A PDF map that shows the counties and unitary authorities in the United Kingdom as at 1 April 2023. (File Size - 583 KB)

This file contains the digital vector boundaries for the historical admin counties without associated county boroughs in England and Wales as at Census Day 1921.

The boundaries available are: (BGC) Generalised resolution - clipped to the coastline (Mean High Water mark).

Contains both Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights.

In 2024, over nine million people lived in Greater London, making it the most populated ceremonial county in England. The West Midlands Metropolitan County, which contains the large city of Birmingham, was the second-largest county at just over 3.03 million, closely followed by Greater Manchester at three million, and then West Yorkshire with a population of 2.4 million. Kent, Essex, and Hampshire were the three next-largest counties in terms of population, each with just over 1.9 million people. A patchwork of regions England is just one of the four countries that compose the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, with England, Scotland and Wales making up Great Britain. England is therefore not to be confused with Great Britain or the United Kingdom as a whole. Within England, the next subdivisions are the nine regions of England, containing various smaller units such as unitary authorities, metropolitan counties and non-metropolitan districts. The counties in this statistic, however, are based on the ceremonial counties of England as defined by the Lieutenancies Act of 1997. Regions of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland Like England, the other countries of the United Kingdom have their own regional subdivisions, although with some different terminology. Scotland’s subdivisions are council areas, while Wales has unitary authorities, and Northern Ireland has local government districts. As of 2024, the most-populated Scottish council area was Glasgow City, with over 650,000 inhabitants. In Wales, Cardiff had the largest population among its unitary authorities, and in Northern Ireland, Belfast was the local government area with the most people living there.

This file contains the digital vector boundaries for the historical County Boroughs in England and Wales as at Census Day 1921.Version 2 note: Includes York, City and County Of CB (H06201859).The boundaries available are: (BGC) Generalised resolution - clipped to the coastline (Mean High Water mark).Contains both Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights. REST URL of WFS Server – https://dservices1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/services/County_Boroughs_December_1921_Boundaries_EW_BGC_V2/WFSServer?service=wfs&request=getcapabilities REST URL of MapServer – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/County_Boroughs_(December_1921)_Boundaries_EW_BGC_V2/MapServer REST URL of Feature Access Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/CB_JUN_1921_EW_BGC_V2/FeatureServer

A PDF map that shows the local authority districts, counties and unitary authorities in the United Kingdom as at April 2023. The map has been created to show the United Kingdom from country level down to local authority district level. (File Size - 1,909 KB)

This file contains the digital vector boundaries for the historical countries in England and Wales as at Census Day 1921.The boundaries available are: (BGC) Generalised resolution - clipped to the coastline (Mean High Water mark).Contains both Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights.

REST URL of WFS Server – https://dservices1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/services/CTRY_DEC_1921_EW_BFC_Eng_Excl_Monmouthshire_V2/WFSServer?service=wfs&request=getcapabilities

REST URL of Map Server – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/CTRY_DEC_1921_EW_BFC_Eng_Excl_Monmouthshire_V2/MapServer

REST URL of Feature Access Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/CTRY_DEC_1921_EW_BFC_Eng_Excl_Monmouthshire_V2/FeatureServerNote re Monmouthshire:According to the list of counties included within the regions of England of Wales listed in Table VII of the General Report, Monmouthshire is classed as a Welsh county. To that end, the data provided for regions includes Monmouthshire within the “Welsh counties”.However, for the purposes of the 1921 Census outputs, Monmouthshire was generally included within England. In some of the printed tables, figures were given for both “England including Monmouthshire” and “England excluding Monmouthshire”, likewise for Wales. These additional breakdowns are not being included within the digitised data at this time and for the purposes of dissemination on Nomis, Monmouthshire has been included within England only to align with the majority of printed tables. As such, any user aggregated data from regions to country will not match figures given for England and for Wales on Nomis.

In the middle of 2001 Roger Kain and Richard Oliver, from the University of Exeter, published a substantial work entitled Historic Parishes of England and Wales: Electronic Map - Gazetteer- Metadata. This was the final product of a project aimed at locating and mapping the boundaries of parish and sub-parish units of the mid-nineteenth century. The authors published the results in a series of electronic maps supplied on CD-ROM. Each one of these 115 maps contain a scanned 1”:1 mile OS New Popular Series map, overlain by the boundaries. A reference number can be found in each of the polygons that can then be used to look up information about that parish in gazetteer in an accompanying book.

A major limitation of this work is that although the boundaries are in digital form, they are divided into 115 tiles, none of which have any spatial co-ordinate information inherent in them. This means that although the maps are invaluable as a reference tool, they can not be used together within a GIS to select, analyse and present historic information.

