Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.

At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was uncertainty surrounding the diagnosis, prevalence, phenotype, duration, and treatment of Long COVID. This study aimed to (A) describe the clinical phenotype of post-COVID symptomatology in children and young people (CYP) with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with test-negative controls, (B) produce an operational research definition of Long COVID in CYP, and (C) establish its prevalence in CYP.

In total 219,175 CYP aged 11-17 years who had a positive (n=91,014) or negative (n=128,161) PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 between September 2020 and March 2021 in England were invited to participate. Test-positive and test-negative CYP were matched, at study invitation, on month of test, age, sex, and geographical region. 31,012 consenting CYP enrolled into the study at 3-, 6- or 12-months after their index-PCR test and, depending on when they enrolled, they were also invited to fill in follow-up questionnaires at 6-, 12-, and 24-months post index-test. The overall response rate was 14.1%, with retention across sweeps varying from 36.6% to 54.1%.

A sub-study was set up in January 2022 when the Omicron variant was dominant. In the sub-study an additional 5,135 CYP who were PCR positive for the first time in January 2021 were invited, along with 4,507 who were reinfected during this period, and 5,157 who remained PCR-negative. 3,046 consenting CYP enrolled into the sub-study and filled in questionnaires at 0-, 3-, and 6- and 12-months after testing.

The datasets include repeat self-reported information on CYP's physical and mental health over time, using validated scales. For the main sample, flexible survey weights have been developed to re-weight analyses to be nationally representative of CYP in England.

Further information is available on the UCL Long COVID in Children and Young People (The CLoCk Study) webpages.

Suitable data analysis software
The depositor provides these data in R format (.rda). Users are strongly advised to analyse them in R, as transfer to other formats may result in unforeseen issues.

Long COVID in children and young people

As global communities responded to COVID-19, we heard from public health officials that the same type of aggregated, anonymized insights we use in products such as Google Maps would be helpful as they made critical decisions to combat COVID-19. These Community Mobility Reports aimed to provide insights into what changed in response to policies aimed at combating COVID-19. The reports charted movement trends over time by geography, across different categories of places such as retail and recreation, groceries and pharmacies, parks, transit stations, workplaces, and residential.

BackgroundLong-term health conditions can affect labour market outcomes. COVID-19 may have increased labour market inequalities, e.g. due to restricted opportunities for clinically vulnerable people. Evaluating COVID-19’s impact could help target support.AimTo quantify the effect of several long-term conditions on UK labour market outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic and compare them to pre-pandemic outcomes.MethodsThe Understanding Society COVID-19 survey collected responses from around 20,000 UK residents in nine waves from April 2020-September 2021. Participants employed in January/February 2020 with a variety of long-term conditions were matched with people without the condition but with similar baseline characteristics. Models estimated probability of employment, hours worked and earnings. We compared these results with results from a two-year pre-pandemic period. We also modelled probability of furlough and home-working frequency during COVID-19.ResultsMost conditions (asthma, arthritis, emotional/nervous/psychiatric problems, vascular/pulmonary/liver conditions, epilepsy) were associated with reduced employment probability and/or hours worked during COVID-19, but not pre-pandemic. Furlough was more likely for people with pulmonary conditions. People with arthritis and cancer were slower to return to in-person working. Few effects were seen for earnings.ConclusionCOVID-19 had a disproportionate impact on people with long-term conditions’ labour market outcomes.

The UK-EU-DEBATE-20-21 corpus was collected within the framework of the collaborative research project OLiNDiNUM (Observatoire LINguistique du DIscours NUMérique / Linguistic Observatory of Online Debate) to be part of a shared research archive of shared corpora and resources.

The corpus was selected with a view to examining the UK-EU media debate on the COVID-19 vaccination campaign following a specific transformative moment: the signature of the Brexit withdrawal agreement by the UK and the EU at the end of January 2021.

The data were retrieved through the Application Programming Interface of the social networking site Twitter, using the accounts of key political actors in the UK government and EU institutions over a period of 14 months (1 February 2020–31 March 2021). The composition of the corpus is illustrated in the table.

