As of March 16, 2022, there was a total of approximately 5.9 million confirmed cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Japan, with around 529 thousand people needing inpatient treatment.

Development of cases in Japan Generally, the increase of new COVID-19 cases recorded from January to March 2020 in Japan followed a slower trajectory as compared to, for example, China, Europe, or the United States of America. The first reported case of COVID-19 in Japan was confirmed on January 16, 2020, when a man that had returned from Wuhan city, China, was tested positive. The first transmission within Japan was recorded on January 28. The number of new cases then increased tenfold in February. April saw a further acceleration of the infection rate. Consequently, the Japanese government declared a nationwide state of emergency that month. The government announced a state of emergency for the second time in January 2021, the third time in April 2021, and the forth time in the July 2021.

Vaccine rollout The Japanese government started the distribution of COVID-19 vaccination in February 2021, mainly for medical professionals. The administration of vaccination for general citizens commenced in April for senior citizens. The vaccine rate of the population was just over 74.7 percent for second doses as of March 2022.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated facts and figure page. 

As of March 17, 2022, the highest number of approximately 1.2 million patients with coronavirus (COVID-19) were confirmed in Tokyo Prefecture in Japan, followed by Osaka Prefecture with about 747.9 thousand people. On that day, all prefectures out of 47 reported new infection cases.

 Tokyo and Kanagawa  The first coronavirus case in Japan was confirmed on January 16, 2020, in Kanagawa prefecture. Part of the Greater Tokyo Area, Kanagawa is the country’s second-most populous prefecture with more than nine million inhabitants. A few days after the first case in Kanagawa, Japan’s second case was reported in Tokyo. Kanagawa and Tokyo, along with Osaka, and four other prefectures, were the first to be placed under a state of emergency by then prime minister Shinzo Abe in April 2020. From the outbreak of COVID-19 until March 2022, the state of emergency was announced four times for Tokyo and three times for Kanagawa Prefecture.

 Osaka Osaka prefecture reported its first case of COVID-19 on January 29, 2020. The prefecture is the center of Japan’s second-most populated urban region, the Keihanshin metropolitan area, which includes Kyoto and Hyogo prefectures. The virus continued to spread in Osaka with the acceleration of new infection cases per day recorded in January, April to May, July to September in 2021, and January and onwards in 2022.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated facts and figure page. 

The distribution of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Japan as of March 16, 2022, showed that the highest number of patients were aged 20 to 29 years old, with a total of over one million cases. The highest number of deaths could be seen among the patients aged 80 years and older at about 15.5 thousand cases.

 Shortage of intensive care beds 

With over 1,200 hospital beds per 100,000 inhabitants available in the country, Japan is one of the best-equipped OECD nations regarding the medical sector. However, after the COVID-19 outbreak, country has faced a shortage of hospital beds, especially those required for intensive care. ICU beds only constitute a small share of the overall number of hospital beds in the country compared to European countries like Switzerland and Germany. To combat this problem, the Japanese government implemented financial incentives for hospitals upon acquisition of new intensive care beds. Another factor playing a significant part in the shortage of hospital beds is the comparably high average length of hospital stays, since some bedridden seniors are in long-term care in hospitals, as opposed to being cared for in nursing homes or at home.

Challenges for private hospitals Japan’s over eight thousand hospitals were opened by doctors, leading to the majority of the institutions being privately owned. As many of them are specialized and dependent on outpatient surgeries, COVID-19 patients pose new difficulties, as treating them in a converted ward would hinder day-to-day operations. Acquisition of intensive care beds involves financial and logistical challenges, which smaller private institutions have difficulty meeting, as they are not funded by tax revenues.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated facts and figure page.

Japan recorded 31547 Coronavirus Deaths since the epidemic began, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In addition, Japan reported 33803572 Coronavirus Cases. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Japan Coronavirus Deaths.

About Datasets

Tokyo is the largest prefecture and has the largest number of cases of COVID-19 in Japan. The number of total confirmed cases in Tokyo is about 73000 (as of January 9th, 2021). In this dataset, data about COVID-19 in Tokyo contain. If you want to download it, please consider upvoting.

Data Source

Data was collected from Tokyo Metropolitan Government Open Data Catalog Site and Updates on COVID-19 in Tokyo.