We have therefore created a single digital map of the boundaries to provide a single, continuous coverage of polygons, each of which contain the information provided by Kain and Oliver in their accompanying book. This information includes the parish name, Ancient County, and a reference number that coincides with entries for that parish in the 1851 census report.

It is recommended that users also order disc 1 of study 4348; Historic Parishes of England and Wales : an Electronic Map of Boundaries before 1850 with a Gazetteer and Metadata

Please note: this study does not include information on named individuals and would therefore not be useful for personal family history research.

For much of the Geological Survey's existence, the County Series of maps were the standard large-scale maps on which geological mapping was undertaken. These maps are based on the Ordnance Survey County (or six-inch to the mile) series of maps. These maps were cut up to be used in the field to record geological observations, and on return to the office, the geology was transferred to a complete County Series map, which after approval was known as a 'standard' (England / Wales) or 'clean copy' (Scotland). This dataset contains the 'standard' or 'clean copy' County Series maps held by BGS. Geological maps represent a geologist's compiled interpretation of the geology of an area. A geologist will consider the data available at the time, including measurements and observations collected during field campaigns, as well as their knowledge of geological processes and the geological context to create a model of the geology of an area. This model is then fitted to a topographic basemap and drawn up at the appropriate scale, with generalization if necessary, to create a geological map, which is a representation of the geological model. Explanatory notes and vertical and horizontal cross sections may be published with the map. Geological maps may be created to show various aspects of the geology, or themes. The most common map themes held by BGS are solid (later referred to as bedrock) and drift (later referred to as superficial). These maps are hard-copy paper records stored in the National Geoscience Data Centre (NGDC) and are delivered as digital scans through the BGS website.

🇬🇧 영국 English This file contains the digital vector boundaries for the historical admin counties without associated county boroughs in England and Wales as at Census Day 1921.The boundaries available are: (BGC) Generalised resolution - clipped to the coastline (Mean High Water mark).Contains both Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights. REST URL of WFS Server – https://dservices1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/services/ADCTY_JUN_1921_EW_BGC/WFSServer?service=wfs&request=getcapabilities REST URL of Map Server – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/ADCTY_JUN_1921_EW_BGC/MapServer REST URL of Feature Access Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/ADCTY_JUN_1921_EW_BGC/FeatureServer

These geolocated datasets derive from annotations of Christopher Saxton's County Maps of England & Wales, annotations of published volumes of John Leland's Itineraries in Wales, and annotations of Wenceslaus Hollar's vignettes intended for publication in Britannia. Please see the GitHub repository for details of the sources used and visualisation of their geographic scope.

REST URL of WFS Server – https://dservices1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/services/RGN_DEC_1921_EN_BFC_Excl_Monmouthshire/WFSServer?service=wfs&request=getcapabilities REST URL of Map Server – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/RGN_DEC_1921_EN_BFC_Excl_Monmouthshire/MapServer REST URL of Feature Access Service – https://services1.arcgis.com/ESMARspQHYMw9BZ9/arcgis/rest/services/RGN_DEC_1921_EN_BFC_Excl_Monmouthshire/FeatureServer Note re Monmouthshire:According to the list of counties included within the regions of England of Wales listed in Table VII of the General Report, Monmouthshire is classed as a Welsh county. To that end, the data provided for regions includes Monmouthshire within the “Welsh counties”.However, for the purposes of the 1921 Census outputs, Monmouthshire was generally included within England. In some of the printed tables, figures were given for both “England including Monmouthshire” and “England excluding Monmouthshire”, likewise for Wales. These additional breakdowns are not being included within the digitised data at this time and for the purposes of dissemination on Nomis, Monmouthshire has been included within England only to align with the majority of printed tables. As such, any user aggregated data from regions to country will not match figures given for England and for Wales on Nomis.

Local Authority is a generic term used to cover London Boroughs, Metropolitan Districts, Non-Metropolitan Districts, and Unitary Authorities in England; Unitary Authorities in Wales; Council Areas in Scotland; and Local Government Districts in Northern Ireland.

The Local Authorities area list contains 404 areas of the following constituent geographies:

• 36 Metropolitan Districts in England
• 201 Non-Metropolitan Districts in England
• 31 London Boroughs in England
• 54 Unitary Authorities in England
• 26 Local Government Districts in Northern Ireland
• 32 Council Areas in Scotland
• 22 Unitary Authorities in Wales
• 2 Census Merged Districts in England

Please visit ONS Beginner's Guide to UK Geography for more info.

The boundaries are available as either extent of the realm (usually this is the Mean Low Water mark but in some cases boundaries extend beyond this to include off shore islands) or

clipped to the coastline (Mean High Water mark).

