’s import and export commodity categories and share to major ASEAN member countries in 2021.

As of the second quarter of 2024, among South Korea's Free Trade Agreement partners, the most utilized agreement for import trades was with Chile, at over ** percent. This was followed by Peru with a FTA import utilization rate of **** percent.

European Import of Poultry Fats by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

In the last decades, economic globalisation and the progress of ICT have promoted the international division of labour and optimisation of the global value chain. Moreover, improvements in incentives such as lower tariffs and more efficient border crossings have boosted international trade. Under this background, regional and sub-regional economic cooperation organizations, such as free trade area (FTA), have been developing rapidly and attracting many academic attentions. As the fastest growing FTA in the world, CAFTA is now the largest FTA in developing countries. This study focuses on the value-added network of various industries in the trade process inside CAFTA, and tries to explore the impact of trade facilitation on the DVA trade network of CAFTA. The results show that in the trade network of CAFTA, the proportion of added value of domestic trade in total exports keeps increasing, and the returned added value (RDV) increases significantly. Singapore, Vietnam, and Thailand hold relatively high positions in the production network, while China has a relatively low position. On the other hand, China and Thailand become the main beneficiaries after the establishment of CAFTA, while Singapore and Malaysia play a lesser role in trading networks. The results also show that trade facilitation has a significant positive effect on the DVA-INTrex and RDV trade networks, indicating that trade facilitation can significantly increase the domestic indirect value added and returned value added in the trade process. Moreover, the business environment (bus) is the most important factor, with efficiency and transparency of border administration (cus), availability, and use of ICTs (ict) contributing to the improvement.

The Oils and fats sector in China is led by the oils category in both value and volume terms. Oils category is also forecast to register higher value growth than the solid fats category during 2017-2022. Convenience stores is the leading channel for the distribution of oils and fats products in the country. Rigid plastics is the most commonly used pack material. ‘Wilmar International Ltd’, ‘Shandong Luhua Group Co.,Ltd’, and ‘China Corn Oil Co Ltd’ are the leading market players in the Chinese oils and fats sector. Read More

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify factors influencing the development of China-ASEAN trade- from the total economic volume of both sides, distance, the population size of ASEAN countries, the construction of a free trade area, and the signing of the Belt and Road initiative, resource endowment per capita, the exchange rate between RMB and ASEAN countries, and the land area of ASEAN countries—to develop a conceptual framework for China-ASEAN trade potential.Study designThis study uses panel data from 2001 to 2021 that is evenly distributed among 10 ASEAN countries to serve as the dataset. Firstly, the unit roots are checked and the cointegration relationships are examined, focusing on the heterogeneity test. Based on the classical trade gravity model, the innovative trade gravity model with key influencing factors is constructed. On the basis of the classical trade gravity model, an innovative trade gravity model of key influencing factors is constructed. The trade potential model is used to calculate the direct trade potential coefficient between China and ASEAN countries, which points out the direction for the sustainability of bilateral trade.ResultsThis study finds that among the factors affecting China-ASEAN bilateral trade, the total economic output of both sides, distance, population size of ASEAN countries, the construction of the FTA, and the signing of the Belt and Road Initiative all have a positive impact on bilateral trade. Three influencing factors, namely per capita resource endowment, exchange rate between RMB and ASEAN countries, and the size of ASEAN countries, have a negative impact on bilateral trade, but to a lesser extent. The trade potential between China and Vietnam falls into the category of potential re-modelling, indicating that both sides are currently utilizing their trade potential to the greatest extent possible, that trade growth space is limited, and that new trade opportunities must be discovered. The trade potential index between China and nine ASEAN countries, excluding Vietnam, is in the potential-exploiting category, indicating that the potential has not been fully utilized by both sides and that there is still room for growth in the scale of trade between the two countries.ConclusionWith the shift of the world’s economic center of gravity in the direction of Asia following COVID-19, China and ASEAN countries should seize the opportunity to strengthen their comprehensive strength and economic aggregates and further develop China’s constructive role in the regional organization. The signing of the Belt and Road Initiative and the construction of a free trade zone has had a positive effect on the development of bilateral trade. Propose that: positive trade factors should continue to be strengthened, trade barriers should be removed, and new dynamics of bilateral trade growth should be enhanced.