Columns

tokyo_covid19_patients.csv file in this dataset has 7 columns. | Column | Description | | --- | --- | | Number | | | Date | Published Date | | Date (Onset) | Date of onset of symptoms | | Region | Region where patients live in | | Age | Patients age| | Gender | Patients gender| | Situation | This columns shows whether the patient was discharged (include death) or not.|

tokyo_cases_byarea.csv has 4 columns. | Column | Description | | --- | --- | | Area | This column shows that which area the municipality belong. | | Municipality | Municipality name | | Positive Cases | The number of total cases | | Code | Code required to draw a choropleth map |

As of March 18, 2022, there was a total number of nearly six million confirmed cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from patients living or staying in Japan. More than 12.6 thousand people were confirmed with the virus at the airport quarantine as of the same day. A total of almost six million confirmed cases were reported in Japan so far.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated facts and figure page.

As of April 17, 2020, Tokyo Prefecture recorded the highest density of people infected with the coronavirus (COVID-19) among all 47 prefectures in Japan, with approximately 20.1 infected people per 100 thousand inhabitants in the prefecture. Ishikawa Prefecture recorded the second highest density, with around 14.1 people per 100 thousand inhabitants in the prefecture being infected with the virus. There was an average of around 7.8 infected people per 100 thousand inhabitants in Japan during the measured time period.

In terms of the total number of infection cases, Tokyo and Osaka Prefecture were the two prefectures with the highest number of patients of COVID-19 as of April 2020.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated facts and figure page.

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, saw infection cases spread throughout the Asia-Pacific region. By April 13, 2024, India had faced over 45 million coronavirus cases. South Korea followed behind India as having had the second highest number of coronavirus cases in the Asia-Pacific region, with about 34.6 million cases. At the same time, Japan had almost 34 million cases. At the beginning of the outbreak, people in South Korea had been optimistic and predicted that the number of cases would start to stabilize. What is SARS CoV 2?Novel coronavirus, officially known as SARS CoV 2, is a disease which causes respiratory problems which can lead to difficulty breathing and pneumonia. The illness is similar to that of SARS which spread throughout China in 2003. After the outbreak of the coronavirus, various businesses and shops closed to prevent further spread of the disease. Impacts from flight cancellations and travel plans were felt across the Asia-Pacific region. Many people expressed feelings of anxiety as to how the virus would progress. Impact throughout Asia-PacificThe Coronavirus and its variants have affected the Asia-Pacific region in various ways. Out of all Asia-Pacific countries, India was highly affected by the pandemic and experienced more than 50 thousand deaths. However, the country also saw the highest number of recoveries within the APAC region, followed by South Korea and Japan.

Context

COVID-19 data in Turkey. Daily Covid-19 data published by our health ministry.

Content

time_series_covid_19_confirmed_tr
time_series_covid_19_recovered_tr
time_series_covid_19_deaths_tr
time_series_covid_19_intubated_tr
time_series_covid_19_intensive_care_tr.csv 
time_series_covid_19_tested_tr.csv 
test_numbers : Number of test (daily)

Total data

covid_19_data_tr

Github

Github repo : https://github.com/gkhan496/Covid19-in-Turkey/

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank our health ministry and all health workers.

Country level datasets

USA - https://www.kaggle.com/sudalairajkumar/covid19-in-usa Indonesia - https://www.kaggle.com/ardisragen/indonesia-coronavirus-cases France - https://www.kaggle.com/lperez/coronavirus-france-dataset Tunisia - https://www.kaggle.com/ghassen1302/coronavirus-tunisia Japan - https://www.kaggle.com/tsubasatwi/close-contact-status-of-corona-in-japan South Korea - https://www.kaggle.com/kimjihoo/coronavirusdataset Italy - https://www.kaggle.com/sudalairajkumar/covid19-in-italy Brazil - https://www.kaggle.com/unanimad/corona-virus-brazil

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F2311214%2Feaf61a1cf97850b64aefd52d3de5890b%2FXMhaJ.png?generation=1586182028591623&alt=media" alt="">

Source : https://fastlifehacks.com/n95-vs-ffp/

https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr https://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html?fbclid=IwAR0k49fzqTxI4HBBZF7n4hLX4Zj0Q2KII_WOEo7agklC20KODB3TOeF8RrU#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6 http://who.int/ --situation reports https://evrimagaci.org/covid19#turkey-statistics

Time series data of the daily reported number of COVID-19 cases for all 47 prefectures in Japan from 1 February 2022 to 8 May 2023 (714 data points).

