In 2023, the U.S. Consumer Price Index was 309.42, and is projected to increase to 352.27 by 2029. The base period was 1982-84. The monthly CPI for all urban consumers in the U.S. can be accessed here. After a time of high inflation, the U.S. inflation rateis projected fall to two percent by 2027. United States Consumer Price Index ForecastIt is projected that the CPI will continue to rise year over year, reaching 325.6 in 2027. The Consumer Price Index of all urban consumers in previous years was lower, and has risen every year since 1992, except in 2009, when the CPI went from 215.30 in 2008 to 214.54 in 2009. The monthly unadjusted Consumer Price Index was 296.17 for the month of August in 2022. The U.S. CPI measures changes in the price of consumer goods and services purchased by households and is thought to reflect inflation in the U.S. as well as the health of the economy. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics calculates the CPI and defines it as, "a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services." The BLS records the price of thousands of goods and services month by month. They consider goods and services within eight main categories: food and beverage, housing, apparel, transportation, medical care, recreation, education, and other goods and services. They aggregate the data collected in order to compare how much it would cost a consumer to buy the same market basket of goods and services within one month or one year compared with the previous month or year. Given that the CPI is used to calculate U.S. inflation, the CPI influences the annual adjustments of many financial institutions in the United States, both private and public. Wages, social security payments, and pensions are all affected by the CPI.

Oman Consumer Price Index (CPI): YoY: Communication data was reported at -0.010 % in Dec 2024. This stayed constant from the previous number of -0.010 % for Nov 2024. Oman Consumer Price Index (CPI): YoY: Communication data is updated monthly, averaging -0.260 % from Jan 2013 (Median) to Dec 2024, with 143 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5.020 % in Oct 2014 and a record low of -5.860 % in Nov 2013. Oman Consumer Price Index (CPI): YoY: Communication data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Centre for Statistics and Information. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Oman – Table OM.I001: Consumer Price Index: Year Over Year.

In January 2025, prices had increased by three percent compared to January 2024 according to the 12-month percentage change in the consumer price index — the monthly inflation rate for goods and services in the United States. The data represents U.S. city averages. In economics, the inflation rate is a measure of the change in price level over time. The rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money is approximately equal. A projection of the annual U.S. inflation rate can be accessed here and the actual annual inflation rate since 1990 can be accessed here. InflationOne of the most important economic indicators is the development of the Consumer Price Index in a country. The change in this price level of goods and services is defined as the rate of inflation. The inflationary situation in the United States had been relatively severe in 2022 due to global events relating to COVID-19, supply chain restrains, and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. More information on U.S. inflation may be found on our dedicated topic page. The annual inflation rate in the United States has increased from 3.2 percent in 2011 to 8.3 percent in 2022. This means that the purchasing power of the U.S. dollar has weakened in recent years. The purchasing power is the extent to which a person has available funds to make purchases. According to the data published by the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. Consumer Price Index (CPI) was about 258.84 in 2020 and is forecasted to grow up to 325.6 by 2027, compared to the base period from 1982 to 1984. The monthly percentage change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for urban consumers in the United States was 0.1 percent in March 2023 compared to the previous month. In 2022, countries all around the world are experienced high levels of inflation. Although Brazil already had an inflation rate of 8.3 percent in 2021, compared to the previous year, while the inflation rate in China stood at 0.85 percent.

In July 2024, the inflation rate of Mexico compared to the same month of the previous year reached 5.57 percentage points, the highest figure since, at least, the beginning of 2018. Tapachula, in the State of Chiapas, registered the largest year-on-year increase in prices, with inflation reaching 7.38 percent.

UNESCAP: Forecast: CPI: YoY%: Turkey data was reported at 8.000 % in 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9.100 % for 2018. UNESCAP: Forecast: CPI: YoY%: Turkey data is updated yearly, averaging 8.900 % from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2019, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 85.700 % in 1997 and a record low of 6.300 % in 2009. UNESCAP: Forecast: CPI: YoY%: Turkey data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP). The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Country Forecast – Table UNESCAP: Consumer Price Index: UNESCAP Economies.

The Consumer Price Index gauges the price changes in a basket of goods and services representative of Mexican households' consumption. As of August 2024, the CPI had increased 4.99 percentage points compared to the same month of the previous year. Despite some fluctuations, the monthly inflation rate in the country has been experiencing an overall downward trend since August 2022. Different forms of measuring inflation The National Institute of Statistics, Geography, and Informatics (INEGI) measures price variations considering a total of 299 goods and services that encompass the most representative goods in rural and urban areas of the country. From the second half of June 2018 to May 2024, the accumulated CPI was around 134.09 points, representing price increases of over 34 percent in almost six years. Nonetheless, not all categories of goods and services increased at the same rate, as of June 2024, food and non-alcoholic beverages recorded the highest CPI with 155 points, followed by restaurants and hotels.
Consumer’s perception Consumers in Mexico had experienced rising prices differently, for example, people older than 55 years old had a higher perceived level of inflation in groceries than any other age group. Groceries were the second category with the highest perceived inflation, only behind restaurants, with almost 70 percent of Mexicans reporting high increases. As well as different perceptions, consumers decide to take varying alternatives to cope with the increases, the most common were paying more attention to prices, changing brands of certain products, or reducing consumption.