The data are supplied in separate .csv files (tab-delimited format). Each row contains the text of the tweet (data_text) and the tweet identifier (data_id) as a header. The tweet identifier enables swift retrieval of the original tweet by searching https://twitter.com/anyuser/status/data_id.

With COVID-19 at the forefront, people may not have been aware of the importance of seeking medical help for early signs of cancer or taking up screening, when available, to diagnose cancer sooner. In addition, some people may not have wanted to be referred to a hospital for diagnostic tests due to fear of catching coronavirus in the healthcare setting. COVID-19 may have also affected whether people took part in healthy behaviours that could reduce the chances of getting cancer. These factors may have led to more cancers occurring, and more cancers being diagnosed at a late stage when treatment may be less successful.

To understand peoples experiences and attitudes towards potential symptoms of cancer, their help-seeking behaviours and engagement in prevention behaviours (i.e. smoking, diet, exercise, alcohol consumption) during the pandemic we carried out a large study in adults aged 18+ across the UK. We aimed to include adults from a range of different backgrounds.

Working closely with Cancer Research UK, we carried out an online survey with over 7,500 people to ask about any recent symptoms, cancer screening and health behaviours during the UK lockdown period. Survey questions included the time taken to visit the GP with a range of possible cancer symptoms, attitudes to cancer screening, anxiety about seeking help in the current situation, other barriers to seeking help, health behaviours including smoking, alcohol, diet and physical activity, and preferred ways of receiving public health information. The survey was repeated 6 months later to assess any changes in attitudes.

We also interview 26 people (by telephone) who had taken part in the survey across two timepoints (autumn 2020 and spring 2021) to understand their attitudes and behaviours in more detail and how these changed during the course of the pandemic.

Our study findings have been used to help in rapidly developing clear public health messages to encouraging people to act on the early signs of cancer, take up cancer screening when it became available and engage in healthy behaviours. Results from our study have been used to help to reduce the negative impact of COVID-19 on cancer outcomes in the longer term.

Background: The impact of COVID-19 on the UK public attitude towards cancer and potential cancer symptom help-seeking is likely to be considerable, translating into impact on the NHS from delayed referrals, missed screening and later-stage cancer diagnosis.

Aim: The aim of this study was to generate rapid self-report evidence on public views/responses of the covid-19 pandemic on caner symptoms to support and inform public health interventions with the potential to encourage: 1. timely symptom presentation, 2. engagement with cancer screening services and 3. improve cancer-related health behaviours I the wake of the pandemic.

Design: Prospective mixed-methods cohort study in the UK population.

Methods: During June-August 2020, and again six month later, we will conduct UK-wide online population survey of adults ages 18+. We measured attitudes and behaviour in the domains of 1. cancer symptom presentation, 2. intentions to engage with cancer screening, 3. Engagement in cancer-risk behaviours such as smoking, increased alcohol, poor diet and reduced physical activity. We sampled from established online cohorts (via CRUK and HealthWise Wales), supplemented with social media recruitment. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a sub-sample of survey participants to understand contextual influences on cancer attitudes and behaviours.

Nationwide, wastewater-based monitoring was newly established in Scotland to track the levels of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA shed into the sewage network, during the COVID-19 pandemic. We present a curated, reference data set produced by this national programme, from May 2020 to February 2022.

Viral levels were analysed by RT-qPCR assays of the N1 gene, on RNA extracted from wastewater sampled at 122 locations. Locations were sampled up to four times per week, typically once or twice per week, and in response to local needs.

These wastewater data are contributing to estimates of disease prevalence and the viral reproduction number (R) in Scotland and in the UK.

We report sampling site locations with geographical coordinates, the total population in the catchment for each site, and the information necessary for data normalisation, such as the incoming wastewater flow values and ammonia concentration, when these were available. The methodology for viral quantification and data analysis is briefly described, with links to detailed protocols online. Check the README for details and the project COVID-WW Website

This project collected data about how organisations working with or for asylum seekers and refugees responded to the COVID-19 pandemic.

