Headline Findings

In the period October 2019 to September 2020, there were 5.5 million jobs in DCMS sectors, accounting for 16.4% of all UK jobs.

The Creative Industries had the most jobs with 2.2 million. This is followed by the Digital Sector (1.7 million) and Civil Society (984,000). The sector with the fewest jobs is Gambling at 73,000.

The provisional estimates suggest that there were just under 1.6 million jobs in the Tourism sector. Tourism employment estimates are calculated using provisional estimates in the latest (2018) Tourism Satellite Account (TSA). This is a different methodology to the other sectors.

Socio-economic background

In parallel to this set of employment estimates, we have published some statistics on socio-economic background, using the Labour Force Survey (LFS). These are available to download as an ad hoc publication.

About

These Economic Estimates are Official Statistics used to provide an estimate of employment (number of filled jobs) in the DCMS Sectors, for the period October 2019 to September 2020. The findings are calculated based on the ONS Annual Population Survey (APS).

Content

These statistics cover the contributions of the following DCMS sectors to the UK economy;

• Civil Society
• Creative Industries
• Cultural Sector
• Digital Sector
• Gambling
• Sport
• Telecoms
• Tourism

The UK Statistics Authority

This release is published in accordance with the Code of Practice for Statistics (2018) produced by the UK Statistics Authority (UKSA). The UKSA has the overall objective of promoting and safeguarding the production and publication of official statistics that serve the public good. It monitors and reports on all official statistics, and promotes good practice in this area.

Contact

Responsible statistician: Edward Wilkinson

For any queries or feedback, please contact evidence@dcms.gov.uk.

Headline Findings

In 2019, DCMS Sectors contained 5.3 million filled jobs, accounting for 15.7% of all UK jobs. Additionally:

• The largest individual sector was Creative Industries, followed by Digital.
• The sector with the lowest number of jobs was Gambling.

About

These Economic Estimates are Official Statistics used to provide an estimate of employment (number of jobs) in the DCMS Sectors.

Content

These statistics cover the contributions of the following DCMS sectors to the UK economy;

• Civil Society
• Creative Industries
• Cultural Sector
• Digital Sector
• Gambling
• Sport
• Telecoms
• Tourism

A definition for each sector is available in the associated methodology note along with details of methods and data limitations.

Released

30 April 2020

Feedback and consultation

DCMS aims to continuously improve the quality of estimates and better meet user needs. DCMS welcomes feedback on this release. Feedback should be sent to DCMS via email at evidence@culture.gov.uk.

The UK Statistics Authority

This release is published in accordance with the Code of Practice for Statistics, as produced by the UK Statistics Authority. The Authority has the overall objective of promoting and safeguarding the production and publication of official statistics that serve the public good. It monitors and reports on all official statistics, and promotes good practice in this area.

The responsible statisticians for this release is Rachel Moyce. For further details about the estimates, or to be added to a distribution list for future updates, please email us at evidence@culture.gov.uk.

Pre-release access

The document above contains a list of ministers and officials who have received privileged early access to this release. In line with best practice, the list has been kept to a minimum and those given access for briefing purposes had a maximum of 24 hours.

Last update: 22 December 2022

Next update: March 2023

Geographic coverage: UK

Headline findings

In the period July 2021 to June 2022, there were approximately 4,332,000 total filled jobs in the DCMS Sectors (excluding Tourism) - representing 12.9% of all UK filled jobs, up from 12.7% in July 2020 to June 2021 and 12.0% in 2019 (pre-pandemic). This reflects that, for DCMS Sectors (excluding Tourism), the number of filled jobs have grown faster than the UK overall since July 2020 to June 2021 (3.2% DCMS vs 1.7% UK) and also compared to pre-pandemic (7.9% DCMS vs 0.1% UK).

In percentage terms, within the included DCMS sectors, the Digital sector has seen the largest employment growth since 2019 (pre-pandemic). Over the same period, of the included DCMS sectors, only the Gambling sector and Sport sector have seen declines in employment. Please note, there is substantial overlap between the DCMS sectors.

Although there is wide variation between sectors in terms of demographic breakdowns, overall the proportion of filled jobs held by women was lower in the DCMS Sectors (excluding Tourism) (44.1%) than the UK overall (47.9%). DCMS Sectors (excluding Tourism) have a slightly smaller share of jobs filled by people from ethnic minority groups (excluding white minorities) or by people with disabilities compared to the UK workforce overall.

About this release

The DCMS Sectors Economic Estimates series for employment are National Statistics used to provide an estimate of employment (defined as number of filled jobs) in the DCMS Sectors. This release gives estimates for the period July 2021 to June 2022 and re-weighted estimates for July 2020 to June 2021. The findings are calculated based on the ONS Annual Population Survey (APS).

