The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services. Indexes are available for the U.S. and various geographic areas. Average price data for select utility, automotive fuel, and food items are also available. Prices for the goods and services used to calculate the CPI are collected in 75 urban areas throughout the country and from about 23,000 retail and service establishments. Data on rents are collected from about 43,000 landlords or tenants. More information and details about the data provided can be found at http://www.bls.gov/cpi

In 2023, the U.S. Consumer Price Index was 309.42, and is projected to increase to 352.27 by 2029. The base period was 1982-84. The monthly CPI for all urban consumers in the U.S. can be accessed here. After a time of high inflation, the U.S. inflation rateis projected fall to two percent by 2027. United States Consumer Price Index ForecastIt is projected that the CPI will continue to rise year over year, reaching 325.6 in 2027. The Consumer Price Index of all urban consumers in previous years was lower, and has risen every year since 1992, except in 2009, when the CPI went from 215.30 in 2008 to 214.54 in 2009. The monthly unadjusted Consumer Price Index was 296.17 for the month of August in 2022. The U.S. CPI measures changes in the price of consumer goods and services purchased by households and is thought to reflect inflation in the U.S. as well as the health of the economy. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics calculates the CPI and defines it as, "a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services." The BLS records the price of thousands of goods and services month by month. They consider goods and services within eight main categories: food and beverage, housing, apparel, transportation, medical care, recreation, education, and other goods and services. They aggregate the data collected in order to compare how much it would cost a consumer to buy the same market basket of goods and services within one month or one year compared with the previous month or year. Given that the CPI is used to calculate U.S. inflation, the CPI influences the annual adjustments of many financial institutions in the United States, both private and public. Wages, social security payments, and pensions are all affected by the CPI.

Consumer Price Index CPI in the United States increased to 326.79 points in February from 325.25 points in January of 2026. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Consumer Price Index (CPI) - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Inflation rates experienced by different groups of consumers within a country vary. This is because the prices of goods and services and the expenditure patterns of consumers differ. The published inflation rate is used for important decisions regarding the preservation of consumer purchasing power. These include the adjustment of social grants and minimum wages by government and the benchmarking of returns by investors when making investment decisions. It is thus vital that inflation is measured accurately to ensure the purchasing power of consumers is preserved. Current measures of inflation published by Stats SA are applicable to typical consumers and are not relevant to each individual. This resource supplements a study that seeks to provide a publicly available model that can be used by consumers to calculate their personal rate of inflation.

Consumer Price Index CPI in India increased to 104.57 points in February from 104.45 points in January of 2026. This dataset provides - India Consumer Price Index (CPI) - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

Measures of monthly UK inflation data including CPIH, CPI and RPI. These tables complement the consumer price inflation time series dataset.

Context

Consumer Price Index by year since 1913.

Acknowledgements

Data available at https://www.minneapolisfed.org/community/teaching-aids/cpi-calculator-information/consumer-price-index-and-inflation-rates-1913

The median CPI is a measure of inflation computed by the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. It ranks the components of CPI inflation and picks the one in the middle. Its construction makes it less sensitive to short-lived price fluctuations, thereby better capturing the trend in prices. Released monthly.

Median Consumer Price Index is a part of the Median CPI indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

This data package includes the underlying data to replicate the charts, tables, and calculations presented in Modernizing price measurement and evaluating recent critiques of the consumer price index, PIIE Working Paper 25-3.

If you use the data, please cite as:

Sichel, Daniel E., and Christopher Mackie. 2025. Modernizing price measurement and evaluating recent critiques of the consumer price index. PIIE Working Paper 25-3. Washington: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Chile Consumer Price Index (CPI): Housing: Hardware: Calculator data was reported at 24,832.770 1998=100 in Dec 2008. This records an increase from the previous number of 24,608.830 1998=100 for Nov 2008. Chile Consumer Price Index (CPI): Housing: Hardware: Calculator data is updated monthly, averaging 24,642.810 1998=100 from Dec 1998 (Median) to Dec 2008, with 121 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 26,104.340 1998=100 in Mar 2003 and a record low of 23,585.500 1998=100 in Apr 2000. Chile Consumer Price Index (CPI): Housing: Hardware: Calculator data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Institute of Statistics. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Chile – Table CL.I014: Consumer Price Index: Greater Santiago: Dec1998=100.