Statistics illustrates most promising supplying countries of butter and other fats and oils derived from milk in Poland from 2007 to 2024.

ISO Ocean Containers Market Outlook

The global ISO ocean containers market size was valued at approximately USD 8.2 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 11.6 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.9%. This growth is driven by the increasing demand for efficient and reliable means of transporting goods across international waters. The expansion of global trade and the continuous rise in e-commerce activities are major factors contributing to this growth.

The growth of the ISO ocean containers market is propelled by several factors. Firstly, the surge in international trade activities has necessitated the adoption of standard containers that ensure the safe and efficient transport of goods. The standardization provided by ISO containers facilitates seamless logistical operations, reducing the time and cost associated with shipping. Additionally, the rise in e-commerce has led to an increased demand for containerized cargo, as businesses strive to meet the growing expectations of prompt and reliable delivery services globally. This trend is further supported by technological advancements in container tracking and monitoring, enhancing the overall efficiency and security of ocean freight operations.

Secondly, the increasing emphasis on sustainability and environmental regulations is pushing the adoption of ISO containers. The ISO standards promote the use of containers that are durable, reusable, and easily maintainable, minimizing the environmental impact of shipping operations. This aligns with the global shift towards greener logistics solutions, as companies and governments aim to reduce carbon emissions and enhance the sustainability of supply chains. The adoption of eco-friendly practices is further incentivized by stringent government regulations and the increasing awareness among consumers regarding the environmental impact of their purchases.

Moreover, the proliferation of free trade agreements (FTAs) and trade partnerships among various countries is expected to boost the ISO ocean containers market. FTAs facilitate easier and more cost-effective trade between member countries by reducing tariffs, quotas, and customs procedures. This creates a favorable environment for the shipping industry, driving the demand for standardized containers to streamline cross-border logistics. The expected rise in global GDP, coupled with the ongoing globalization of supply chains, further underscores the need for robust and standardized container solutions to handle the increasing volume of traded goods.

Regionally, the demand dynamics vary significantly. Asia Pacific leads the market due to its status as a major manufacturing hub and the rapid growth of its consumer markets. North America and Europe also hold substantial shares, driven by strong trade activities and advanced logistics infrastructure. The Middle East & Africa, although currently a smaller market, is poised for growth due to increasing trade investments and infrastructure development initiatives. Latin America is also expected to witness moderate growth, propelled by economic reforms and expansion in trade activities.

Open Top Containers play a crucial role in the transportation of oversized and heavy cargo that cannot be accommodated by standard containers. These containers are particularly beneficial for industries such as construction and heavy machinery, where the need to transport large equipment and materials is frequent. The design of open top containers, with their removable tops, allows for easy loading and unloading, making them an ideal choice for transporting goods that require special handling. As infrastructure development projects continue to expand globally, the demand for open top containers is expected to rise, providing a reliable solution for the transportation of bulky items.

Container Type Analysis

The ISO ocean containers market is segmented by container type into Dry Containers, Reefer Containers, Tank Containers, Open-top Containers, and Others. Dry containers dominate the market due to their versatility and widespread use across various industries. Dry containers are primarily used for transporting non-perishable goods and are the most commonly utilized type of container in global shipping. Their robust construction and ability to be easily stacked make them an indispensable asset in international trade. The demand for dry containers is expected to remain strong, driven by continuous trade activities and the expansion of e-co

European Sold Production of Poultry Fats by Country, 2023 Discover more data with ReportLinker!

The oils and fats sector in the UAE is led by the oils category in both value and volume terms. The category is also expected to register higher value and volume growth rates than the solid fats category during 2017-2022. Hypermarkets & supermarkets is the leading channel for distribution of oils and fats in the country. Rigid plastics is the most commonly used pack material in the sector, followed by glass. Savola Group, IFFCO, and Ach Food Companies, Inc. are the leading companies in the UAE oils and fats sector. Read More

Statistics illustrates most promising supplying countries of butter and other fats and oils derived from milk in China from 2007 to 2024.