In November 2024, the inflation rate in Turkey corresponded to 47.1 percent. The monthly inflation rate in Turkey reached 85.51 percent in October 2022, the highest inflation rate recorded during the provided time interval. In June 2023, the year-on-year change in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) was recorded at 38.21 percent, the lowest since January 2022. Since the second half of 2019, Turkey’s inflation rate has consistently been in double digits, with inflation accelerating at the fastest rate in 2022. High production costs In Turkey, domestic producer price indices have been continuously rising, which has directly resulted in a price increase in all consumer goods and services. Accordingly, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in all commodity groups increased extremely since 2022. In the same year, the food and non-alcoholic beverages category had one of the highest inflation rates in the CPI. This particularly affected Turkish consumers, as these products accounted for the highest share of household expenditure in 2023. Soaring food prices Since 2020, food prices have increased significantly around the world, and Turkey is no exception. Although inflation has started to slow down recently, food prices in Turkey continue to go up steadily, increasing by 48.6 percent in November 2024 compared to the same month in the previous year. It is not surprising that food inflation has not simmered down, as the producer price index (PPI) of agricultural products followed a constant increasing trend in the country over the past few years.

UNESCAP: Forecast: CPI: YoY%: Vietnam data was reported at 4.000 % in 2019. This records a decrease from the previous number of 4.200 % for 2018. UNESCAP: Forecast: CPI: YoY%: Vietnam data is updated yearly, averaging 4.200 % from Dec 1997 (Median) to 2019, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 23.100 % in 2008 and a record low of -1.700 % in 2000. UNESCAP: Forecast: CPI: YoY%: Vietnam data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP). The data is categorized under World Trend Plus’s Country Forecast – Table UNESCAP: Consumer Price Index: UNESCAP Economies.

In December 2024, the year-on-year change in consumer prices was 0.69 percent in Finland. From onwards January 2021, the CPI is on a steady rise, peaking at 9.13 percent in December 2022. Since January 2023, the CPI is declining. Inflation or currency devaluation (drop in the real value of money), is characterized by a rise in the prices of finished products (consumer goods, capital goods). Vice versa, deflation or currency appreciation refers to an increase in the real value of money, allowing the buyer to purchase more goods and services with the same amount of money. Moreover, the consumer price index tracks price trends of private consumption expenditure.

Japan Consumer Price Index (CPI): YoY: Services: PS: Related to Culture & Recreation data was reported at 0.200 % in May 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.200 % for Apr 2023. Japan Consumer Price Index (CPI): YoY: Services: PS: Related to Culture & Recreation data is updated monthly, averaging 0.000 % from Jan 1971 to May 2023, with 629 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 52.800 % in May 1977 and a record low of -3.300 % in Sep 2013. Japan Consumer Price Index (CPI): YoY: Services: PS: Related to Culture & Recreation data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistical Bureau. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.I005: Consumer Price Index: 2020=100: YoY% Change.

According to latest figures published by the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the average annual inflation rate in China ranged at around 0.2 percent in 2024 compared to the previous year. This was lower than formerly expected by the IMF. For 2025, projections by the IMF published in October 2024 expected the inflation rate to reach around 1.7 percent. The monthly inflation rate in China dropped to negative values in the second half of 2023 and remained comparatively low in 2024. Calculation of inflation The inflation rate is calculated based on the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for China. The CPI is computed using a product basket that contains a predefined range of products and services on which the average consumer spends money throughout the year. Included are expenses for groceries, clothes, rent, power, telecommunications, recreational activities, and raw materials (e.g. gas, oil), as well as federal fees and taxes. The product basked is adjusted every five years to reflect changes in consumer preference and has been updated in 2020 for the last time. The inflation rate is then calculated using changes in the CPI. As the inflation of a country is seen as a key economic indicator, it is frequently used for international comparison. China's inflation in comparison Among the main industrialized and emerging economies worldwide, China displayed comparatively low inflation in 2023 and 2024. In previous years, China's inflation ranged marginally above the inflation rates of established industrialized powerhouses such as the United States or the European Union. However, this changed in 2021, as inflation rates in developed countries rose quickly, while prices in China only increased moderately. According to IMF estimates for 2024, Zimbabwe was expected to be the country with the highest inflation rate, with a consumer price increase of about 561 percent compared to 2023. In 2023, Turkmenistan had the lowest price increase worldwide with prices actually decreasing by about 1.7 percent.