Content

These statistics cover the contributions of the following DCMS sectors to the UK economy;

• Civil Society
• Creative Industries
• Cultural Sector
• Digital Sector
• Gambling
• Sport
• Telecoms

Estimates are not available for the Tourism sector for this release. A definition for each sector is available in the accompanying technical document along with details of methods and data limitations.

The UK Statistics Authority

This release is published in accordance with the Code of Practice for Statistics (2018) produced by the UK Statistics Authority (UKSA). The UKSA has the overall objective of promoting and safeguarding the production and publication of official statistics that serve the public good. It monitors and reports on all official statistics, and promotes good practice in this area.

Pre-release access

The accompanying pre-release access document lists ministers and officials who have received privileged early access to this release. In line with best practice, the list has been kept to a minimum and those given access for briefing purposes had a maximum of 24 hours.

Contact

Responsible analyst: George Ashford

For any queries or feedback, please contact evidence@dcms.gov.uk.

Notice of revision, 19 February 2021

About

These Economic Estimates are Official Statistics used to provide an estimate of the contribution of DCMS Sectors to the UK economy, measured by GVA (gross value added).

Content

These statistics cover the contributions of the following DCMS sectors to the UK economy;

• Civil Society
• Creative Industries
• Cultural Sector
• Digital Sector
• Gambling
• Sport
• Telecoms
• Tourism

The release also includes estimates for the Audio Visual sector, Computer Games subsector and Sport Satellite Account. The Sport Satellite Account estimates of GVA included in this publication for 2016 onwards are based on a revised SSA for 2016. The previous provisional SSA for 2016 was based on the 2014 satellite account and the GVA estimates from that publication are superseded by these.

A definition for each sector is available in the tables published alongside this release. Further information on DCMS sectors is available in the associated technical report along with details of methods and data limitations.

Released

First published on 10 December 2020. Revisions were published on 19 February 2021.

Feedback and consultation

DCMS aims to continuously improve the quality of estimates and better meet user needs. Feedback and responses should be sent to DCMS via email at evidence@dcms.gov.uk.

The UK Statistics Authority

This release is published in accordance with the https://code.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/">Code of Practice for Statistics, as produced by the UK Statistics Authority. The Authority has the overall objective of promoting and safeguarding the production and publication of official statistics that serve the public good. It monitors and reports on all official statistics, and promotes good practice in this area.

The responsible statisticians for this release is Emma Scholey. For further details about the estimates, or to be added to a distribution list for future updates, please email us at evidence@dcms.gov.uk.

Pre-release access

A document is provided that contains a list of ministers and officials who have received privileged early access to this release. In line with best practice, the list has been kept to a minimum and those given access for briefing purposes had a maximum of 24 hours.

About

These Economic Estimates are Official Statistics used to provide an estimate of the contribution of DCMS Sectors to the UK economy, measured by imports and exports of services and goods.

Content

These statistics cover the contributions of the following DCMS sectors to the UK economy;

• Creative Industries
• Cultural Sector
• Digital Sector
• Gambling
• Sport
• Telecoms

A definition for each sector is available in the associated methodology note along with details of methods and data limitations.

Released

11 February 2021

Feedback and consultation

DCMS aims to continuously improve the quality of estimates and better meet user needs. DCMS welcomes feedback on this release. Feedback should be sent to DCMS via email at evidence@dcms.gov.uk.

The UK Statistics Authority

This release is published in accordance with the https://code.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/" class="govuk-link">Code of Practice for Statistics, as produced by the UK Statistics Authority. The Authority has the overall objective of promoting and safeguarding the production and publication of official statistics that serve the public good. It monitors and reports on all official statistics, and promotes good practice in this area.

The responsible statistician for this release is Wilmah Deda. For further details about the estimates, or to be added to a distribution list for future updates, please email us at evidence@dcms.gov.uk.

Pre-release access

The document above contains a list of ministers and officials who have received privileged early access to this release. In line with best practice, the list has been kept to a minimum and those given access for briefing purposes had a maximum of 24 hours.

About

These economic estimates are used to provide an estimate of the contribution of DCMS sectors to the UK economy, measured by employment (number of filled jobs). These estimates are calculated based on the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Annual Population Survey (APS).They have been independently reviewed by the Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR) and are accredited official statistics.

Content

DCMS Sectors

These statistics cover the contributions of the following DCMS sectors to the UK economy;

• civil society
• creative industries
• cultural sector
• gambling
• sport

Tourism is not included as the data is not yet available. The release also includes estimates for the audio visual sector and computer games sector.

Users should note that there is overlap between DCMS sector definitions. In particular, several cultural sector industries are simultaneously creative industries.

