This data package includes the underlying data to replicate the charts, tables, and calculations presented in The trinity of COVID era inflation in G7 economies, PIIE Working Paper 24-21.

If you use the data, please cite as:

Gagnon, Joseph E., and Asher Rose. 2024. The trinity of COVID era inflation in G7 economies. PIIE Working Paper 24-21. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

This data package includes the underlying data to replicate the charts, tables, and calculations presented in Labor market tightness and inflation before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, PIIE Working Paper 24-23.

If you use the data, please cite as:

Bloesch, Justin. 2024. Labor market tightness and inflation before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. PIIE Working Paper 24-23. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Given the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak on the Romanian economy, it is expected that inflation will also be affected. Inflation is expected to increase from 3.3 percent to 3.5 percent in 2021.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the inflation rate in Morocco in 2020 and 2021 was expected at * and *** percent, respectively. On the contrary, under a baseline scenario, inflation was projected at *** percent in 2020 and *** percent in 2021. Moreover, under a worst case scenario, where the pandemic continued to the end of 2020, inflation rate was estimated at *** and *** percent for 2020 and 2021 respectively.

This data package includes the underlying data to replicate the charts, tables, and calculations presented in Fiscal policy and the pandemic-era surge in US inflation: Lessons for the future, PIIE Working Paper 24-22.

If you use the data, please cite as:

Dynan, Karen, and Douglas Elmendorf. 2024. Fiscal policy and the pandemic-era surge in US inflation: Lessons for the future. PIIE Working Paper 24-22. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Inflation is generally defined as the continued increase in the average prices of goods and services in a given region. Following the extremely high global inflation experienced in the 1980s and 1990s, global inflation has been relatively stable since the turn of the millennium, usually hovering between three and five percent per year. There was a sharp increase in 2008 due to the global financial crisis now known as the Great Recession, but inflation was fairly stable throughout the 2010s, before the current inflation crisis began in 2021. Recent years Despite the economic impact of the coronavirus pandemic, the global inflation rate fell to 3.26 percent in the pandemic's first year, before rising to 4.66 percent in 2021. This increase came as the impact of supply chain delays began to take more of an effect on consumer prices, before the Russia-Ukraine war exacerbated this further. A series of compounding issues such as rising energy and food prices, fiscal instability in the wake of the pandemic, and consumer insecurity have created a new global recession, and global inflation in 2024 is estimated to have reached 5.76 percent. This is the highest annual increase in inflation since 1996. Venezuela Venezuela is the country with the highest individual inflation rate in the world, forecast at around 200 percent in 2022. While this is figure is over 100 times larger than the global average in most years, it actually marks a decrease in Venezuela's inflation rate, which had peaked at over 65,000 percent in 2018. Between 2016 and 2021, Venezuela experienced hyperinflation due to the government's excessive spending and printing of money in an attempt to curve its already-high inflation rate, and the wave of migrants that left the country resulted in one of the largest refugee crises in recent years. In addition to its economic problems, political instability and foreign sanctions pose further long-term problems for Venezuela. While hyperinflation may be coming to an end, it remains to be seen how much of an impact this will have on the economy, how living standards will change, and how many refugees may return in the coming years.

According to one of the scenarios, it is assumed that the outbreak of the coronavirus (COVID-19) will cause a deeper recession in Poland. It is estimated that by the end of 2020, GDP will fall to -4 percent, the inflation rate will reach 2.1 percent and unemployment 13 percent. The inflation rate will be significantly affected by global oil prices.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic was projected to affect Ghana's rate of inflation. The inflation rate was estimated at 8.5 percent for 2020 and 7.5 percent for 2021, before the outbreak of the virus. However, due to the pandemic, inflation projections in the country amounted to 11.2 percent and 9.3 percent for 2020 and 2021, respectively (under a baseline scenario). Furthermore, on the assumption that the COVID-19 pandemic got even worse, the rate of inflation was revised at 12.7 percent and 10.6 percent. It can therefore be seen that the studied impact was estimated to increase both under baseline and worst-case scenarios of COVID-19. Overall, on August 1, 2020, the highest daily increase in cases was recorded in Ghana.

This data package includes the underlying data files to replicate the data and charts presented in Did supply chains deliver pandemic-era inflation? by Phil Levy, PIIE Policy Brief 24-10.

