Brazil is the Latin American country affected the most by the COVID-19 pandemic. As of July 2024, the country had reported around 38 million cases. It was followed by Argentina, with approximately ten million confirmed cases of COVID-19. In total, the region had registered more than 83 million diagnosed patients, as well as a growing number of fatal COVID-19 cases. The research marathon Normally, the development of vaccines takes years of research and testing until options are available to the general public. However, with an alarming and threatening situation as that of the COVID-19 pandemic, scientists quickly got on board in a vaccine marathon to develop a safe and effective way to prevent and control the spread of the virus in record time. Over two years after the first cases were reported, the world had around 1,521 drugs and vaccines targeting the COVID-19 disease. As of June 2022, a total of 39 candidates were already launched and countries all over the world had started negotiations and acquisition of the vaccine, along with immunization campaigns. COVID vaccination rates in Latin America As immunization against the spread of the disease continues to progress, regional disparities in vaccination coverage persist. While Brazil, Argentina, and Mexico were among the Latin American nations with the most COVID-19 cases, those that administered the highest number of COVID-19 doses per 100 population are Cuba, Chile, and Peru. Leading the vaccination coverage in the region is the Caribbean nation, with more than 406 COVID-19 vaccines administered per every 100 inhabitants as of January 5, 2024.For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

As of July 28, 2024, nearly 1.8 million people have died due COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean. The country with the highest number was Brazil, reporting around 700,000 deaths. As a result of the pandemic, Brazil's GDP was forecast to decline by approximately six percent in 2020. Meanwhile, Mexico ranked second in number of deaths, with approximately 335 thousand occurrences. For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

This dataset comprises initiatives from civil society organizations to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in 18 countries in Latin America. This dataset complements the "LATINNO Dataset on Democratic Innovations in Latin America" and the "Collective Intelligence Initiatives against COVID-19 in Latin America Dataset", which only include cases that fulfill three criteria: direct citizen participation, design able to impact on policy cycle, and aim to enhance democracy. Case descriptions are provided only in Spanish and Portuguese. Content Analysis

As of April 2021, Mexico's gross domestic product (GDP) was forecasted to increase by five percent during 2021. Mexico was one of the Latin American countries that faced the worst recession after the COVID-19 pandemic, as its GDP fell over eight percent in 2020. Among the biggest economies in the region, Brazil was expected to experience one of the lowest GDP growth in 2021, at around 3.7 percent.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

This data package includes the underlying data files to replicate the data, tables, and charts presented in Rare macroeconomic disasters and lost decades in Latin America: The COVID-19 experience in a historical context, PIIE Working Paper 23-7.

If you use the data, please cite as: Ursúa, José F., and Alejandro Werner. 2023. Rare macroeconomic disasters and lost decades in Latin America: The COVID-19 experience in a historical context. PIIE Working Paper 23-7. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Brazil is the country with the largest number of coronavirus (COVID-19) cases in Latin America. As of February 26, 2020 only one infection had been reported in Brazil. By August 19, 2021, the figure had exceeded 20 million. São Paulo is the state with the largest number of patients in the South American country.

BackgroundThe Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) region has been one of the regions most affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with countries presenting some of the highest numbers of cases and deaths from this disease in the world. Despite this, vaccination intention is not homogeneous in the region, and no study has evaluated the influence of the mass media on vaccination intention. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the use of mass media to learn about COVID-19 and the non-intention of vaccination against COVID-19 in LAC countries.MethodsAn analysis of secondary data from a Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) survey was conducted in collaboration with Facebook on people's beliefs, behaviors, and norms regarding COVID-19. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated to evaluate the association between the use of mass media and non-vaccination intention using generalized linear models of the Poisson family with logarithmic link.ResultsA total of 350,322 Facebook users over the age of 18 from LAC countries were included. 50.0% were men, 28.4% were between 18 and 30 years old, 41.4% had a high school education level, 86.1% lived in the city and 34.4% reported good health condition. The prevalence of using the mass media to learn about COVID-19 was mostly through mixed media (65.8%). The non-intention of vaccination was 10.8%. A higher prevalence of not intending to be vaccinated against COVID-19 was found in those who used traditional media (aPR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.29–1.44; p < 0.001) and digital media (aPR = 1.70; 95%CI: 1.24–2.33; p = 0.003) compared to those using mixed media.ConclusionWe found an association between the type of mass media used to learn about COVID-19 and the non-intention of vaccination. The use of only traditional or digital information sources were associated with a higher probability of non-intention to vaccinate compared to the use of both sources.