A definition for each sector is available in the tables published alongside this release. Further information on all these sectors is available in the associated technical report along with details of methods and data limitations.

Headline findings

There were 4.0 million total filled jobs in the included DCMS sectors, representing 11.8% of UK total filled jobs. This is similar to the previous equivalent 12 month period of 11.9% and a 1.1 percentage point increase on pre-pandemic (2019), at 10.7%.

Growth in the included DCMS sectors was similar to all UK sectors when compared to the previous equivalent 12 month period (0.2% vs 0.6%).Growth in filled jobs within the included DCMS sectors has exceeded that of the UK overall compared to 2019 (11.6% vs 1.3%).

Within the included DCMS sectors, 24.1% of filled jobs were in London, a higher proportion compared to the UK economy overall, of which 15.9% were in London. However, this varies by sector.

Released

First published on 12th December 2024.

Pre-release access

A document is provided that contains a list of ministers and officials who have received privileged early access to this release. In line with best practice, the list has been kept to a minimum and those given access for briefing purposes had a maximum of 24 hours.

Office for Statistics Regulation

DCMS Economic Estimates Employment official statistics, calculated from the ONS Annual Population Survey (APS), were independently reviewed by the Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR) in June 2019. They comply with the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the https://code.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/">Code of Practice for Statistics and should be labelled accredited official statistics. Accredited official statistics are called National Statistics in the Statistics and Registration Service Act 2007.

Our statistical practice is regulated by the OSR. OSR sets the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the https://code.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/the-code/">Code of Practice for Statistics that all producers of official statistics should adhere to.

You are welcome to contact us directly with any comments about how we meet these standards by emailing evidence@dcms.gov.uk. Alternatively, you can contact OSR by emailing regulation@statistics.gov.uk or via the https://osr.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/">OSR website.

The responsible analyst for this release is Nicholas Hamilton Wu.

For further details about the estimates, or to be added to a distribution l

Notice of revision, 18 March 2022

About

These Economic Estimates are Official Statistics used to provide an estimate of the contribution of DCMS Sectors to the UK economy, measured by imports and exports of services and goods.

Content

These statistics cover the contributions of the following DCMS sectors to the UK economy;

• Creative Industries
• Cultural Sector
• Digital Sector
• Sport
• Tourism

A definition for each sector is available in the associated methodology note along with details of methods and data limitations.

Released

29 October 2020

Revised

18 March 2022

Feedback and consultation

DCMS aims to continuously improve the quality of estimates and better meet user needs. DCMS welcomes feedback on this release. Feedback should be sent to DCMS via email at evidence@dcms.gov.uk.

The UK Statistics Authority

This release is published in accordance with the https://www.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/code-of-practice/" class="govuk-link">Code of Practice for Statistics, as produced by the UK Statistics Authority. The Authority has the overall objective of promoting and safeguarding the production and publication of official statistics that serve the public good. It monitors and reports on all official statistics, and promotes good practice in this area.

The responsible statisticians for this release is Wilmah Tawaziwa. For further details about the estimates, or to be added to a distribution list for future updates, please email us at evidence@dcms.gov.uk.

Pre-release access

The document above contains a list of ministers and officials who have received privileged early access to this release. In line with best practice, the list has been kept to a minimum and those given access for briefing purposes had a maximum of 24 hours.

Headline findings

Reported DCMS Sector GVA is estimated to have grown by 0.7% from Quarter 1 (January to March) to Quarter 2 2022 (April to June) in real terms. By comparison, the whole UK economy fell by 0.1% from Quarter 1 to Quarter 2 2022.

GVA of reported DCMS Sectors in June 2022 was 5.3% above February 2020 levels, which was the most recent month not significantly affected by the pandemic. By comparison, GVA for the whole UK economy was 1.0% higher than in February 2020.

Released

18 August 2022.

About this release

Monthly estimates

These Economic Estimates are Official Statistics used to provide an estimate of the economic contribution of DCMS Sectors in terms of gross value added (GVA), for the period January 2019 to June 2022. Provisional monthly GVA in 2019 and 2020 was first published in March 2021 as an ad hoc statistical release. This current release contains new figures for April to June 2022 and revised estimates for previous months.

Estimates are in chained volume measures (i.e. have been adjusted for inflation) and are seasonally adjusted. These latest monthly estimates should only be used to illustrate general trends, not used as definitive figures.

You can use these estimates to:

• Look at relative indicative changes in GVA over time for DCMS sectors and subsectors

You should not use these estimates to:

• Quantify GVA for a specific month
• Measure absolute change in GVA over time
• Determine findings for DCMS sectors that are defined using more detailed industrial classes (due to the data sources only being available at broader industry levels)

“Summed monthly” Annual GVA

Estimates of annual GVA by DCMS Sectors, based on the monthly series, are now included in this release for 2019 to 2021. These are calculated by summing the monthly estimates for the calendar year and were first published for 2019 and 2020 in DCMS Sector National Economic Estimates: 2011 - 2020.