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated respiratory infections, has been detected in the feces of patients. Therefore, determining SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels in sewage may help to predict the number of infected people within the area. In this study, we quantified SARS-CoV-2 RNA copy number using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR with primers and probes targeting the N gene, which allows the detection of both wild-type and variant strain of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage samples from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Kobe City, Japan, during the fourth and fifth pandemic waves of COVID-19 between February 2021 and October 2021. The wastewater samples were concentrated via centrifugation, yielding a pelleted solid fraction and a supernatant, which was subjected to polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation. The SARS-CoV-2 RNA was significantly and frequently detected in the solid fraction than in the PEG-precipitated fraction. In addition, the copy number in the solid fraction was highly correlated with the number of COVID-19 cases in the WWTP basin (WWTP-A: r = 0.8205, p 

Japan MHLW: COVID-19: PCR: Confirmed data was reported at 33,826,903.000 Person in 08 May 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 33,817,576.000 Person for 07 May 2023. Japan MHLW: COVID-19: PCR: Confirmed data is updated daily, averaging 1,687,422.000 Person from Feb 2020 (Median) to 08 May 2023, with 1183 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33,826,903.000 Person in 08 May 2023 and a record low of 25.000 Person in 07 Feb 2020. Japan MHLW: COVID-19: PCR: Confirmed data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The data is categorized under High Frequency Database’s Disease Outbreaks – Table JP.D001: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-2019) (Discontinued). Discrepancies on some timepoints are due to the inclusion of unspecified positive cases.

Please, If you enjoyed this dataset, don't forget to upvote it.

Content

From Novel Corona Virus 2019 Dataset:

2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is a virus (more specifically, a coronavirus) identified as the cause of an outbreak of respiratory illness first detected in Wuhan, China. Early on, many of the patients in the outbreak in Wuhan, China reportedly had some link to a large seafood and animal market, suggesting animal-to-person spread. However, a growing number of patients reportedly have not had exposure to animal markets, indicating person-to-person spread is occurring. At this time, it’s unclear how easily or sustainably this virus is spreading between people - CDC

This dataset has information on the number of cases in Brazil. Please note that this is a time series data and so the number of cases on any given day is a cumulative number.

The data is available from Jan/30/2020, when the first suspect case appeared in Brazil.

Acknowledgements

1. Avisos/Advertising - Please, before start working with this data, take a break to read this discussion.
2. Plataforma COVID Brazil - Public platform to share informations about the COVID-19 cases in Brazil.

Country level datasets

If you are interested in know about another country, please follow these Kaggle datasets:

• Novel Corona Virus 2019 Dataset - https://www.kaggle.com/sudalairajkumar/novel-corona-virus-2019-dataset
• India - https://www.kaggle.com/sudalairajkumar/covid19-in-india
• South Korea - https://www.kaggle.com/kimjihoo/coronavirusdataset
• Italy - https://www.kaggle.com/sudalairajkumar/covid19-in-italy
• USA - https://www.kaggle.com/sudalairajkumar/covid19-in-usa
• Switzerland - https://www.kaggle.com/daenuprobst/covid19-cases-switzerland
• Indonesia - https://www.kaggle.com/ardisragen/indonesia-coronavirus-cases
• Turkey - https://www.kaggle.com/gkhan496/covid19-in-turkey
• France - https://www.kaggle.com/lperez/coronavirus-france-dataset
• Tunisia - https://www.kaggle.com/ghassen1302/coronavirus-tunisia
• Japan - https://www.kaggle.com/tsubasatwi/close-contact-status-of-corona-in-japan