If you use the data, please cite as: Levy, Phil. 2024. Did supply chains deliver pandemic-era inflation?, PIIE Policy Brief 24-10. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

In November 2023, 700 bankruptcies were registered in Sweden. This was even higher than immediately after COVID-19 hit in April 2020 when 578 bankruptcies were reported. The increasing number of bankruptcies in 2022 and 2023 must be seen in relation with the increasing inflation rates. The number of bankruptcies fell by August 2024.The first case of the coronavirus in Sweden was confirmed on February 4, 2020. For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

This data package includes the underlying data files to replicate the data and charts presented in The Inflation Surge in Europe by Patrick Honohan, PIIE Policy Brief 24-2.

If you use the data, please cite as: Honohan, Patrick. 2024. The Inflation Surge in Europe. PIIE Policy Brief 24-2. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

United States Breakeven Inflation: 5-Year data was reported at 2.410 % in 15 May 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.440 % for 14 May 2025. United States Breakeven Inflation: 5-Year data is updated daily, averaging 1.900 % from Jan 2003 (Median) to 15 May 2025, with 5597 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.590 % in 25 Mar 2022 and a record low of 0.140 % in 19 Mar 2020. United States Breakeven Inflation: 5-Year data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.I: Breakeven Inflation Rate. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Before the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, the inflation rate in 2020 and 2021 was projected to be *** and *** percent respectively in Egypt. However, with the baseline assumption that coronavirus subsided in *********, it was estimated that the inflation would be slightly higher for 2020 at *** percent and with *** percent in 2021. When considering the pandemic to persist to *************, it is projected that the inflation rate for 2020 would be eight percent, while 2021 would be *** percent.

2022 and 2023 saw inflation rates rise all over the world, especially spurred by effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia's invasion of Ukraine. With its hyperinflation, ********* was predicted to have the highest inflation rate of the countries included here both in 2023, 2024, and 2025. On the other hand, ******* inflation rate was estimated to only reach *** percent in 2024.

Graph and download economic data for Inflation, consumer prices for the United States (FPCPITOTLZGUSA) from 1960 to 2024 about consumer, CPI, inflation, price index, indexes, price, and USA.

Inflation Rate: 12 Months Expectation: Average data was reported at 7.000 % in Apr 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 6.000 % for Mar 2025. Inflation Rate: 12 Months Expectation: Average data is updated monthly, averaging 4.800 % from Aug 1987 (Median) to Apr 2025, with 453 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.900 % in Jun 2022 and a record low of 3.600 % in Oct 1995. Inflation Rate: 12 Months Expectation: Average data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by The Conference Board. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.H050: Consumer Confidence Index: Inflation Rate Expectation. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Iceland Businesses Inflation Expectations: 2 year: Average data was reported at 3.700 % in Mar 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 3.800 % for Dec 2024. Iceland Businesses Inflation Expectations: 2 year: Average data is updated quarterly, averaging 3.950 % from Sep 2008 (Median) to Mar 2025, with 50 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.100 % in Sep 2008 and a record low of 2.900 % in Mar 2020. Iceland Businesses Inflation Expectations: 2 year: Average data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Central Bank of Iceland. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Iceland – Table IS.I017: Inflation Expectations. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

2022 and 2023 were characterized by leaping inflation rates. These were caused by a multiple of factors, but post-corona (COVID-19) challenges and the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February that year had a major impact. However, the inflation rates in all countries included were forecast to stabilize through 2022 and 2023. More information about global inflation can be found here.

United States Breakeven Inflation: 10-Year data was reported at 2.340 % in 15 May 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.370 % for 14 May 2025. United States Breakeven Inflation: 10-Year data is updated daily, averaging 2.130 % from Jan 2003 (Median) to 15 May 2025, with 5597 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.020 % in 21 Apr 2022 and a record low of 0.500 % in 19 Mar 2020. United States Breakeven Inflation: 10-Year data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.I: Breakeven Inflation Rate. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

This contains a readme file (Readme_replicationpackage) and all relevant code to replicate results in the main text of the paper "Printing Away the Mortgages: Fiscal Inflation and the Post-Covid Boom" in the Journal of Financial Economics.