The New York Times is releasing a series of data files with cumulative counts of coronavirus cases in the United States, at the state and county level, over time. We are compiling this time series data from state and local governments and health departments in an attempt to provide a complete record of the ongoing outbreak.

Since late January, The Times has tracked cases of coronavirus in real time as they were identified after testing. Because of the widespread shortage of testing, however, the data is necessarily limited in the picture it presents of the outbreak.

We have used this data to power our maps and reporting tracking the outbreak, and it is now being made available to the public in response to requests from researchers, scientists and government officials who would like access to the data to better understand the outbreak.

The data begins with the first reported coronavirus case in Washington State on Jan. 21, 2020. We will publish regular updates to the data in this repository.

The COVID-19 dashboard includes data on city/town COVID-19 activity, confirmed and probable cases of COVID-19, confirmed and probable deaths related to COVID-19, and the demographic characteristics of cases and deaths.

After entering Italy, the coronavirus (COVID-19) spread fast. The strict lockdown implemented by the government during the Spring 2020 helped to slow down the outbreak. However, the country had to face four new harsh waves of contagion. As of January 1, 2025, the total number of cases reported by the authorities reached over 26.9 million. The north of the country was mostly hit, and the region with the highest number of cases was Lombardy, which registered almost 4.4 million of them. The north-eastern region of Veneto and the southern region of Campania followed in the list. When adjusting these figures for the population size of each region, however, the picture changed, with the region of Veneto being the area where the virus had the highest relative incidence. Coronavirus in Italy Italy has been among the countries most impacted by the coronavirus outbreak. Moreover, the number of deaths due to coronavirus recorded in Italy is significantly high, making it one of the countries with the highest fatality rates worldwide, especially in the first stages of the pandemic. In particular, a very high mortality rate was recorded among patients aged 80 years or older. Impact on the economy The lockdown imposed during the Spring 2020, and other measures taken in the following months to contain the pandemic, forced many businesses to shut their doors and caused industrial production to slow down significantly. As a result, consumption fell, with the sectors most severely hit being hospitality and tourism, air transport, and automotive. Several predictions about the evolution of the global economy were published at the beginning of the pandemic, based on different scenarios about the development of the pandemic. According to the official results, it appeared that the coronavirus outbreak had caused Italy’s GDP to shrink by approximately nine percent in 2020.

The COVID-19 pandemic spurred significant growth in wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for COVID-19 surveillance, transforming it from a niche research area to a crucial public health tool. The market, while experiencing a surge during the peak pandemic years, is now transitioning into a more sustainable phase characterized by ongoing monitoring and integration into broader public health infrastructure. While precise market figures for the period 2019-2024 are unavailable, it's reasonable to estimate a substantial increase from a smaller base in 2019 to a significantly larger market size in 2024, reflecting the rapid adoption of WBE during the pandemic's height. Factors driving market growth include the increasing need for early warning systems for outbreaks, cost-effectiveness compared to individual testing, and the ability to monitor large populations non-invasively. However, challenges remain including standardization of methods, data interpretation, and the need for robust laboratory infrastructure and skilled personnel. The market is segmented based on technology used (e.g., PCR, RT-qPCR), type of service (e.g., testing, data analysis), and end-user (e.g., government agencies, research institutions). Major players such as Zymo Research, Bio-Rad, and others are actively developing and deploying improved technologies and services to cater to evolving market demands. The future of the COVID-19 wastewater testing market hinges on its integration into routine public health surveillance. While the initial pandemic-driven surge in demand may have plateaued, the long-term outlook remains positive, albeit with a more moderate growth rate. Ongoing investment in research and development, coupled with government initiatives promoting WBE for broader infectious disease surveillance, will sustain market growth. The market is likely to see increased adoption of advanced technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS) for enhanced pathogen detection and identification. Furthermore, the development of standardized protocols and data-sharing platforms will be crucial for fostering wider adoption and ensuring the reliability and comparability of results across different regions and laboratories. Despite challenges related to funding and regulatory hurdles, the demonstrable value of WBE in providing early warning of disease outbreaks will drive sustained market growth throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). We can project a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of around 8-10% for the forecast period, reflecting a balanced consideration of market maturity and continued demand.