This project explored the needs of refugees and asylum-seekers in Glasgow, Scotland and in Newcastle-Gateshead, in the North-East of England, in the context of COVID-19. We focused on these cities because they are key points of dispersal with established asylum service infrastructures spanning distinctive national contexts.

Due to ethical issues the data cannot be shared.

The questionnaire used for the collection is made available in the record.

This project explores the needs of refugees and asylum-seekers in Glasgow, Scotland and in Newcastle-Gateshead, in the North-East of England, in the context of COVID-19. We focus on these cities because they are key points of dispersal with established asylum service infrastructures spanning distinctive national contexts. We will investigate and compare both the response of organisations who provide services for refugees and asylum-seekers, as well as the lived experiences of refugees and asylum-seekers in the context of a global pandemic in Scotland and England. This will build upon five pilot interviews undertaken with refugees in Newcastle-Gateshead during the COVID-19 pandemic. This will facilitate a cross-national, cross-city account of the lived resilience, adaptation strategies and new forms of care that have emerged in the two cities, that can inform local and national government policy. A UK wide survey will provide a crucial overview of the impact of COVID-19 on asylum-seekers and on asylum services. This will be conducted as the start of the study and again six months after this in order to assess how the sector is responding to the unfolding situation. Twenty interviews with organisations who provide services for refugees and asylum-seekers (10 in each city) will supplement forty interviews with refugees and asylum-seekers (20 in each city). Outputs from this project include three academic journal articles; two research reports and two linked policy workshops/webinars in Westminster and Holyrood; two plain language open access online articles about the research findings; and an animated video.

Curation and ISA representation of a SARS-Cov2/Covid-19 Proteomics Dataset deposited in PRIDE database with accession number: PXD107710

ISA-Tab annotation for the "SARS-CoV-2 infected host cell proteomics reveal potential therapy targets" publication.

Github repository: https://github.com/ISA-tools/PXD017710

This is part of an effort to (re-)annotate: https://dx.doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-17218/v1

Additional work done as part of:

https://github.com/virtual-biohackathons/covid-19-bh20

https://github.com/virtual-biohackathons/covid-19-bh20/wiki/FairData

Proteomics data

Available from PRIDE at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/archive/projects/PXD017710 and [MassIVE/CCMS Maestro+MSstats reanalysis of MSV000085096 / PXD017710]

ISA-Tab representation:

Rationale: Demonstrate suitability of the ISA format for representing MS based protein profiling experiment with more granularity and details, thus providing a better representation of the experiment design. The formatting and re-annotation are based on information extracted from: - the original publication - the supplementary tables available from the publishers site - the 'filtered-results.csv' helper file as supplied to @sneumann during the HUPO-PSI meeting March 2020

Viewing the ISA-tab formatted and re-annotated PXD017710 with ISATab-Viewer

Viewing the ISA-tab formatted and re-annotated PXD017710 locally, do the following:

python -m http.server 8000

Then point your browser to http://0.0.0.0:8000/isaviewer-demo.html

Curation tasks performed:

• initial structure of the study design in ISA format:

• linkage of Proteome and Translatome data (supplementary material) to ISA assay tables (via Derived Data File)

• processing the Proteome and Translatome data (supplementary material) with python pandas library to generate the following csv files:

  • proteome_intensities_long_table_ggplot2.txt
  • proteome_diffanal_ratio_pvalue_long_table_ggplot2.txt
  • translatome_intensities_long_table_ggplot2.txt
  • translatome_diffanal_ratio_pvalue_long_table_ggplot2

  The files are long table corresponding to a melt on the Excel file originally generated by the users and can be readily loaded in R ggplot2 library for graphical representation. The statistical relevant elements have been annotated with the STATO ontology and the tables comply with a Frictionless.io Data Package. The jupyter notebook for the transformation is available.