These estimates have been published, updating what was first published last year, in order to meet growing demand for annual figures for GVA beyond the 2019 estimates in our National Statistics GVA publication. Those estimates remain the most robust for our sectors, however estimates for years after 2019 have been delayed owing to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.

Consequently, these “summed monthly” annual estimate figures for GVA can be used but should not be seen as definitive.

Data sources

The findings are calculated based on published ONS data sources including the Index of Services and Index of Production.

These data sources provide an estimate of the monthly change in GVA for all UK industries. However, the data is only available for broader industry groups, whereas DCMS sectors are defined at a more detailed industrial level. For example, GVA for ‘Cultural education’ is estimated based on the trend for all education. Sectors such as ‘Cultural education’ may have been affected differently by COVID-19 compared to education in general. These estimates are also based on the composition of the economy in 2019. Overall, this means the accuracy of monthly GVA for DCMS sectors is likely to be lower for months in 2020 and 2021.

The technical guidance contains further information about data sources, methodology, and the validation and accuracy of these estimates.

Revisions

Figures are provisional and subject to revision on a monthly basis when the ONS Index of Services and Index of Production are updated. Figures for the latest month will be highly uncertain.

The impact of these revisions is highlighted in the following example; for the revisions applied in February 2022 the average change to DCMS sector monthly GVA was 0.6%, but there were larger differences for some sectors, in some months e.g. the value of the Sport sector in May 2021 was revised from £1.27 billion to £1.45 billion, a 13.8% difference.

Content

These statistics cover the contributions of the following DCMS sectors to the UK economy;

• Creative Industries
• Cultural Sector
• Digital Sector
• Gambling
• Sport
• Telecoms

Users should note that there is overlap between DCMS sector de

This page lists ad-hoc statistics released during the period January - March 2021. These are additional analyses not included in any of the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport’s standard publications.

If you would like any further information please contact evidence@dcms.gov.uk.

January 2021 - Employment in DCMS sectors by socio-economic background: July 2020 to September 2020

This analysis provides estimates of employment in DCMS sectors based on socio-economic background, using the Labour Force Survey (LFS) for July 2020 to September 2020. The LFS asks respondents the job of main earner at age 14, and then matches this to a socio-economic group.

Of those that the data was available for, 67% were classed as being from a more advantaged background in the DCMS Sectors, compared to 57% across all sectors in the UK. The Creative Industries has 71% being from a more advantaged background, the highest proportion among individual DCMS sectors. Meanwhile, the Gambling sector has the highest proportion from a less advantaged background, at 52%.

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/954642/2020_DCMS_Sectors_Economic_Estimates_Employment_Socio_Economic_Background.xlsx">https://www.gov.uk/assets/whitehall/pub-cover-spreadsheet-471052e0d03e940bbc62528a05ac204a884b553e4943e63c8bffa6b8baef8967.png">

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GVA by industries in DCMS clusters, 2019

About

These Economic Estimates are used to provide an estimate of the contribution of DCMS sectors, and separately the digital sector, to the UK economy, measured by employment (number of filled jobs). These estimates are calculated based on the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Annual Population Survey (APS).

Content

DCMS Sectors

These statistics cover the contributions of the following DCMS sectors to the UK economy;

• civil society
• creative industries
• cultural sector
• gambling
• sport

Tourism is not included as the data is not yet available. The release also includes estimates for the audio visual sector and computer games sector.

Users should note that there is overlap between DCMS sector definitions. In particular, several cultural sector industries are simultaneously creative industries.

A definition for each sector is available in the tables published alongside this release. Further information on all these sectors is available in the associated technical report along with details of methods and data limitations.

Headline findings:

Between April 2022 to March 2023, there were approximately 4.0 million filled jobs in the DCMS sectors (excluding tourism), an increase of 364,000 (10.1%) since the 2019 calendar year (pre-pandemic) and 86,000 (2.2%) since the previous equivalent 12 month period.

Since pre-pandemic (2019), driving the growth in included DCMS sector employment was the creative industries (17.0% increase). Over this period, employment also grew in the civil society sector (3.3% increase) and cultural sector (3.0% increase), however remained below 2019 (pre-pandemic) levels in the sports sector (3.0% decrease) and gambling sector (6.7% decrease).

Digital sector:

These statistics also cover the contributions of the following digital sectors to the UK economy

• digital sector
• Of which: telecoms

Users should note that the telecoms sector sits wholly within the digital sector.