As of April 7, 2022, 416 people in Singapore were hospitalized due to COVID-19. Out of these, 44 cases required oxygen supplementation, while 15 in the ICU. To date, 1,290 deaths have so far been attributed to COVID-19.

State of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Singapore As of February 2, 2022, Singapore had registered more than 362 thousand confirmed cases of COVID-19. Despite having an 88 percent COVID-19 vaccination rate, the country has been going through a surge in COVID-19 infections now caused by the highly-contagious Omicron variant. This has led to delays in its plans to reopen the country for a 'return to normal'.

Gradual return to normalcy? Due to the current increase in COVID-19 infections, Singapore has pushed back plans to remove the restrictions imposed to control the pandemic, with the Prime Minister estimating that it would be another three to six months before the 'new normal' could begin. This was to prevent the healthcare system from being overstressed. While vaccination rates remain high, hospitalization rates have increased, with the majority of those hospitalized being unvaccinated.

Singapore is currently one out of more than 200 countries and territories battling the novel coronavirus. For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

The Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) kits market is experiencing robust growth, driven primarily by the increasing prevalence of infectious diseases, the rising demand for rapid and accurate diagnostic tools, and advancements in molecular diagnostic technologies. The market, estimated at $15 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated $27 billion by 2033. Key applications fueling this expansion include COVID-19 detection (which experienced a surge in demand but is now stabilizing), influenza virus detection, reproductive health testing, and cancer detection. Technological advancements, particularly in fluorescent PCR and thermostatic amplification chip technologies, are contributing to improved test accuracy, speed, and portability. The market is segmented geographically, with North America and Europe currently holding significant market share due to robust healthcare infrastructure and high adoption rates of advanced diagnostic techniques. However, emerging markets in Asia-Pacific, particularly China and India, are expected to witness substantial growth in the coming years due to increasing healthcare spending and rising awareness of infectious diseases. Competitive forces are shaping the market landscape, with companies such as Roche, Seegene, and Everlywell leading in innovation and market share. Despite the promising outlook, the NAT kits market faces certain restraints. These include the high cost of testing, regulatory hurdles for new product approvals, and the need for skilled personnel to operate sophisticated equipment. However, ongoing technological advancements, decreasing equipment costs, and increasing government initiatives aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure are expected to mitigate these challenges. The market is witnessing a shift towards point-of-care testing (POCT) devices, offering faster results and improved accessibility, especially in remote areas. This trend, coupled with the continued development of more sensitive and specific NAT kits, will drive further growth and market penetration in the years to come. The continued emergence of novel infectious diseases also presents both a challenge and an opportunity for the market, necessitating continuous development of new and versatile testing solutions.

The global medical masks market exhibits robust growth, driven by increasing healthcare expenditure, rising prevalence of infectious diseases, and stringent government regulations mandating mask usage in healthcare settings and public spaces. The market's expansion is further fueled by technological advancements leading to the development of more comfortable, effective, and specialized masks, catering to diverse needs across various applications. While the market experienced significant surge during the COVID-19 pandemic, a period of stabilization is now observed, with continued growth projected based on sustained demand from healthcare providers and increasing public awareness of respiratory health. Competition remains intense, with established players like 3M, Honeywell, and Kimberly-Clark alongside numerous smaller manufacturers vying for market share. Future growth will likely be influenced by factors such as the emergence of new viral threats, evolving regulatory landscapes, and continuous innovation in mask materials and designs. The market is segmented based on mask type (N95, surgical, etc.), material, and end-user (healthcare, industrial, consumer). Regional variations in market size reflect differing levels of healthcare infrastructure, disease prevalence, and regulatory stringency. Developing economies present a substantial growth opportunity due to rising disposable incomes and increased awareness of health and hygiene. The forecast period (2025-2033) anticipates continued growth in the medical masks market, although at a more moderate pace than the pandemic-driven surge. Innovation will be crucial for companies seeking a competitive advantage. The focus will shift towards advanced filtration technologies, improved comfort features, and sustainable manufacturing processes. Consolidation within the industry is also anticipated, with larger players potentially acquiring smaller companies to expand their product portfolios and market reach. Pricing pressures and fluctuating raw material costs could pose challenges, impacting profitability and requiring efficient supply chain management strategies. The market's long-term success depends on addressing these challenges while adapting to ever-changing consumer and regulatory demands. We can expect continued growth due to the sustained need for personal protective equipment across the healthcare sector and general population.