• conversion of raw data to mzML format: detailed in https://github.com/ISA-tools/PXD017710

install docker: bash >brew update >brew install docker

sign in to docker bash >docker start >docker login

pull docker container for ProteoWizard: ```bash

docker pull chambm/pwiz-i-agree-to-the-vendor-licenses ```

:warning: be sure to sign-up and login to https://hub.docker.com/

in order to be able to reach

https://hub.docker.com/r/chambm/pwiz-skyline-i-agree-to-the-vendor-licenses

run the pwiz tool from the container over the raw data: bash docker run -it --rm -e WINEDEBUG=-all -v /Users/Downloads/PXD017710/raw/:/data chambm/pwiz-skyline-i-agree-to-the-vendor-licenses wine msconvert /data/*.raw --mzML

• ontology markup for:
  • declaration of independent variables as ISA Study Factors:{biological agent, dose, time point, replicate} ->OBI
  • Taxonomic information (host cells and virus) -> NCBITaxonomy
  • Cell line: CaCo-2 cells -> Cell Line Ontology
  • Disease: Colon Cancer -> Human Phenotype Ontology
  • MS specific aspect (TMT reagent, instrument ... ) -> PSI-MS
  • Statistical Tests -> STATO

Unresolved curatorial issues:

1. ambiguities related to Tandem Mass Tag labelling protocol

   • the publication mentions TMT11 (see Figure 2 in https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-17218/v1)
   • the information available from PRIDE mentions TMT6 (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pride/archive/projects/PXD017710) This may require another round of annotation on the TMT agents and fractions in the ISA a_assay representation

2. SARS-Cov2 isolate: no clear NCBI Taxonomic anchoring and unclear origin: -> the markup is made to the parent class (as of 06.04.2020)

Release and packaging as a BDBAG:

The tgz file associated with this upload has been producing using https://github.com/fair-research/bdbag. It contains several manifest files detailing metadata and data files, providing md5 and sha256 checksums.

Github repository: https://github.com/ISA-tools/PXD017710

The inequities of the COVID-19 pandemic were clear by April 2020 when data showed that despite being just 3.5% of the population in England, Black people comprised 5.8% of those who died from the virus; whereas White people, comprising 85.3% of the population, were 73.6% of those who died. The disproportionate impact continued with, for example, over-policing: 32% of stop and search in the year ending March 2021 were of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) males aged 15-34, despite them being just 2.6% of the population.

The emergency measures introduced to govern the pandemic worked together to create a damaging cycle affecting Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic families and communities of all ages. Key-workers – often stopped by police on their way to provide essential services – could not furlough or work from home to avoid infection, nor support their children in home-schooling. Children in high-occupancy homes lacked adequate space and/ or equipment to learn; such homes also lacked leisure space for key workers to restore themselves after extended hours at work. Over-policing instilled fear across the generations and deterred BAME people – including the mobile elderly - from leaving crowded homes for legitimate exercise, and those that did faced the risk of receiving a Fixed Penalty Notice and a criminal record.

These insights arose from research by Co-POWeR into the synergistic effects of emergency measures on policing, child welfare, caring, physical activity and nutrition. Using community engagement, a survey with 1000 participants and interviews, focus groups, participatory workshops and community testimony days with over 400 people in total, we explored the combined impact of COVID-19 and discrimination on wellbeing and resilience across BAME FC in the UK. This policy note crystallises our findings into a framework of recommendations relating to arts and media communications, systems and structures, community and individual well-being and resilience. We promote long term actions rather than short term reactions.

In brief, we conclude that ignoring race, gender and class when tackling a pandemic can undermine not only wellbeing across Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic families and communities (BAME FC) but also their levels of trust in government. A framework to protect wellbeing and resilience in BAME FC during public health emergencies was developed by Co-POWeR to ensure that laws and guidance adopted are culturally competent.