A definition for each sector is available in the tables published alongside this release. Further information on all these sectors is available in the associated technical report along with details of methods and data limitations.

Headline findings:

Between April 2022 and March 2023, there were approximately 1.9 million filled jobs in the digital sector, an increase of 347,000 (22.3%) since the 2019 calendar year (pre-pandemic) and 82,000 (4.5%) since the previous equivalent 12 month period.

Released

First published on 28 September 2023.

Pre-release access

A document is provided that contains a list of ministers and officials who have received privileged early access to this release. In line with best practice, the list has been kept to a minimum and those given access for briefing purposes had a maximum of 24 hours.

Office for Statistics Regulation

These official statistics were independently reviewed by the Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR) in June 2019. They comply with the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the https://code.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/">Code of Practice for Statistics and should be labelled accredited official statistics. Accredited official statistics are called National Statistics in the Statistics and Registration Service Act 2007.

Our statistical practice is regulated by the OSR. OSR sets the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the https://code.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/the-code/">Code of Practice for Statistics that all producers of official statistics should adhere to.

You are welcome to contact us directly with any comments about how we meet these standards by emailing evidence@dcms.gov.uk. Alternatively, you can contact OSR by emailing <a href="mailto:regulation@stat

Headline findings

All level estimates in this release are presented in 2022 prices.

DCMS sectors (excluding tourism)

In December 2024, these early estimates indicate that GVA by DCMS sectors grew by around 1% compared to November 2024, while GVA by the UK as a whole grew by 0.4%.

Looking at the quarter as a whole, in the three months to December 2024, GVA by the included DCMS sectors is estimated to have fallen by 1% compared with the three months to September 2024, while the UK economy as a whole is estimated to have grown slightly by 0.1%.

Since February 2020 (pre-pandemic), these early estimates indicate that included DCMS sector GVA has grown at a slightly slower rate than the UK as a whole at a 2% increase compared to 3.6% for the UK economy, though trends vary by sector.

Released

18 February 2024

About this release

The DCMS Sector total reported here includes civil society, creative industries, cultural sector, gambling and sport. Tourism is not included as the data is not available (see note in data table).

Monthly estimates

These Economic Estimates are Official Statistics, used to provide an estimate of the economic contribution of DCMS sectors, in terms of gross value added (GVA), for the period January 2019 to December 2024. This current release contains first estimates for October to December 2024.

Estimates are in chained volume measures (i.e. have been adjusted for inflation), at 2022 prices, and are seasonally adjusted. These latest monthly estimates should only be used to illustrate general trends, not used as definitive figures.

You can use these estimates to:

• look at relative indicative changes in GVA over time for DCMS sectors and subsectors

You should not use these estimates to:

• quantify GVA for a specific month
• measure absolute change in GVA over time
• determine findings for sectors that are defined using more detailed industrial classes (due to the data sources only being available at broader industry levels)

Data sources and technical information

The estimates are calculated based on published ONS data sources including the Index of Services and Index of Production.

These data sources provide an estimate of the monthly change in GVA for all UK industries. However, the data is only available for broader industry groups, whereas DCMS sectors are defined at a more detailed industrial level. For example, GVA for ‘cultural education’ (a sub-sector of the cultural sector within the DCMS sectors) is estimated based on the trend for all education. Sectors such as ‘cultural education’ may have been affected differently by COVID-19 compared to education in general. These estimates are also based on the composition of the economy in 2022. Overall, this means the accuracy of monthly GVA for DCMS sectors is likely to be lower for months in 2020 and 2021.

The technical guidance contains further information about data sources, methodology, and the validation and accuracy of these estimates. The latest version of this guidance was published in November 2023.

Content

These statistics cover the contributions of the following sectors to the UK economy.

DCMS Sectors:

• civil society
• creative industries
• cultural sector
• gambling
• sport

Users should note that there is overlap between DCMS sector definitions and that several cultural sector industries are simultaneously creative industries.

Timely estimates of tourism GVA are not available at present, due to a lack of suitable data.

Feedback and consultation

We aim to continuously improve the quality of estimates and better meet user needs. We welcome feedback on this release. Feedback should be sent via email to evidence@dcms.gov.uk.

Office for Statistics Regulation .

Our statistical practice is regulated by the OSR. OSR sets the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the https://code.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/the-code/">Code of Practice for Statistics that all producers of official statistics should adhere to.