The global Type IIR surgical mask market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing healthcare expenditure, rising prevalence of infectious diseases, and stringent regulatory frameworks mandating personal protective equipment (PPE) usage in healthcare settings. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $5 billion, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8% from 2025 to 2033. This growth trajectory is fueled by several key trends, including the increasing adoption of advanced filtration technologies within masks, a growing preference for disposable masks over reusable alternatives, and the expanding demand from emerging economies. Furthermore, the rise in surgical procedures and the increasing awareness of infection control protocols significantly contribute to the market's expansion. While supply chain disruptions and fluctuating raw material prices pose certain restraints, the long-term outlook remains positive due to ongoing technological advancements and the sustained need for effective infection prevention. The market segmentation includes various factors such as material type (meltblown, spunbond), design (folded, pleated), and end-user (hospitals, clinics, ambulatory surgical centers). Leading players, including 3M, Akzenta, Asid Bonz, BSN medical, Dach Schutzbekleidung, Makrite, Medi Dent Disposable International, and Medibase, are actively engaged in product innovation and strategic partnerships to enhance their market share. Geographic expansion into high-growth regions remains a key strategy, with Asia-Pacific expected to witness substantial growth owing to the rising population and increasing healthcare infrastructure development. The historical period (2019-2024) reflects a market significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, with a surge in demand that is now stabilizing into a more predictable, albeit still growing, market. The forecast period (2025-2033) projects a steady market expansion driven by the factors outlined above.

The global market for non-woven fabrics used in mask production is experiencing robust growth, driven primarily by the ongoing demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) and the increasing awareness of hygiene and infection control. While the initial surge in demand was triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, the market is now consolidating and transitioning to a more stable, albeit elevated, level. Factors such as rising healthcare expenditure, increasing prevalence of respiratory illnesses, and stricter regulations regarding workplace safety are sustaining this growth trajectory. The market is segmented by application (surgical masks, N95 respirators, industrial protective masks, and others) and by type of non-woven fabric (melt-blown, hydrophobic, and soft absorbent). Melt-blown nonwovens dominate the market due to their superior filtration capabilities. The Asia-Pacific region, particularly China and India, holds a significant market share owing to large populations, extensive manufacturing capabilities, and increasing disposable incomes. North America and Europe also represent substantial markets, fueled by stringent regulatory frameworks and robust healthcare infrastructure. Competition in the market is intense, with both established players like Kimberly-Clark and Toray, and emerging regional manufacturers vying for market share. Future growth will be influenced by advancements in non-woven fabric technology, focusing on enhanced filtration efficiency, breathability, and comfort, alongside the increasing adoption of sustainable and biodegradable materials. The market is projected to maintain a steady CAGR (let's assume a conservative 7% based on post-pandemic market stabilization and continued growth in related sectors) over the forecast period (2025-2033). While challenges exist, including fluctuations in raw material prices and potential economic downturns, the long-term outlook remains positive. Innovation in non-woven fabric technology, particularly in areas like antimicrobial properties and enhanced comfort, will be key differentiators in this competitive landscape. Government initiatives promoting public health and workplace safety regulations also contribute significantly to continued market expansion. The focus is shifting towards higher-quality, specialized non-woven fabrics, catering to specific needs across various applications, creating opportunities for market participants to develop niche products and services.