Two viruses - COVID-19 and discrimination - are currently killing in the UK (Solanke 2020), especially within BAMEFC who are hardest hit. Survivors face ongoing damage to wellbeing and resilience, in terms of physical and mental health as well as social, cultural and economic (non-medical) consequences. Psychosocial (ADCS 2020; The Children's Society 2020)/ physical trauma of those diseased and deceased, disproportionate job-loss (Hu 2020) multigenerational housing, disrupted care chains (Rai 2016) lack of access to culture, education and exercise, poor nutrition, 'over-policing' (BigBrotherWatch 2020) hit BAMEFC severely. Local 'lockdowns' illustrate how easily BAMEFC become subject to stigmatization and discrimination through 'mis-infodemics' (IOM 2020). The impact of these viruses cause long-term poor outcomes. While systemic deficiencies have stimulated BAMEFC agency, producing solidarity under emergency, BAMEFC vulnerability remains, requiring official support. The issues are complex thus we focus on the interlinked and 'intersectional nature of forms of exclusion and disadvantage', operationalised through the idea of a 'cycle of wellbeing and resilience' (CWAR) which recognises how COVID-19 places significant stress upon BAMEFC structures and the impact of COVID-19 and discrimination on different BAMEFC cohorts across the UK, in whose lives existing health inequalities are compounded by a myriad of structural inequalities. Given the prevalence of multi-generational households, BAMEFC are likely to experience these as a complex of jostling over-lapping stressors: over-policed unemployed young adults are more likely to live with keyworkers using public transport to attend jobs in the front line, serving elders as formal/informal carers, neglecting their health thus exacerbating co-morbidities and struggling to feed children who are unable to attend school, resulting in nutritional and digital deprivation. Historical research shows race/class dimensions to national emergencies (e.g. Hurricane Katrina) but most research focuses on the COVID-19 experience of white families/communities. Co-POWeR recommendations will emerge from culturally and racially sensitive social science research on wellbeing and resilience providing context as an essential strand for the success of biomedical and policy interventions (e.g. vaccines, mass testing). We will enhance official decision-making through strengthening cultural competence in ongoing responses to COVID-19 thereby...

This research project mapped and monitored responses to household food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, governments, local authorities, charities and local communities worked to ensure access to food for those facing new risks of food insecurity due to being unable to go out for food or due to income losses arising from the crisis. New schemes were developed, such as governments replacing incomes of people at risk of unemployment on account of lockdowns, providing food parcels for people asked to shield, referrals for people to receive voluntary help with grocery shopping, and free school meals replacement vouchers or cash transfers. These worked alongside existing provision for those unable to afford food – such as food banks – which have been adapting their services to continue to meet increasing demand from a range of population groups. This resulted in a complex set of support structures which developed and changed as the COVID-19 pandemic, and its impacts, evolved.

About the project

The project was funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) through the UKRI Ideas to Address COVID-19 grant call and ran for two years from July 2020. The research aimed to provide collaborative monitoring and analysis of food support systems to inform food access policy and practice. The research team was led by the University of Sheffield and King’s College London alongside colleagues from Sustain: the alliance for better food and farming and Church Action on Poverty. Full details of the team are below. Collaboration with partners and stakeholders was at the heart of the project. The research team worked with stakeholders from national and local government, the civil service, third sector, NGOs as well as people who were accessing food and financial assistance during the pandemic.

The End of project summary of key findings were published in August 2022. Details of the workpackages and research reports can be found below.

Project work packages

Work package 1: National level food access systems mapping and monitoring

Looking at food access support across the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic, national level mapping and monitoring was undertaken in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales as well as at a UK level. National level stakeholders (for example from devolved governments and national voluntary organisations) from across the four nations worked with us to understand and monitor how support for food access has operated and evolved across the UK.

Work package 1 publications: Mapping responses to the risk of rising food insecurity during the COVID-19 crisis across the UK (published August 2020) Monitoring responses to the risk of rising food insecurity during the COVID-19 crisis across the UK (published December 2020) Mapping and monitoring responses to the risk of rising food insecurity during the COVID-19 crisis across the UK - Autumn 2020 to Summer 2021 (published August 2022)

Work package 2: Participatory Policy Panel

To fully understand food access responses, it was crucial to hear directly from those with lived experience of food insecurity during the pandemic. In partnership with Church Action on Poverty, we convened a participatory policy panel made up of people who have direct experience of a broad range of support to access food. Meeting regularly throughout the project (Oct 2020-Dec 2021), the panel used a range of participatory and creative methods to share and reflect on their experiences and contribute these to policy recommendations.