You are welcome to contact us directly with any comments about how we meet these standards by emailing evidence@dcms.gov.uk. Alternatively, you can contact OSR by emailing regulation@statistics.gov.uk or via the <a rel="externa

Headline findings

• Our annual GVA 2023 provisional statistics estimated that GVA by DCMS sectors was £220.3 billion in 2023, 9.3% of the UK economy. The part generated from creative industries, culture, gambling and sport was £150.2 billion, making up 6.3% of UK GVA. This publication shows how that GVA is distributed by region. Tourism and civil society are not included in this release due to data availability.
• London and the South East combined generated the majority of included DCMS sector GVA in 2023, generating 46.3% and 16.0% respectively. This pattern is driven by the creative industries, the largest included sector, and the overlapping cultural sector, which are heavily concentrated in London. In the gambling and sport sectors, regional differences are less pronounced.
• Included DCMS sector GVA fell in all regions between 2022 and 2023.
• Compared to 2019 (pre-pandemic), included DCMS sector GVA overall in 2023 was similar but this varies substantially by region.

About

These Economic Estimates are Official Statistics used to provide an estimate of the contribution of DCMS sectors to each region in the UK, measured by GVA (gross value added). This is the first release of provisional regional estimates for 2023. This release contains some revisions to the back series.

Content

These statistics cover the contributions of the following sectors to the UK economy:

• creative industries
• cultural sector
• gambling
• sport

Users should note that there is overlap between DCMS sector definitions and that several cultural sector industries are simultaneously creative industries.

The release also includes estimates for the audio visual sector, computer games subsector and arts and antiques market.

Estimates of tourism and civil society GVA are not available at present, due to a lack of regional data.

Released

These statistics were first published on 3 July 2025.

Feedback

DCMS aims to continuously improve the quality of estimates and better meet user needs. Feedback should be sent to DCMS via email at evidence@dcms.gov.uk.

Office for Statistics Regulation

These official statistics were independently reviewed by the Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR) in June 2019. They comply with the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the https://code.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/">Code of Practice for Statistics and should be labelled accredited official statistics. Accredited official statistics are called National Statistics in the Statistics and Registration Service Act 2007.

Our statistical practice is regulated by the OSR. OSR sets the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics that all producers of official statistics should adhere to.

You are welcome to contact us directly with any comments about how we meet these standards by emailing evidence@dcms.gov.uk. Alternatively, you can contact OSR by emailing regulation@statistics.gov.uk or via the OSR website.

The responsible analyst for this release is Rachel Moyce. For further details about the estimates, or to be added to a distribution list for future updates, please email us at evidence@dcms.gov.uk.

Pre-release access

The accompanying pre-release access document lists ministers and officials who have received privileged early access to this release. In line with best practice, the list has been kept to a minimum and those given access for briefing purposes had a maximum of 24 hours.

About

These Economic Estimates are used to provide an estimate of the contribution of DCMS sectors, and separately the digital sector, to the UK economy, measured by employment (number of filled jobs) and employee median earnings. These estimates are calculated based on the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Annual Population Survey (APS) and Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) respectively.

Content

DCMS Sectors

These statistics cover the contributions of the following DCMS sectors to the UK economy;

• civil society

• creative industries

• cultural sector

• gambling

• sport

Tourism is not included as the data is not yet available. The release also includes estimates for the audio visual sector and computer games sector.

Users should note that there is overlap between DCMS sector definitions. In particular, several cultural sector industries are simultaneously creative industries.

A definition for each sector is available in the tables published alongside this release. Further information on all these sectors is available in the associated technical report along with details of methods and data limitations.

Headline findings:

Between October 2022 to September 2023, there were 4.0 million total filled jobs in the included DCMS sectors, an increase of 393,000 (10.9%) since pre-pandemic (2019) and 55,000 (1.4%) since the previous equivalent 12-month period.

Since pre-pandemic (2019), driving the growth in included DCMS sector employment was the creative industries (16.3% increase). Over this period, employment also grew in the civil society sector (8.0% increase), cultural sector (1.3% increase), and gambling sector (4.8% increase), however, remained below 2019 (pre-pandemic) levels in the sports sector (2.5% decrease).

As of April 2023, median annual earnings for employees in the included DCMS sectors were £30,164; 1.7% greater than the UK overall (£29,669). Median annual earnings for included DCMS sectors have grown in line with the UK overall compared to the previous year, both growing by 6.9%. However, compared to pre-pandemic, median annual earnings have grown faster in included DCMS sectors, an increase of 22.8%, than for the UK overall, which grew 19.0%.

Employees in the creative industries (£39,366) and cultural sector (£31,014) had higher median annual earnings than the UK overall but employees in the civil society (£27,409), sport (£21,000) and gambling sectors (£26,164) had lower median annual earnings.

As of April 2023, for every £1.00 earned by a man employed in the included DCMS sectors, a woman earns £0.80. Meaning a gender pay gap of 19.8%, larger than the UK overall (14.2%). This is a 0.2 percentage point decrease from last year (20.0%), and a 3.1 percentage point decrease from pre-pandemic (22.9%).