Epidemiological and hospital indicators on covid-19 in Minas Gerais, by health macro-region

Peru is the country with the highest mortality rate due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Latin America. As of November 13, 2023, the country registered over 672 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants. It was followed by Brazil, with around 331.5 fatal cases per 100,000 population. In total, over 1.76 million people have died due to COVID-19 in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Are these figures accurate? Although countries like Brazil already rank among the countries most affected by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), there is still room to believe that the number of cases and deaths in Latin American countries are underreported. The main reason is the relatively low number of tests performed in the region. For example, Brazil, one of the most impacted countries in the world, has performed approximately 63.7 million tests as of December 22, 2022. This compared with over one billion tests performed in the United States, approximately 909 million tests completed in India, or around 522 million tests carried out in the United Kingdom.

Capacity to deal with the outbreak With the spread of the Omicron variant, the COVID-19 pandemic is putting health systems around the world under serious pressure. The lack of equipment to treat acute cases, for instance, is one of the problems affecting Latin American countries. In 2019, the number of ventilators in hospitals in the most affected countries ranged from 25.23 per 100,000 inhabitants in Brazil to 5.12 per 100,000 people in Peru.

For further information about the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, please visit our dedicated Facts and Figures page.

Online interest in countries of Latin America and The Caribbean regarding COVID-19 and related topics.

The COVID-19 pandemic has gravely impacted Latin America. A model was tested that evaluated the contribution of socio-demographic factors and fear of COVID-19 on anxiety and depression in samples of residents in seven Latin American countries (Argentina, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Uruguay, Colombia, and El Salvador). A total of 4,881 individuals, selected by convenience sampling, participated in the study. Moderate and severe levels of depressive symptoms and anxiety were identified, as well as a moderate average level of fear of COVID-19. In addition, it was observed that about a quarter of the participants presented symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and a major depressive episode. Fear of COVID-19 significantly and positively predicted anxiety and depressive symptoms, whereas the effects of socio-demographic variables are generally low [χ2(287) = 5936.96, p < 0.001; RMSEA = 0.064 [0.062, 0.065]; CFI = 0.947; and SRMR = 0.050]. This suggests the need for the implementation of preventive actions in the general population of these countries, with the aim of reducing the prevalence of depressive, anxious and fearful symptoms related to COVID-19.

Amidst school closures, part of distancing measures implemented by governments aimed at limiting the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, countries in Latin America and the Caribbean have chosen different formats when it comes to distance learning. According to a survey carried out in May and June 2020, 84 percent of the 30 countries analized in the region had chosen the internet as one of their distance education delivery systems. The second most popular choice was paper, used by 67 percent of surveyed countries.

Brazil, the Latin American country with the largest number of COVID-19 infections in the region, had performed around 63.8 million tests for coronavirus (COVID-19) as of April13, 2024. Chile followed with more than 50 million tests completed by that time. Meanwhile, the United States was the nation that performed the highest number of tests for SARS-CoV-2 among the most impacted countries worldwide.

Assumptions on age-specific COVID-19 infection fatality rates (fx).

This study investigates a novel dataset comprised of a universe of 537 donations in 33 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, between February 11 and June 20, 2020, which provides a high level of detail on China’s and Taiwan’s mask diplomacy. We describe who the main donors were, who the main recipients were, what was donated to each country, and which variables explain why some countries received more aid than the others. Drawing on previous literature, the article advances understanding about the political determinants of these donations. Our findings revealed that, although seemingly uncoordinated, donations made by China's central government, Chinese companies, cities, and foundations were strongly affected by two political determinants, namely the recipient’s partnership status with China and the One China Policy. Furthermore, aid provided by China’s Central Government was larger in autocracies than in democracies.

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that the pandemic impact on mental health could vary according to gender. We aimed to evaluate the gender influence in the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) countries in the first stage of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis employing the Facebook–COVID-19 Symptom Survey developed by the University of Maryland. We categorized gender as men, women, and non-binary. The outcomes were the presence of anxiety or depressive symptoms, measured with two adapted questions extracted from the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). We used generalized linear models from the Poisson family, considering the survey's complex sampling. We calculated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and explored interactions with gender using the adjusted Wald test.ResultsWe included 1,338,320 adults from LAC countries; 48.0, 50.6, and 1.4% were men, women, and non-binary participants, respectively. The overall prevalence of anxiety or depressive symptoms was 44.8 and 46.6%, respectively. We found interactions between gender and the rest of the independent variables. In the non-binary group, the association between age and anxiety symptomatology was lost after an age of 55 years. Furthermore, whereas living in a town was associated with a lower prevalence of anxiety and depression symptomatology in men and women, this did not happen among non-binary individuals. Compliance with physical distancing was associated with a lower prevalence of anxiety and depression symptomatology among women (anxiety: PRa = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.97–0.99; p < 0.001, depression: PRa = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.95–0.97; p < 0.001) and only anxiety in non-binary participants (anxiety: PRa = 0.92; 95% CI = 0.88–0.98; p = 0.005). This was not evidenced among men participants (anxiety: PRa = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.96–1.01; p = 0.199, depression: PRa = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.96–1.00; p = 0.084). In addition, compliance with handwashing was associated with a higher prevalence of anxiety symptomatology among men (PRa = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.05–1.11; p < 0.001) and women participants (PRa = 1.03; 95% CI = 1.01–1.05; p = 0.016).ConclusionApproximately 4 out of 10 participants had anxiety or depressive symptoms. Women and non-binary gender people had more symptoms of anxiety or depression. The factors associated with these symptoms varied according to gender. It is essential to evaluate gender-related strategies to improve mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Sociodemographic, educational, and work characteristics of the sample (n = 2,113).