Work package 2 publications: Navigating Storms (published October 2021) Food Experiences During COVID-19 Participatory Panel Deliberative Policy Engagement (published August 2022) Food Experiences During COVID-19 - Participatory Methods in Practice: Key Learning (published August 2022)

Work package 3: Local area case studies

Fourteen local areas across the UK were the focus for more in depth case study research. Working with local stakeholders in each area, the research mapped what local responses looked like and how they operated. The research followed the developments in these areas throughout the duration of the project.

Work package 3 publications: Comparing local responses to household food insecurity during COVID-19 across the UK (March – August 2020) – Executive Summary (published July 2021) Comparing local responses to household food insecurity during COVID-19 across the UK (March – August 2020) (published July 2021). Eight local case study reports covering responses in those areas between March and August 2020: Argyll and Bute, Belfast, Cardiff, Derry and Strabane, Herefordshire, Moray, Swansea, West Berkshire (published July 2021). Local Area Case Studies – Methodological Appendix (published July 2021) Local responses to household food insecurity during COVID-19 across the UK (March – August 2020): Full report (published July 2021) Local responses to household food insecurity across the UK...

The dataset is a collection of data undertaken by the members of Work Package 2 (WP2), of the ASPIRE COVID-19 project, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), as part of UK Research and Innovation’s rapid response to COVID-19 [grant number ES/V004581/1]. This dataset contains interviews (n=26) with leads (stakeholders in maternal and neonatal care) in relevant national governmental, professional, and service user organisations in the UK . The dataset contains 26 anonymised semi-structured interviews – transcribed (UK only).

*Interview Schedule: A detailed interview schedule including an introduction and reiterate key information was used. Interviews were started with an opening question regarding participants views on the most important issues for maternity and neonatal care provision that have come out of COVID-19. Then participants were asked about changes/adaptations to service delivery, decision making processes, communication and implementation, impact, barriers and facilitators, and recommendations and sustainability.

File description: STUDY NAME_WORK PACKAGE NUMBER_PARTICIPANT NUMBER_COUNTRY (e.g. ASPIRE_WP2_S1_UK)

UK policy is for safe, personalised maternity care. However, during COVID-19 tests and visits have been reduced in some places, and some women with worrying symptoms are not going to hospital. Other places are trying new solutions, including remote access technologies. Some Trusts have reduced community maternity services, including home and birthcentre births; barred birth companions in early labour; and separated mothers, babies, and partners during labour, and in neonatal units. There are reports of women giving birth at home without professional help, possibly due to fear of infection, or of family separation. In contrast, the Netherlands has a policy of increased community maternity services during COVID-19. We want to find out how best to provide care for mothers, babies, and partners during and after a pandemic. We will look at what documents and national leads say about service organisation in the UK and the Netherlands, and at women's and parents experiences. We will also look in detail at what happened in 8 UK Trusts during the pandemic. We will find out how their services have been organised during COVID-19, what parents and staff think, and what the outcomes are, including infections. We will then share the findings with key stakeholders to agree a final organisational model that can be used to ensure safe, personalised routine and crisis maternity care, now, and in future. This will include useful resources and links relating to innovative best practices that we find out about during the study.

Occupational registration data was linked to anonymised electronic health records maintained by the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank in a privacy-protecting trusted research environment. We examined records for all linked care workers from 1st March 2016 to 30th November 2021.

Domiciliary Care Workers (DCWs) are employed in both public and private sectors to support adults at home. The support they provide varies but often includes personal care, which demands close contact between care worker and the person being supported. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, people working across the care sectors in England and Wales have experienced higher rates of death involving COVID-19 infection. Social care workers, in both residential and domiciliary care settings, have been particularly badly affected, with rates of death involving COVID-19 approximately double that for health care workers.