The dataset contains year and state-wise average inflation (CPI) - general, food and beverages, fuel and light, and housing (urban)

Note: General: 1. Data for Arunachal Pradesh is not available. 2. For calculating State-wise Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation in 2020-21 the average CPI Index for ten months has been taken due to unavailability of CPI data for the months of April and May 2020. 3. Figures for Jammu & Kashmir from October 2019 pertain to combined Union Territories of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh (erstwhile State of Jammu & Kashmir) 4. For 2021-22, annual inflation for all states is calculated using data from June-2021 to March-2022, and for All-India, it is calculated using April-2021 to March-2022 data

Food and Beverages, Housing (Urban), Fuel and Light: 1. Data for Arunachal Pradesh is not available. 2. For 2019-20, annual inflation for all states is calculated using data from April-2019 to February-2020, and for All-India, it is calculated using April-2019 to March-2020 data. 3. For calculating State-wise CPI inflation in 2020-21 the average CPI for eight months has been taken due to unavailability of CPI data for the period April-July 2020. 4. Figures for Jammu & Kashmir from October 2019 pertain to combined Union Territories of Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh(erstwhile State of Jammu & Kashmir) 5. For 2021-22, annual inflation for all states is calculated using data from June-2021 to March-2022, and for All-India, it is calculated using April-2021 to March-2022 data.

This table contains 13 series, with data from 1949 (not all combinations necessarily have data for all years). Data are presented for the current month and previous four months. Users can select other time periods that are of interest to them.

Annual average Consumer Price Index (Combined) for India, base 2012=100, sourced from MOSPI. Used for inflation calculation, purchasing power analysis, and financial planning.

https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPIAUCSL

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Release: Consumer Price Index
Units: Index 1982-1984=100, Seasonally Adjusted

Frequency: Monthly

Notes: The Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items (CPIAUCSL) is a price index of a basket of goods and services paid by urban consumers. Percent changes in the price index measure the inflation rate between any two time periods. The most common inflation metric is the percent change from one year ago. It can also represent the buying habits of urban consumers. This particular index includes roughly 88 percent of the total population, accounting for wage earners, clerical workers, technical workers, self-employed, short-term workers, unemployed, retirees, and those not in the labor force.

The CPIs are based on prices for food, clothing, shelter, and fuels; transportation fares; service fees (e.g., water and sewer service); and sales taxes. Prices are collected monthly from about 4,000 housing units and approximately 26,000 retail establishments across 87 urban areas. To calculate the index, price changes are averaged with weights representing their importance in the spending of the particular group. The index measures price changes (as a percent change) from a predetermined reference date. In addition to the original unadjusted index distributed, the Bureau of Labor Statistics also releases a seasonally adjusted index. The unadjusted series reflects all factors that may influence a change in prices. However, it can be very useful to look at the seasonally adjusted CPI, which removes the effects of seasonal changes, such as weather, school year, production cycles, and holidays.

The CPI can be used to recognize periods of inflation and deflation. Significant increases in the CPI within a short time frame might indicate a period of inflation, and significant decreases in CPI within a short time frame might indicate a period of deflation. However, because the CPI includes volatile food and oil prices, it might not be a reliable measure of inflationary and deflationary periods. For a more accurate detection, the core CPI (CPILFESL) is often used. When using the CPI, please note that it is not applicable to all consumers and should not be used to determine relative living costs. Additionally, the CPI is a statistical measure vulnerable to sampling error since it is based on a sample of prices and not the complete average.

For more information on the CPI, see the Handbook of Methods, the release notes and announcements, and the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs).

Suggested Citation: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average [CPIAUCSL], retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis; https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/CPIAUCSL, August 17, 2025.

Key information about Japan Consumer Price Index CPI growth

• Japan Consumer Price Index (CPI) growth was measured at 1.5 % YoY in Jan 2026, compared with a rate of 2.1 % in the previous month.
• Japan Consumer Price Index growth data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1996 to Jan 2026, with an averaged number of -0.6 % YoY.
• The data reached an all-time high of 4.3 % YoY in Jan 2023 and a record low of -2.5 % YoY in Oct 2009.