The population of the United Kingdom in 2024 was estimated to be approximately 69.3 million, with over 9.6 million people living in South East England. London had the next highest population, at almost 9.1 million people, followed by the North West England at 7.7 million. With the UK's population generally concentrated in England, most English regions have larger populations than the constituent countries of Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, which had populations of 5.5 million, 3.2 million, and 1.9 million respectively. English counties and cities The United Kingdom is a patchwork of various regional units, within England the largest of these are the regions shown here, which show how London, along with the rest of South East England had around 18 million people living there in this year. The next significant regional units in England are the 47 metropolitan and ceremonial counties. After London, the metropolitan counties of the West Midlands, Greater Manchester, and West Yorkshire were the biggest of these counties, due to covering the large urban areas of Birmingham, Manchester, and Leeds respectively. Regional divisions in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland The smaller countries that comprise the United Kingdom each have different local subdivisions. Within Scotland these are called council areas, whereas in Wales the main regional units are called unitary authorities. Scotland's largest Council Area by population is that of Glasgow City at over 650,000, while in Wales, it was the Cardiff Unitary Authority at around 384,000. Northern Ireland, on the other hand, has eleven local government districts, the largest of which is Belfast with a population of approxiamtely 352,000.

(:unav)...........................................

Data OriginThe dataset provided by Ofwat is rooted in legal records. The dataset is digitised from the official appointments of companies as water and sewage undertakers, which include legally binding documents and maps. These documents establish the specific geographic areas each water company is responsible for. The dataset was sourced from Constituency information: Water companiesData TriageAnonymisation is not required for this dataset, since the data is publicly available and focuses on geographical boundaries of water companies rather than individual or sensitive information. The shapefile serves a specific purpose related to geospatial analysis and regulatory compliance, offering transparent information about the service areas of different water companies as designated by Ofwat.Further ReadingBelow is a curated selection of links for additional reading, which provide a deeper understanding of the water company boundaries datasetOfwat (The Water Services Regulation Authority): As the regulatory body for water and wastewater services in England and Wales, Ofwat's website is a primary source for detailed information about the water industry, including company boundaries.Data.gov.uk: This site provides access to national datasets, including the Water Resource Zone GIS Data (WRMP19), which covers all water resource zones in England. This dataset is crucial for understanding geographical boundaries related to water management.Water UK: As a trade body representing UK water and wastewater service providers, Water UK's website offers insights into the industry's workings, including aspects related to geographical boundaries.Specifications and CaveatsWhen compiling the dataset, the following specifications and caveats were made:This shapefile is intended solely for geospatial analysis. The authoritative legal delineation of areas is maintained in the maps and additional details specified in the official appointments of companies as water and/or sewerage undertakers, along with any alterations to their areas.The shapefile does not encompass data on any structures or properties that, despite being outside the designated boundary, are included in the area, or those within the boundary yet excluded from the area.In terms of geospatial analysis and visual representation, the Mean High Water Line has been utilized to define any boundary extending into the sea, though it's more probable that the actual boundary aligns with the low water mark. Furthermore, islands that are incorporated into the area might not be included in this representation.Ofwat’s data was last updated on 25th May 2022Contact Details If you have a query about this dataset, please email foi@ofwat.gov.uk

This is the ONS Postcode Directory (ONSPD) for the United Kingdom as at February 2024 in Comma Separated Variable (CSV) and ASCII text (TXT) formats. This file contains the multi CSVs so that postcode areas can be opened in MS Excel. To download the zip file click the Download button. The ONSPD relates both current and terminated postcodes in the United Kingdom to a range of current statutory administrative, electoral, health and other area geographies. It also links postcodes to pre-2002 health areas, 1991 Census enumeration districts for England and Wales, 2001 Census Output Areas (OA) and Super Output Areas (SOA) for England and Wales, 2001 Census OAs and SOAs for Northern Ireland and 2001 Census OAs and Data Zones (DZ) for Scotland. It now contains 2021 Census OAs and SOAs for England, Wales and Northern Ireland. It helps support the production of area-based statistics from postcoded data. The ONSPD is produced by ONS Geography, who provide geographic support to the Office for National Statistics (ONS) and geographic services used by other organisations. The ONSPD is issued quarterly. (File size - 231 MB) Please note that this product contains Royal Mail, Gridlink, LPS (Northern Ireland), Ordnance Survey and ONS Intellectual Property Rights.

According to the 2021 Census, London was the most ethnically diverse region in England and Wales – 63.2% of residents identified with an ethnic minority group.