We do not fully understand the full impact on domiciliary care worker mortality, how COVID-19 has affected worker health more broadly, and the risk factors which contribute to these. Existing evidence on deaths from the ONS relies on occupational classification. However, for many individuals reported as dying with some COVID-19 involvement, information on occupation is missing (18% and 40% missing for males and females respectively). The impact of COVID-19 on the health of domiciliary care workers (DCWs) is therefore likely to be considerable, including on COVID-19 infection itself, mental health, and respiratory illnesses. We aim to generate rapid high-quality evidence based on the views of care workers and by linking care workers' registration data to routine health data. We can use this information to inform public health interventions for safer working practice and additional support for care workers.

Our study will use a combination of research methods. We will use existing administrative data involving carer professional registration records as well as health care records. Our analysis of these data will be guided in part by qualitative interviews that we will conduct with domiciliary care workers in Wales. The interviews will address the experiences of care workers during the course of the pandemic.

Registration data for care workers in Wales will be securely transferred from the regulatory body, Social Care Wales (SCW) to the Secured Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank at Swansea University. These data will be combined with anonymised health records made available from the SAIL databank. Information which could be used to identify individual care workers will be removed in this process. We expect that this will create a research database of all domiciliary care workers in Wales, approximately 17,000 individuals. From this group we will also identify about 30 care workers to be approached via SCW to take part in a qualitative interview. The interview sample will be chosen so that it includes workers from a variety of backgrounds.

In our analysis, we will describe the socio-demographic characteristics of the group of care workers in the research database, for example, their average age. We will establish the number of care workers with both suspected and confirmed COVID-19 infection. Will explore how infection with COVID-19 has impacted on key health outcomes, including whether workers were admitted to hospital or died. We will also explore the health of care workers before and during COVID-19 pandemic. We will use the information gained from interviews with care workers to guide the way we analyse the health records of the care workers. Finally, we will examine how well the results from our analysis of care workers in Wales can be used inform what may be happening for workers in other countries in the UK.

To ensure that our findings will be of most use to those working in social care, we will work with an Implementation Reference Group. The group will include key stakeholders such as representatives from regulators from across the UK. Working with this group, we will provide rapid recommendations to drive public health initiatives for care worker safety. This may include changes in working practices and longer-term service planning to support care worker health needs.

COVID-19 and COVID-related decisions are having significant impacts on children and adults vulnerable to, and already experiencing, the crime of forced marriage. This mixed-methods project aimed to chart and understand this impact, inform evaluation of the UK's response to COVID-19, and shape on-going policy regarding the UK's pandemic response. This data includes the questions for and responses to a survey of staff at a national helpline for victims of forced marriage. It also includes visualisations of the data made for the published report.

COVID-19 and COVID-related decisions are having significant impacts on children and adults vulnerable to, and already experiencing, the crime of forced marriage. Our mixed-methods project will chart and understand this impact, inform evaluation of the UK's response to COVID-19, and shape on-going policy regarding the UK's pandemic response. We consider the uneven economic and social impact of the pandemic, and the ethical dimensions of unequal impacts of COVID-related decision-making, on this vulnerable group, and seek to impact how civil society and the voluntary sector support vulnerable people.

The government's Forced Marriage Unit (FMU) and the charity Karma Nirvana (KN) (which provides a national forced marriage helpline) have warned about the significant impact of the pandemic on forced marriage in the UK. We designed this project with both organisations, and will work with them to analyse quantitative and qualitative data about the impact of COVID-19 on those at risk of, or experiencing, forced marriage; and to record and analyse the challenges faced in the pandemic, evaluate the efficacy of mitigation strategies, and formulate new policies and practises for protection and response.

Within the first 6 months, we will have co-created an accurate account of the economic and social impact of COVID-19 and COVID-related decision-making on victims of forced marriage, and the ethical implications of unequal impacts. We will then continue to chart the changing risk environment, while co-developing policy reports and recommendations for the UK government (including FMU), NGO practice responses (including KN), and other stakeholders, to improve the on-going response to COVID-19 and build community resilience.

Additional file 4.