Digital sector:

These statistics also cover the contributions of the following digital sectors to the UK economy

• digital sector

• Of which: telecoms

Users should note that the telecoms sector sits wholly within the digital sector.

A definition for each sector is available in the tables published alongside this release. Further information on all these sectors is available in the associated technical report along with details of methods and data limitations

Headline findings

All level estimates in this release are presented in 2022 prices. This means estimates from 2023 onwards are not fully adjusted for inflation and it is likely these would be higher if presented in later prices, although growth rates would be unchanged.

DCMS sectors (excluding tourism)

In June 2025, these early estimates indicate that GVA by included DCMS sectors grew by around 1% compared to May 2025, while GVA by the UK as a whole grew by 0.4%.

Looking at the quarter as a whole, in the three months to June 2025, GVA by the included DCMS sectors is estimated to have grown by 1% compared with the three months to March 2025, while the UK economy as a whole is estimated to have grown by 0.3%.

Since February 2020 (pre-pandemic), these early estimates indicate that included DCMS sector GVA has grown by around 6% compared to 4.9% for the UK economy, though trends vary by sector.

Released

21 August 2025

About this release

The DCMS Sector total reported here includes civil society, creative industries, cultural sector, gambling and sport. Tourism is not included as the data is not available (see note in data table).

Monthly estimates

These Economic Estimates are Official Statistics, used to provide an early estimate of the economic contribution of DCMS sectors, in terms of gross value added (GVA), for the period January 2019 to June 2025. Estimates for the most recent months are particularly uncertain but can provide an early indicator of changes in GVA. This current release contains first estimates for April to June 2025.

Estimates are in chained volume measures (i.e. have been adjusted for inflation), at 2022 prices, and are seasonally adjusted. These latest monthly estimates should only be used to illustrate general trends, not used as definitive figures.

You can use these estimates to:

• look at relative indicative changes in GVA over time for DCMS sectors and subsectors

You should not use these estimates to:

• quantify GVA for a specific month
• measure absolute change in GVA over time
• determine findings for sectors that are defined using more detailed industrial classes (due to the data sources only being available at broader industry levels)

Data sources and technical information

The estimates are calculated based on published ONS data sources including the Index of Services and Index of Production.

These data sources provide an estimate of the monthly change in GVA for all UK industries. However, the data is only available for broader industry groups, whereas DCMS sectors are defined at a more detailed industrial level. For example, GVA for ‘cultural education’ (a sub-sector of the cultural sector within the DCMS sectors) is estimated based on the trend for all education. Sectors such as ‘cultural education’ may have been affected differently by COVID-19 compared to education in general. These estimates are also based on the composition of the economy in 2022. Overall, this means the accuracy of monthly GVA for DCMS sectors is likely to be lower for months in 2020 and 2021.

The technical guidance contains further information about data sources, methodology, and the validation and accuracy of these estimates. The latest version of this guidance was published in November 2023.

Content

These statistics cover the contributions of the following sectors to the UK economy.

DCMS Sectors:

• civil society
• creative industries
• cultural sector
• gambling
• sport

Users should note that there is overlap between DCMS sector definitions and that several cultural sector industries are simultaneously creative industries.

Monthly estimates of tourism GVA are not available at present, due to a lack of suitable data. The latest estimates of tourism GVA are available in our annual GVA publication.

Feedback and consultation

We aim to continuously improve the quality of estimates and better meet user needs. We welcome feedback on this release. Feedback should be sent via email to evidence@dcms.gov.uk.

Office for Statistics Regulation .

Our statistical

This Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) Official Development Assistance (ODA) data covers financial year 2018 to 2019 onwards.

To be consistent with the data we have provided to the https://iatistandard.org/en/" class="govuk-link">International Aid Transparency Initiative, the complete data set includes data from previous financial years.

These funds provide support to arms length bodies and to the following FCDO-led soft power programmes.

Wilton Park conferences

https://www.wiltonpark.org.uk" class="govuk-link">Wilton Park is an executive agency of the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office. It provides a platform to discuss global development challenges. Our support allows participants from ODA recipient countries to attend events and share their expertise.

International Leaders Programme

The International Leaders Programme supports ODA eligible partner countries. It invests in a network of talented, rising and influential leaders from key sectors such as government, media, academia and business. Participants access UK professional expertise during targeted working visits to the UK.

Great Britain-China Centre

The http://www.gbcc.org.uk" class="govuk-link">Great Britain-China Centre (GBCC) is a non-departmental public body (NDPB) receiving core funding from the FCDO. It works for shared UK-China prosperity through dialogue and the promotion of the rule of law, good governance and sustainable economic development in China. The GBCC builds mutual trust, understanding, and long-term connections between decision makers in the UK and China. Through its work, the GBCC has in turn aided the establishment of economic growth and prosperity outcomes for the UK as a secondary benefit.