Inspiration

1. Changes in number of cases over time
2. Change in cases over time at state level

Although mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been reported for high effectiveness against symptoms, it remains unclear whether post-vaccination infections are less symptomatic than infections in vaccine-naive individuals. We included patients with COVID-19 diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction tests during Japan’s alpha and delta variant epidemics. COVID-19 symptoms at approximately 4 weeks were compared based on COVID-19 vaccination status. In total, 398 cases (372 symptomatic and 26 asymptomatic; 286 unvaccinated, 66 vaccinated with one dose, and 46 with two doses) were analyzed. The most common symptoms were fever (78.4%), fatigue (78.4%), cough (74.4%), loss of taste or smell (62.8%), and headache (59.8%). Post-vaccination infections were significantly less likely to be symptomatic. Possible confounder-adjusted odds ratios of two vaccine doses against fatigue, dry eyes and mouth, insomnia, fever, shortness of breath, unusual muscle pains, and loss of taste or smell were 0.18 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.09–0.38), 0.22 (95% CI: 0.08–0.59), 0.33 (95% CI: 0.14–0.80), 0.31 (95% CI: 0.15–0.63), 0.36 (95% CI: 0.16–0.76), 0.40 (95% CI: 0.19–0.82), and 0.44 (95% CI: 0.22–0.87), respectively. Post-vaccination infections after two mRNA COVID-19 vaccine doses show milder and fewer symptoms than infections in unvaccinated patients, highlighting the effectiveness of vaccination.

As of March 18, 2022, a total of around 41.7 million people in Japan underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for coronavirus (COVID-19), of which about 40 million tests were for patients within the country. As of the same day, a total of approximately six million cases were confirmed positive with the virus. According to the source, number of PCR tests conducted in the national institute of infectious diseases and local institutes of health in the country amounted to roughly 57.9 million cases as of March 16, 2022.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated facts and figure page.

Analysis of ‘Indonesia-Coronavirus’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://www.kaggle.com/ardisragen/indonesia-coronavirus-cases on 30 September 2021.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Context

COVID-19 has infected many people in Indonesia, and the number of confirmed cases is increasing exponentially. Indonesia has raised its coronavirus alert to the "Darurat Nasional (National Emergency)" until 29 May 2020. The Java island, especially Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, is the most affected region by the coronavirus.

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F2849532%2Ff46e130bad5d4e74a8835ca057dd05ca%2Facc.png?generation=1584939612835429&alt=media" alt="">

https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F2849532%2F93b53d1b6601da74041f41ea4ba227f6%2Fcases.png?generation=1584938551413887&alt=media" alt="">

Following are the list of available online portals announce the information of COVID-19, from the public community and provincial (regional) government website in Indonesia.

1. https://www.covid19.go.id/situasi-virus-corona/, by Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management.
2. https://kawalcovid19.id/, by Kawal Covid-19 Indonesia community.
3. https://corona.jakarta.go.id/, Jakarta tanggap Covid-19 by Pemda DKI Jakarta.
4. https://pikobar.jabarprov.go.id/, Pusat Informasi & Koordinasi COVID-19, by Pemprov Jawa Barat.
5. https://corona.jatengprov.go.id/, Jawa Tengah Tanggap COVID-19, by Pemprov Jawa Tengah.
6. https://corona.sumbarprov.go.id/, Sumbar Tanggap Corona, by Pemprov Sumatera Barat.
7. http://corona.jogjaprov.go.id/, Yogyakarta Tanggap Covid-19, by Pemprov DIY.
8. https://covid19.bandung.go.id/. Pusat Informasi & Koordinasi COVID-19 Kota Bandung.

We make a structured dataset based on the report materials in these portals. Thus, the research community can apply recent AI and statistical techniques to generate new insights in support of the ongoing fight against this infectious disease in Indonesia.