CEIC calculates Consumer Price Index Growth from monthly Consumer Price Index. Statistical Bureau provides Consumer Price Index with base 2020=100. Consumer Price Index Growth prior to January 2011 is calculated from Consumer Price Index with base 2010=100, prior to January 2006 from Consumer Price Index with base 2005=100, prior to January 2001 from Consumer Price Index with base 2000=100 and prior to January 1997 from Consumer Price Index with base 1995=100. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

Key information about Israel Consumer Price Index CPI growth

• Israel Consumer Price Index (CPI) growth was measured at 2.0 % YoY in Feb 2026, compared with a rate of 1.8 % in the previous month.
• Israel Consumer Price Index growth data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1993 to Feb 2026, with an averaged number of 3.6 % YoY.
• The data reached an all-time high of 14.3 % YoY in Dec 1994 and a record low of -2.6 % YoY in Mar 2004.

CEIC calculates Consumer Price Index Growth from monthly Consumer Price Index. The Central Bureau of Statistics provides Consumer Price Index with base 2024=100. Consumer Price Index Growth prior to January 2002 is calculated from Consumer Price Index with base 2010=100. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a statistical measure of change, over time, of the prices of goods and services in major expenditure groups--such as food, housing, apparel, transportation, and medical care--typically purchased by urban consumers. Essentially, it compares the cost of a sample "market basket" of goods and services in a specific month relative to the cost of the same "market basket" in an earlier reference period. This reference period is designated as the base period.

The CPI publishes indexes for two populations; all urban consumers (CU) and urban wage earners and clerical workers (CW).

To construct the two indexes, thousands of prices for commodities and services purchased by consumers are collected in a sample of 75 urban places. Rent data is collected in a separate sample of thousands of rental units. Comparison of indexes for individual CMSA's or cities show only the relative change over time in prices between locations. These indexes cannot be used to measure interarea differences in price levels or living costs.

Summary Data Available: U.S. average indexes for both populations are available for several hundred consumer items and groups of items. In addition, many of the indexes have been adjusted for seasonality. The indexes are monthly. Different indexes go back to different years, with the earliest, including all items, dating to 1913. Semi-annual indexes have been calculated for many items for comparison with semi-annual areas mentioned below. Semi-annual indexes are available from 1984 forward.

Area indexes for both populations are available for 23 urban places. For each area, indexes are published for a subset of items and groups. The indexes are published monthly for three areas and bimonthly for twenty areas. Regional and division level indexes for both populations are available for a subset of items and groups published. Indexes are published for four regions and nine divisions. Regional indexes date to 1966; divisional indexes are newer, dating to 2018. Indexes are monthly, with Semi-annual indexes also calculated for selected items.

City-size class indexes for both populations are available for two size classes with a similar subset of groups and items. Region/city-size indexes (for example, Midwest size class B/C)for both populations are also available monthly.

Frequency of Observations: U.S. city average indexes, regional indexes, division indexes, size class indexes, and three metro area indexes are monthly. 20 metro area indexes are bimonthly.

Annual Averages: Annual averages are available for all unadjusted series in the CW and CU.

Base Periods: Most indexes have a base period of 1982-1984 = 100. Other indexes, mainly newer indexes, are based more recently. The base period value is generally 100.0, with rare exceptions where the base is set to 1000 to avoid loss of precision. The index for the "Purchasing Power" values (AAOR and SAOR) have a base period value of 1.000.

Data Characteristics: Indexes are published to three decimal places.

Updating Schedule: Updates become available with the release of new data, typically between the 10th and 14th of the month following the reference month.

The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is a measure that examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer goods and services, such as transportation, food, and medical care. It is calculated by taking price changes for each item in the predetermined basket and averaging them. Prices are collected periodically, and the CPI is often used to measure inflation, reflecting the cost of living. The CPI is typically set against a base year. The index is set to 100 in the base year, and changes in the CPI indicate price changes compared to that year. A typical household might purchase a wide range of products and services. Items in the basket are weighted according to their importance or share in total household spending. The Inflation Rate is the percentage increase in the general level of prices for goods and services over a period of time. It indicates how much prices have risen over a specific period, typically a year. Higher inflation decreases the purchasing power of money, meaning consumers can buy less with the same amount of money.It reflects the overall health of an economy. Moderate inflation is expected in a growing economy, but hyperinflation can indicate economic instability. The Inflation Rate is calculated using the following formula: Inflation Rate (%) = ((CPI in Current Year−CPI in Previous Year)/ (CPI in Previous Year))×100

Historical consumer price index data for Ireland from 1956 to 2025, measuring changes in the price of a fixed basket of consumer goods and services purchased by Irish households.