China Consumer Price Index (CPI): YoY: Double Hit Scenario data was reported at 2.000 % in Dec 2021. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.496 % for Sep 2021. China Consumer Price Index (CPI): YoY: Double Hit Scenario data is updated quarterly, averaging 2.068 % from Mar 1994 (Median) to Dec 2021, with 112 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 26.410 % in Dec 1994 and a record low of -2.672 % in Jun 1999. China Consumer Price Index (CPI): YoY: Double Hit Scenario data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s China – Table CN.OECD.EO: Consumer and Wholesale Price Index: Forecast: Non OECD Member: Quarterly. CPI_YTYPCT- Headline inflation The CPI year-on-year changes is a measure of inflationData are seasonally adjusted by the OECD

The inflation rate in the United States is expected to decrease to 2.1 percent by 2029. 2022 saw a year of exceptionally high inflation, reaching eight percent for the year. The data represents U.S. city averages. The base period was 1982-84. In economics, the inflation rate is a measurement of inflation, the rate of increase of a price index (in this case: consumer price index). It is the percentage rate of change in prices level over time. The rate of decrease in the purchasing power of money is approximately equal. According to the forecast, prices will increase by 2.9 percent in 2024. The annual inflation rate for previous years can be found here and the consumer price index for all urban consumers here. The monthly inflation rate for the United States can also be accessed here. Inflation in the U.S.Inflation is a term used to describe a general rise in the price of goods and services in an economy over a given period of time. Inflation in the United States is calculated using the consumer price index (CPI). The consumer price index is a measure of change in the price level of a preselected market basket of consumer goods and services purchased by households. This forecast of U.S. inflation was prepared by the International Monetary Fund. They project that inflation will stay higher than average throughout 2023, followed by a decrease to around roughly two percent annual rise in the general level of prices until 2028. Considering the annual inflation rate in the United States in 2021, a two percent inflation rate is a very moderate projection. The 2022 spike in inflation in the United States and worldwide is due to a variety of factors that have put constraints on various aspects of the economy. These factors include COVID-19 pandemic spending and supply-chain constraints, disruptions due to the war in Ukraine, and pandemic related changes in the labor force. Although the moderate inflation of prices between two and three percent is considered normal in a modern economy, countries’ central banks try to prevent severe inflation and deflation to keep the growth of prices to a minimum. Severe inflation is considered dangerous to a country’s economy because it can rapidly diminish the population’s purchasing power and thus damage the GDP .

Japan EFS: Quarterly Core Consumer Price Index (CPI): YoY: Calender Year: Next 9 Months data was reported at 0.950 % in Jul 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.980 % for Jun 2018. Japan EFS: Quarterly Core Consumer Price Index (CPI): YoY: Calender Year: Next 9 Months data is updated monthly, averaging 0.350 % from May 2004 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 171 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.060 % in Jul 2014 and a record low of -1.800 % in Feb 2009. Japan EFS: Quarterly Core Consumer Price Index (CPI): YoY: Calender Year: Next 9 Months data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Japan Center for Economic Research. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.S067: Economic Forecast Survey.

This table includes figures on the price developments of a package of goods and services purchased by consumers in the Netherlands. The figures are consistent with European directives also known as the harmonised consumer price index (HICP). In all member states of the European Union (EU), these indices are compiled in a similar manner to facilitate comparison between the various EU countries.

This table also contains the HICP at constant taxes: this price index excludes the effect of changes in the rates of product-related taxes (e.g. VAT and excise duty on alcohol and tobacco).

The table also includes the month-on-month and year-on-year changes of the HICP. The year-on-year change of total consumer expenditure is known as inflation. The figures are shown for 327 product groups in 2025. Furthermore, 34 combinations of product groups (special aggregates) are displayed. The weighting coefficient shows how much consumers in the Netherlands spend on each product group in relation to their total expenditure. The total weighting is 100,000.

HICP figures are published every month. In addition, an annual figure is published at the end of the year. The HICP of a calendar year is calculated as the average of the indices of the twelve months of that year.

Data available from: January 1996.

Status of the figures: Figures of the flash estimate are published at the end of a reporting month, or shortly thereafter. At the flash estimate, figures are made available for the all items category and for a selection of special aggregates. These figures are calculated on the basis of still incomplete source data. The results of the flash estimate are characterized as provisional.

In most cases, the figures are final in the second publication of the same reporting month. Differences between the provisional and final indices are caused by source material that has become available after the flash estimate. The results of the HICP are only marked as provisional in the second publication if it is already known at the time of publication that data are still incomplete, a revision is expected in a later month, or in special circumstances such as the corona crisis. In that case, the figures become final one month later.

Changes compared with previous version: Data on the most recent period have been added and/or adjustments have been implemented.