Current State

Dataset 1) Total Confirmed Positive Cases 2) Google Trend Related keywords 3) Patient Epidemiological Data 4) Daily Case Statistics 5) Case per Province 6) Case in Jakarta Capital City 7) Daily New Confirmed Cases in Each Province (Timeline)

Kernel 1) Predicting Coronavirus Positive Cases in Indonesia 2) Visualization & Analysis of Covid-19 in Indonesia 3) Logistic Model for Indonesia COVID-19 4) DataSet Characteristics of Corona patients in several countries, including Indonesia 5) Novel Corona Virus (Covid-19) Indonesia EDA 6) Simple Visualization and Forecasting 7) Characteristics of Corona patients DS

Related Publication 1) Response to Covid-19: Data Analytics and Transparency, Koderea Talks, 18 March 2020, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340003505_Response_to_Covid-19_Data_Analytics_and_Transparency 2) Covid-19 Data Science, ID Institute Obrolin Data Coronavirus, 24 March 2020, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340116231_IDInstitute_Covid-19_Data_Science

Other Country Level Datasets

• South Korea - https://www.kaggle.com/kimjihoo/coronavirusdataset
• Italy - https://www.kaggle.com/sudalairajkumar/covid19-in-italy
• Brazil - https://www.kaggle.com/unanimad/corona-virus-brazil
• USA - https://www.kaggle.com/sudalairajkumar/covid19-in-usa
• France - https://www.kaggle.com/lperez/coronavirus-france-dataset
• Tunisia - https://www.kaggle.com/ghassen1302/coronavirus-tunisia
• Japan - https://www.kaggle.com/tsubasatwi/close-contact-status-of-corona-in-japan

Acknowledgements

Thanks sincerely to all the members of the DSCI Team, KawalCovid19.id, Pemda DKI Jakarta, Pemprov Jawa Barat, Pemprov Jawa Tengah, Pemprov Sumatera Barat, and Pemprov DIY.

DSCI Team

1. Ardiansyah (ardisragen)
2. Tri A Sundara (trilabs)
3. Thomhert (thomhert)
4. Epsi Sayidina (epsisayidina)
5. Teuku Hashrul (hahasrul)
6. Naufal Hakim (hakimbazol)

Invitation

We welcome anyone to join us as collaborators! Join WAG Chat: https://s.id/fgPoP For more information please contact ardi@ejnu.net or WA +8210-4297-0504

Working with https://www.googleapis.com/download/storage/v1/b/kaggle-user-content/o/inbox%2F2849532%2Fd56eaf0a5d770d756a54cec0d09c87ff%2Fkoderea.png?generation=1584539195622597&alt=media" alt="">

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

Japan Enterprise Bankruptcy Case: Total data was reported at 875.000 Unit in Mar 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 768.000 Unit for Feb 2025. Japan Enterprise Bankruptcy Case: Total data is updated monthly, averaging 731.000 Unit from Mar 2001 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 289 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,294.000 Unit in Jun 2009 and a record low of 288.000 Unit in May 2020. Japan Enterprise Bankruptcy Case: Total data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Teikoku Databank Limited. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.O046: Enterprise Bankruptcy. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Copyright 2020 by The New York Times Company

Coronavirus (Covid-19) Data in the United States

[ U.S. Data (Raw CSV) | U.S. State-Level Data (Raw CSV) | U.S. County-Level Data (Raw CSV) ]

The New York Times is releasing a series of data files with cumulative counts of coronavirus cases in the United States, at the state and county level, over time. We are compiling this time series data from state and local governments and health departments in an attempt to provide a complete record of the ongoing outbreak.

Since late January, The Times has tracked cases of coronavirus in real time as they were identified after testing. Because of the widespread shortage of testing, however, the data is necessarily limited in the picture it presents of the outbreak.

We have used this data to power our maps and reporting tracking the outbreak, and it is now being made available to the public in response to requests from researchers, scientists and government officials who would like access to the data to better understand the outbreak.

The data begins with the first reported coronavirus case in Washington State on Jan. 21, 2020. We will publish regular updates to the data in this repository.

United States Data Data on cumulative coronavirus cases and deaths can be found in three files, one for each of these geographic levels: U.S., states and counties.

Each row of data reports cumulative counts based on our best reporting up to the moment we publish an update. We do our best to revise earlier entries in the data when we receive new information. If a county is not listed for a date, then there were zero reported confirmed cases and deaths.

State and county files contain FIPS codes, a standard geographic identifier, to make it easier for an analyst to combine this data with other data sets like a map file or population data.

Download all the data or clone this repository by clicking the green "Clone or download" button above.