OverviewThis dataset provides the measurements of raw water storage levels in reservoirs crucial for public water supply. The reservoirs included in this dataset are natural bodies of water that have been dammed to store untreated water.Key DefinitionsAggregation The process of summarising or grouping data to obtain a single or reduced set of information, often for analysis or reporting purposes.CapacityThe maximum volume of water a reservoir can hold above the natural level of the surrounding land, with thresholds for regulation at 10,000 cubic meters in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and a modified threshold of 25,000 cubic meters in Scotland pending full implementation of the Reservoirs (Scotland) Act 2011.Current Level The present volume of water held in a reservoir measured above a set baseline crucial for safety and regulatory compliance.Current Percentage The current water volume in a reservoir as a percentage of its total capacity, indicating how full the reservoir is at any given time.Dataset Structured and organised collection of related elements, often stored digitally, used for analysis and interpretation in various fields. Granularity Data granularity is a measure of the level of detail in a data structure. In time-series data, for example, the granularity of measurement might be based on intervals of years, months, weeks, days, or hours. ID Abbreviation for Identification that refers to any means of verifying the unique identifier assigned to each asset for the purposes of tracking, management, and maintenance. Open Data Triage The process carried out by a Data Custodian to determine if there is any evidence of sensitivities associated with Data Assets, their associated Metadata and Software Scripts used to process Data Assets if they are used as Open Data. Reservoir Large natural lake used for storing raw water intended for human consumption. Its volume is measurable, allowing for careful management and monitoring to meet demand for clean, safe water.Reservoir TypeThe classification of a reservoir based on the method of construction, the purpose it serves or the source of water it stores.Schema Structure for organising and handling data within a dataset, defining the attributes, their data types, and the relationships between different entities. It acts as a framework that ensures data integrity and consistency by specifying permissible data types and constraints for each attribute.Units Standard measurements used to quantify and compare different physical quantities.Data HistoryData OriginReservoir level data is sourced from water companies who may also update this information on their website and government publications such as the Water situation reports provided by the UK government. Data Triage ConsiderationsIdentification of Critical InfrastructureSpecial attention is given to safeguard data on essential reservoirs in line with the National Infrastructure Act, to mitigate security risks and ensure resilience of public water systems. Currently, it is agreed that only reservoirs with a location already available in the public domain are included in this dataset.Commercial Risks and AnonymisationThe risk of personal information exposure is minimal to none since the data concerns reservoir levels, which are not linked to individuals or households.Data Triage Review FrequencyAnnually unless otherwise requested. Data FreshnessIt is not currently possible to make the dataset live. Some companies have digital monitoring, and some are measuring reservoir levels analogically. This dataset may not be used to determine reservoir level in place of visual checks where these are advised.Publish FrequencyAnnuallyData SpecificationsData specifications define what is included and excluded in the dataset to maintain clarity and focus. For this dataset: • Each dataset covers measurements taken by the publisher. • This dataset is published periodically in line with the publisher’s capabilities.• Historical datasets may be provided for comparison but are not required.• The location data provided may be a point from anywhere within the body of water or on its boundary.• Reservoirs included in the dataset must be: o Open bodies of water used to store raw/untreated water o Filled naturally o Measurable o Contain water that may go on to be used for public supply ContextThis dataset must not be used to determine the implementation of low supply or high supply measures such as hose pipe bans being put in place or removed. Please await guidance from your water supplier regarding any changes required to your usage of water.Particularly high or low reservoir levels may be considered normal or as expected given the season or recent weather.This dataset does not remove the requirement for visual checks on reservoir level that are in place for caving/pot holing safety.Some water companies calculate the capacity of reservoirs differently than others. The capacity can mean the useable volume of the reservoir or the overall volume that can be held in the reservoir including water below the water table. For Wessex Water reservoir total capacity information is based on gross capacity of the reservoir. Current percentage full will be a percentage of this gross capacity.Level information is provided as meters below spillway. Where the water level is 0 m it is equal to the height of the spillway, which is equivalent to 100% of the total volume storage available.Supplementary InformationBelow is a curated selection of links for additional reading, which provide a deeper understanding of this dataset. 1. Uses of Reservoirs: https://britishdams.org/about-dams/dam-information/uses-for-reservoirs/2. Inventory of UK Reservoirs: https://catalogue.ceh.ac.uk/documents/f5a7d56c-cea0-4f00-b159-c3788a3b2b383. Reservoirs Act 1975 as applied in England: https://britishdams.org/assets/documents/Dam%20Legislation%20-%20England%20-%20October%202016.pdf4. Reservoirs Act (Northern Ireland) 2015: https://britishdams.org/assets/documents/Dam%20Legislation%20-%20Northern%20Ireland%20-%20October%202016.pdf5. Reservoirs (Scotland) Act 2011: https://britishdams.org/assets/documents/Dam%20Legislation%20-%20Scotland%20-%20October%202016.pdf6. Reservoirs Act 1975 as applied in Wales: https://britishdams.org/assets/documents/Dam%20Legislation%20-%20Wales%20-%20October%202016.pdf7. Monthly local reports on reservoir levels: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/water-situation-local-area-reports