Changes as of 13 February 2025: Starting in the reporting month of January 2025, price changes will be published for expenditure categories 053290 Other small electric household appliances and 103000 Post-secondary non-tertiary education. The base period for this new index series is December 2024. This means that the index level of 100 is the price level measured in December 2024.

Changes as of 8 February 2024: Starting in the reporting month of January 2024, a price change will be published for expenditure category 063000 Hospital Services. The base period for this new index series is December 2023. This means that the index level of 100 is the price level measured in December 2023. Previously, between 2000 and 2009, an index was published for the same expenditure category. The base year for that index series was 2005=100. It was discontinued after December 2009. The current series starts again from 100 in December 2023.

When will new figures be published? The figures of the flash estimate are published on the last working day of the month to which the figures relate, or shortly thereafter.

Final figures will usually be published between the first and second Thursday of the month following on the reporting month.

All CPI and HICP publications are announced on the publication calendar.

In February 2025, the preliminary year-on-year growth rate of the core Consumer Price Index (CPI) in Tokyo Prefecture stood at 2.2 percent. The monthly core inflation in Tokyo decreased from 2.5 percent in January 2025.

Consumer Price Index: YoY: Non Seasonally Adjusted data was reported at 9.501 % in Nov 2024. This records an increase from the previous number of 7.944 % for Oct 2024. Consumer Price Index: YoY: Non Seasonally Adjusted data is updated monthly, averaging 4.712 % from Jan 1987 (Median) to Nov 2024, with 455 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 28.014 % in Jan 1987 and a record low of -1.291 % in Oct 2001. Consumer Price Index: YoY: Non Seasonally Adjusted data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Bolivia – Table BO.World Bank.GEM: Consumer Price Index. The consumer price index reflects the change in prices for the average consumer of a constant basket of consumer goods. Data is in nominal percentage terms, measured on a year-on-year basis, and seasonally adjusted.

In 2024, the annual inflation rate for the United Kingdom was 2.5 percent, with the average rate for 2025 predicted to rise to 3.2 percent. The UK has only recently recovered from a period of elevated inflation, which saw the CPI rate reach 7.3 percent in 2023, and 9.1 percent in 2022. Before 2022, the inflation rate was at its highest in 2011 when it reached 4.5 percent, and was lowest in 2015 when an annual inflation rate of zero percent was recorded. Inflation has been surging in the UK since late 2021, and reached a 41-year-high of 11.1 percent in October 2022. Since that recent peak, inflation has gradually subsided, and was four percent in January 2024. Inflation down but not out in 2024 Although there are some positive signals regarding UK inflation decelerating throughout 2023, prices are still rising at quite a fast rate, especially in certain sectors. Food inflation, for example, only fell below double-figures in November 2023, and was still rising by 6.9 percent in January 2024. As of that month, however, alcohol and tobacco prices were rising faster than any other sector, with an inflation rate of 12.4 percent. Additionally, underlying core inflation, which measures prices rises without food and energy, is slightly above the headline inflation rate, and was 5.1 percent as of the most recent month. With some aspects of inflation seemingly becoming embedded in the UK economy, this will likely prolong the current Cost of Living Crisis engulfing UK households. Inflation crisis across in the world in 2022 The UK has not been alone in suffering from runaway inflation over the last few years. From late 2021 onwards, various factors converged to encourage a global acceleration of prices, leading to the ongoing inflation crisis. Blocked-up supply chains were one of the main factors as the world emerged from the COVID-19 pandemic. This was followed by energy and food inflation skyrocketing after Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Central bank interest rates were raised globally in response to the problem, possibly putting an end to the era of cheap money that has defined monetary policy since the financial crash of 2008.

In January 2025, gasoline prices were around 0.2 percent lower than in January 2024. The data represents city averages in the United States. The defined base period is: 1982-84=100. CPI is defined by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics as "a measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services". It is based on prices of food, clothing, shelter, fuels, transportation fares, charges for doctors’ and dentists’ services, drugs, and other goods and services that people buy for day-to-day living. The annual inflation rate in the U.S. since 1990 can be accessed here.

Key information about Luxembourg Consumer Price Index CPI growth

• Luxembourg Consumer Price Index (CPI) growth was measured at 1.9 % YoY in Jan 2025, compared with a rate of 1.0 % in the previous month.
• Luxembourg Consumer Price Index growth data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1956 to Jan 2025, with an averaged number of 2.6 % YoY.
• The data reached an all-time high of 11.8 % YoY in Jan 1976 and a record low of -1.4 % YoY in Dec 1986.

CEIC calculates Consumer Price Index Growth from monthly Consumer Price Index. The Statistics Portal of Luxembourg provides Consumer Price Index with base 2015=100. Consumer Price Index Growth prior to January 1996 is sourced from the International Monetary Fund.