U.S. National-Level Data The daily number of cases and deaths nationwide, including states, U.S. territories and the District of Columbia, can be found in the us.csv file. (Raw CSV file here.)

date,cases,deaths 2020-01-21,1,0 ... State-Level Data State-level data can be found in the states.csv file. (Raw CSV file here.)

date,state,fips,cases,deaths 2020-01-21,Washington,53,1,0 ... County-Level Data County-level data can be found in the counties.csv file. (Raw CSV file here.)

date,county,state,fips,cases,deaths 2020-01-21,Snohomish,Washington,53061,1,0 ... In some cases, the geographies where cases are reported do not map to standard county boundaries. See the list of geographic exceptions for more detail on these.

Methodology and Definitions The data is the product of dozens of journalists working across several time zones to monitor news conferences, analyze data releases and seek clarification from public officials on how they categorize cases.

It is also a response to a fragmented American public health system in which overwhelmed public servants at the state, county and territorial level have sometimes struggled to report information accurately, consistently and speedily. On several occasions, officials have corrected information hours or days after first reporting it. At times, cases have disappeared from a local government database, or officials have moved a patient first identified in one state or county to another, often with no explanation. In those instances, which have become more common as the number of cases has grown, our team has made every effort to update the data to reflect the most current, accurate information while ensuring that every known case is counted.

When the information is available, we count patients where they are being treated, not necessarily where they live.

In most instances, the process of recording cases has been straightforward. But because of the patchwork of reporting methods for this data across more than 50 state and territorial governments and hundreds of local health departments, our journalists sometimes had to make difficult interpretations about how to count and record cases.

For those reasons, our data will in some cases not exactly match with the information reported by states and counties. Those differences include these cases: When the federal government arranged flights to the United States for Americans exposed to the coronavirus in China and Japan, our team recorded those cases in the states where the patients subsequently were treated, even though local health departments generally did not. When a resident of Florida died in Los Angeles, we recorded her death as having occurred in California rather than Florida, though officials in Florida counted her case in their own records. And when officials in some states reported new cases without immediately identifying where the patients were being treated, we attempted to add informati...

Public health authorities perform contact tracing for highly contagious agents to identify close contacts with the infected cases. However, during the pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this operation was not employed in countries with high patient volumes. Meanwhile, the Japanese government conducted this operation, thereby contributing to the control of infections, at the cost of arduous manual labor by public health officials. To ease the burden of the officials, this study attempted to automate the assessment of each person’s infection risk through an ontology, called COVID-19 Infection Risk Ontology (CIRO). This ontology expresses infection risks of COVID-19 formulated by the Japanese government, toward automated assessment of infection risks of individuals, using Resource Description Framework (RDF) and SPARQL (SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language) queries. For evaluation, we demonstrated that the knowledge graph built could infer the risks, formulated by the government. Moreover, we conducted reasoning experiments to analyze the computational efficiency. The experiments demonstrated usefulness of the knowledge processing, and identified issues left for deployment.

Introduction: As of June 7, 2021, the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to more than 200 countries. The global number of reported cases is more than 172.9 million, with more than 3.7 million deaths, and the number of infected individuals is still growing rapidly. Consequently, events and activities around the world were canceled or postponed, and the preparation for sporting events were greatly challenged. Under such circumstances, about 11,000 athletes from ~206 countries are arriving in Tokyo for the 32nd Summer Olympic Games. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to assess the occurrence and spread risk of COVID-19 for the Games.Objectives: To explore effective prevention and control measures for COVID-19 in large international events through simulations of different interventions according to risk assessment.Methods: We used a random model to calculate the number of initial infected patients and used Poisson distribution to determine the number of initial infected patients based on the number of countries involved. Furthermore, to simulate the COVID-19 transmission, the susceptible-exposed-symptomatic-asymptomatic-recovered-hospitalized (SEIARH) model was established based on the susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) mathematical model of epidemic diseases. According to risk assessment indicators produced by different scenarios of the simulated interventions, the risk of COVID-19 transmission in Tokyo Olympic Games was assessed.Results: The current COVID-19 prevention measures proposed by the Japan Olympic Committee need to be enhanced. And large-scale vaccination will effectively control the spread of COVID-19. When the protective efficacy of vaccines is 78.1% or 89.8%, and if the vaccination rate of athletes reaches 80%, an epidemic prevention barrier can be established.