For more information about the datasets and the analysis of them please contact the authors.

According to recent estimates, the most affected sectors by the coronavirus pandemic in Latin America would be wholesale and retail trade as well as services in general, such as tourism, foodservice, transport, and communications. In 2020, this group of most affected sectors was forecasted to represent more than 16 percent of Brazil’s gross domestic product (GDP). Among the countries shown in this graph, Brazil is the nation where sectors moderately affected by the pandemic could represent the highest contribution to GDP (75.8 percent).

Which Latin American economies were most vulnerable to the pandemic? In 2020, the economic sectors most affected by the coronavirus pandemic - wholesale and retail, hotels and restaurants, transport and services in general - were forecasted to account for 35.5 percent of Panama’s GDP. In addition, the moderately and most affected economic segments were estimated to contribute the most to Panama’s GDP (a combined 97.6 percent) than any other country in this region. A similar scenario was projected in Mexico, where the sectors that would least suffer the pandemic's negative effects would account for only 3.4 percent of GDP.

Did the pandemic put a stop to economic growth in Latin America? Economic growth changed dramatically after the COVID-19 outbreak. Most of the largest economies in Latin America fell under recession in 2020. Estimates predict a more optimistic scenario for 2021, with countries such as Mexico, Colombia, and Argentina growing their GDP at least five percent.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Covid-19 Therapeutics Market size will be USD 32542.5 million in 2025. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -15.20% from 2025 to 2033.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 13017.00 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -17.0% from 2025 to 2033.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 9762.75 million.
Asia Pacific held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 7484.78 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -13.2% from 2025 to 2033.
Latin America had a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 1627.13 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -15.8% from 2025 to 2033.
Middle East and Africa had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 650.85 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of -15.5% from 2025 to 2033.
The anti-viral category led the Covid-19 Therapeutics Market.

Market Dynamics of Covid-19 Therapeutics Market

Key Drivers for Covid-19 Therapeutics Market

Significant Investment in COVID-19 Treatment to Support the Market Growth

Investments in the creation of novel treatments for COVID-19 have been made by both public and commercial entities. This is partly because of how urgent the epidemic is and how important it is to have efficient treatments and vaccines. These expenditures have increased the commercial value of COVID-19 treatments and sped up the creation and accessibility of additional treatments. For the purpose of accelerating the development of COVID-19 treatments, governments and business groups have also established public-private collaborations. To hasten the public's access to certain medications and vaccines, governments have also granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA). Consequently, these expenditures have been crucial to the quick development and rollout of novel COVID-19 therapies and vaccines. . This has lessened the pandemic's effects on international healthcare systems and economies. Furthermore, it is anticipated that this will continue to influence future advances in the COVID-19 Therapeutics industry.

New Coronavirus Variants Are Emerging to Accelerate the Growth

Since these novel viral strains would be less amenable to current treatments, there will probably be a large demand for medications that can effectively cure them. As pharmaceutical companies scramble to provide new medications and therapies to combat these novel variations, this is expected to increase the size of the COVID-19 Therapeutics market. Treatments and therapies would still be required to help those afflicted by the virus, including those with long-term impacts, even after the pandemic is under control. This is expected to keep fueling the market for COVID-19 treatments. Furthermore, governments and commercial organizations are expected to become more prepared for future pandemics as a result of the introduction of new viral varieties and the potential for future outbreaks.

Restraint Factor for the Covid-19 Therapeutics Market

High expenses associated with developing therapeutic medications and vaccinations, will Limit Market Growth

A major barrier to the market is the high cost of research and development (R&D) of COVID-19 vaccines and Therapeutics; the need for specialized infrastructure, advanced technology, and skilled personnel raises costs further; clinical trials, regulatory approvals, and manufacturing processes require substantial funding, which can delay the availability of new treatments; and the financial burden on pharmaceutical companies often results in higher prices, which limit accessibility, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. All of these factors work together to impede the rapid development and global distribution of effective COVID-19 Therapeutics, which slows market growth.

Market Trends in Covid-19 Therapeutics Market

Increasing use of oral antiviral medications

The market for COVID-19 treatments is seeing a significant increase with the increasing use of oral antiviral medications. These medications, such Merck's molnupiravir and Pfizer's Paxlovid, have seve...