Westminster Foundation for Democracy (WFD)

The https://www.wfd.org" class="govuk-link">Westminster Foundation for Democracy is a non-departmental public body (NDPB) receiving core support from the FCDO. ODA funding enables the WFD to advance multi-party representative democracy in ODA-eligible developing countries. Through its parliamentary programmes in developing countries, the WFD supports civil society, electoral bodies and other independent institutions by building their capability and expertise.

Chevening scholarships

http://www.chevening.org/" class="govuk-link">Chevening helps to develop future leaders, decision makers and influencers professionally and academically. It supports scholars across a wide range of subject areas including in science and technology, media and creative industries, law and business, finance and economics, and public services and civil society. Chevening scholars are required under the terms of their awards to return to their country of origin following the completion of their courses. This enables them to utilise their new skills and abilities to contribute to the development of their home countries.

Find out more about all ODA spend data for the FCDO.

The whole of government ODA data is on:

• http://devtracker.dfid.gov.uk" class="govuk-link">devtracker, the UK’s development aid tracker
• http://www.d-portal.org" class="govuk-link">d-portal, which contains development data from the International Aid Transparency Initiative (IATI) registry

Headline findings

These are our first estimates to incorporate scheduled revisions from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) to the National Accounts in https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/grossdomesticproductgdp/compendium/unitedkingdomnationalaccountsthebluebook/2025">Blue Book 2025. National Accounts Gross Value Added (GVA) estimates incorporate scheduled revisions as more data becomes available. These revisions have particularly affected monthly data from 2022 onwards for many industries in DCMS sectors.

We expect revisions to GVA in the National Accounts Blue Book 2025 to affect our annual GVA estimates too. Annual GVA is more robust than this monthly data, but the annual data currently available does not incorporate these revisions. Our next Annual GVA release, including data up to 2023 and provisional estimates for 2024, will be published in January/February 2026.

Headline findings

All level estimates in this release are presented in 2023 prices. This means estimates from 2024 onwards are not fully adjusted for inflation and it is likely these would be higher if presented in later prices, although growth rates would be unchanged.

DCMS sectors (excluding tourism)

These early estimates indicate that:

• GVA by included DCMS sectors is estimated to have increased by around 1% from the three months to June 2025 to the three months to September 2025, compared to 0.1% growth for the UK.
• Looking over a longer time period, since the three months to September 2019 (pre-pandemic), included DCMS sector GVA has grown by around 17%, compared to 5.5% growth for the UK economy, though trends vary by sector.

Released

28 November 2025

About this release

The DCMS Sector total reported here includes civil society, creative industries, cultural sector, gambling and sport. Tourism is not included as the data is not available (see note in data table).

Monthly estimates

These Economic Estimates are Official Statistics, used to provide an early estimate of the economic contribution of DCMS sectors, in terms of gross value added (GVA), for the period January 2019 to September 2025. Estimates for the most recent months are particularly uncertain but can provide an early indicator of changes in GVA. This current release contains first estimates for July to September 2025.

Estimates are in chained volume measures (i.e. have been adjusted for inflation), at 2023 prices, and are seasonally adjusted. These latest monthly estimates should only be used to illustrate general trends, not used as definitive figures.

You can use these estimates to:

• look at relative indicative changes in GVA over time for DCMS sectors and subsectors

You should not use these estimates to:

• quantify GVA for a specific month
• measure absolute change in GVA over time
• determine findings for sectors that are defined using more detailed industrial classes (due to the data sources only being available at broader industry levels)

Data sources and technical information

The estimates are calculated based on published ONS data sources including the Index of Services and Index of Production.

These data sources provide an estimate of the monthly change in GVA for all UK industries. However, the data is only available for broader industry groups, whereas DCMS sectors are defined at a more detailed industrial level. For example, GVA for ‘cultural education’ (a sub-sector of the cultural sector within the DCMS sectors) is estimated based on the trend for all education. Sectors such as ‘cultural education’ may have been affected differently by COVID-19 compared to education in general. These estimates are also based on the composition of the economy in 2023. Overall, this means the accuracy of monthly GVA for DCMS sectors is likely to be lower for months in 2020 and 2021.

The technical guidance contains further information about data sources, methodology, and the validation and accuracy of these estimates. The latest version of this guidance was published in November 2023.

Content

These statistics cover the contributions of the following sectors to the UK economy.

DCMS Sectors:

• civil society
• creative industries
• cultural sector
• gambling
• sport

Users should n