Before the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, 17 percent of U.S. employees worked from home 5 days or more per week, a share that increased to 44 percent during the pandemic. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the remote working trend, as quarantines and lockdowns made commuting and working in an office close to impossible for millions around the world. Remote work, also called telework or working from home (WFH), provided a solution, with employees performing their roles away from the office supported by specialized technology, eliminating the commute to an office to remain connected with colleagues and clients. What enables working from home?

To enable remote work, employees rely on a remote work arrangements that enable hybrid work and make it safe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Technology supporting remote work including laptops saw a surge in demand, video conferencing companies such as Zoom jumped in value, and employers had to consider new communication techniques and resources. Is remote work the future of work?

The response to COVID-19 has demonstrated that hybrid work models are not necessarily an impediment to productivity. For this reason, there is a general consensus that different remote work models will persist post-COVID-19. Many employers see benefits to flexible working arrangements, including positive results on employee wellness surveys, and potentially reducing office space. Many employees also plan on working from home more often, with 25 percent of respondents to a recent survey expecting remote work as a benefit of employment. As a result, it is of utmost importance to acknowledge any issues that may arise in this context to empower a hybrid workforce and ensure a smooth transition to more flexible work models.

Pandemic Risk Insurance Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global pandemic risk insurance market size reached USD 17.4 billion in 2024, reflecting a robust response to the increasing awareness of pandemic-related risks across industries. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 14.8% from 2025 to 2033, reaching a value of approximately USD 50.1 billion by the end of the forecast period. The primary growth factor for this market is the heightened demand for comprehensive insurance solutions that protect businesses, governments, and individuals from the severe financial impacts of pandemics, as demonstrated by the global disruptions caused by COVID-19.

The growth of the pandemic risk insurance market is driven by the increasing frequency and financial severity of global health crises. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed significant vulnerabilities in business continuity and public health systems, underscoring the necessity for specialized insurance products that address pandemic-induced losses. Businesses across all sectors are now prioritizing risk management strategies that include pandemic coverage, leading to a surge in demand for business interruption, event cancellation, and health & life insurance policies tailored to pandemic scenarios. The growing awareness among corporates, SMEs, and public sector entities about the importance of risk transfer mechanisms has further fueled market expansion, with insurers innovating new products to meet these evolving needs.

Another significant growth driver is the increasing involvement of both private insurers and government-backed entities in offering pandemic risk coverage. Private insurance companies are collaborating with reinsurers and leveraging advanced analytics to better assess and price pandemic risks, while governments are introducing public-private partnerships and backstop mechanisms to enhance market capacity. This dual approach is helping to bridge the protection gap and ensure that a wider range of stakeholders, from large corporates to individuals, have access to affordable and comprehensive pandemic insurance solutions. The development of innovative distribution channels, such as online platforms and bancassurance, is also making pandemic risk insurance more accessible, further supporting market growth.

The expansion of digital infrastructure and the adoption of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence and big data analytics, are transforming the underwriting and claims management processes in the pandemic risk insurance market. Insurers are now able to model pandemic scenarios with greater accuracy, enabling more precise risk assessment and pricing. This technological evolution is not only improving operational efficiency but also enhancing customer experience by enabling faster policy issuance and claims settlement. As a result, both insurers and policyholders are increasingly confident in the value proposition of pandemic risk insurance, which is accelerating market penetration across various end-user segments.

Regionally, North America has established itself as the dominant market for pandemic risk insurance, accounting for the largest share in 2024, followed closely by Europe and the Asia Pacific. The mature insurance landscape, strong regulatory frameworks, and high awareness levels among businesses and individuals have contributed to the rapid adoption of pandemic risk insurance in these regions. However, emerging markets in Asia Pacific and Latin America are expected to exhibit the fastest growth rates over the forecast period, driven by increasing economic development, urbanization, and the rising need for risk mitigation solutions in the face of recurring health emergencies. The Middle East & Africa region is also witnessing gradual market development, supported by government initiatives and international collaborations to strengthen pandemic preparedness and resilience.

Coverage Type Analysis

The coverage type segment in the pandemic risk insurance m