Important Note: This item is in mature support as of June 2023 and will be retired in December 2025.This map shows the total crime index in the U.S. in 2022 in a multi-scale map (by state, county, ZIP Code, tract, and block group). The layer uses 2020 Census boundaries.The pop-up is configured to include the following information for each geography level:Total crime indexPersonal and Property crime indices Sub-categories of personal and property crime indicesPermitted use of this data is covered in the DATA section of the EsriMaster Agreement (E204CW) and these supplemental terms.

Interactive dashboard for open data portal. Displays crimes by zip code.

***Starting on March 7th, 2024, the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) will adopt a new Records Management System for reporting crimes and arrests. This new system is being implemented to comply with the FBI's mandate to collect NIBRS-only data (NIBRS — FBI - https://www.fbi.gov/how-we-can-help-you/more-fbi-services-and-information/ucr/nibrs). During this transition, users will temporarily see only incidents reported in the retiring system. However, the LAPD is actively working on generating new NIBRS datasets to ensure a smoother and more efficient reporting system. *** **Update 1/18/2024 - LAPD is facing issues with posting the Crime data, but we are taking immediate action to resolve the problem. We understand the importance of providing reliable and up-to-date information and are committed to delivering it. As we work through the issues, we have temporarily reduced our updates from weekly to bi-weekly to ensure that we provide accurate information. Our team is actively working to identify and resolve these issues promptly. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause and appreciate your understanding. Rest assured, we are doing everything we can to fix the problem and get back to providing weekly updates as soon as possible. ** This dataset reflects incidents of crime in the City of Los Angeles dating back to 2020. This data is transcribed from original crime reports that are typed on paper and therefore there may be some inaccuracies within the data. Some location fields with missing data are noted as (0°, 0°). Address fields are only provided to the nearest hundred block in order to maintain privacy. This data is as accurate as the data in the database. Please note questions or concerns in the comments.

This dataset includes all valid felony, misdemeanor, and violation crimes reported to the New York City Police Department (NYPD) for all complete quarters so far this year (2017). For additional details, please see the attached data dictionary in the ‘About’ section.

Note: Due to a system migration, this data will cease to update on March 14th, 2023. The current projection is to restart the updates on or around July 17th, 2023.Crime report data is provided for Louisville Metro Police Divisions only; crime data does not include smaller class cities.The data provided in this dataset is preliminary in nature and may have not been investigated by a detective at the time of download. The data is therefore subject to change after a complete investigation. This data represents only calls for police service where a police incident report was taken. Due to the variations in local laws and ordinances involving crimes across the nation, whether another agency utilizes Uniform Crime Report (UCR) or National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) guidelines, and the results learned after an official investigation, comparisons should not be made between the statistics generated with this dataset to any other official police reports. Totals in the database may vary considerably from official totals following the investigation and final categorization of a crime. Therefore, the data should not be used for comparisons with Uniform Crime Report or other summary statistics.Data is broken out by year into separate CSV files. Note the file grouping by year is based on the crime's Date Reported (not the Date Occurred).Older cases found in the 2003 data are indicative of cold case research. Older cases are entered into the Police database system and tracked but dates and times of the original case are maintained.Data may also be viewed off-site in map form for just the last 6 months on Crimemapping.comData Dictionary:INCIDENT_NUMBER - the number associated with either the incident or used as reference to store the items in our evidence roomsDATE_REPORTED - the date the incident was reported to LMPDDATE_OCCURED - the date the incident actually occurredUOR_DESC - Uniform Offense Reporting code for the criminal act committedCRIME_TYPE - the crime type categoryNIBRS_CODE - the code that follows the guidelines of the National Incident Based Reporting System. For more details visit https://ucr.fbi.gov/nibrs/2011/resources/nibrs-offense-codes/viewUCR_HIERARCHY - hierarchy that follows the guidelines of the FBI Uniform Crime Reporting. For more details visit https://ucr.fbi.gov/ATT_COMP - Status indicating whether the incident was an attempted crime or a completed crime.LMPD_DIVISION - the LMPD division in which the incident actually occurredLMPD_BEAT - the LMPD beat in which the incident actually occurredPREMISE_TYPE - the type of location in which the incident occurred (e.g. Restaurant)BLOCK_ADDRESS - the location the incident occurredCITY - the city associated to the incident block locationZIP_CODE - the zip code associated to the incident block locationID - Unique identifier for internal databaseContact:Crime Information CenterCrimeInfoCenterDL@louisvilleky.gov

Update Frequency: Daily

Current year to date. The data included in this dataset has been reviewed and approved by a Milwaukee Police Department supervisor and the Milwaukee Police Department’s Records Management Division. This approval process can take a few weeks from the reported date of the crime. For preliminary crime data, please visit the Milwaukee Police Department’s Crime Maps and Statistics dashboard at https://city.milwaukee.gov/police/Information-Services/Crime-Maps-and-Statistics.

Wisconsin Incident Based Report (WIBR) Group A Offenses.

The Crime Data represents incident level data defined by Wisconsin Incident Based Reporting System (WIBRS) codes. WIBRS reporting is a crime reporting standard and can not be compared to any previous UCR report. Therefore, the Crime Data may reflect:

• Information not yet verified by further investigation
• Preliminary crime classifications that may be changed at a later date based upon further investigation
• Information that may include mechanical or human error

Neither the City of Milwaukee nor the Milwaukee Police Department guarantee (either express or implied) the accuracy, completeness, timeliness, or correct sequencing of the Crime Data. The City of Milwaukee and the Milwaukee Police Department shall have no liability for any error or omission, or for the use of, or the results obtained from the use of the Crime Data. In addition, the City of Milwaukee and the Milwaukee Police Department caution against using the Crime Data to make decisions/comparisons regarding the safety of or the amount of crime occurring in a particular area. When reviewing the Crime Data, the site user should consider that:

• The information represents only police services where a report was made and does not include other calls for police service
• The information does not reflect or certify "safe" or "unsafe" areas
• The information will sometimes reflect where the crime was reported versus where the crime occurred

This data is not intended to represent a total number/sum of crimes, rather 1 = True and 0 = False.

The use of the Crime Data indicates the site user's unconditional acceptance of all risks associated with the use of the Crime Data.

To download XML and JSON files, click the CSV option below and click the down arrow next to the Download button in the upper right on its page. XY fields in data is in projection Wisconsin State Plane South NAD27 (WKID 32054).

Content

Data is a culmination of separate csv files found at https://data.louisvilleky.gov/dataset/crime-data

Each row represents a reported crime

The following description is from https://data.louisvilleky.gov/dataset/crime-data:

DATE_REPORTED - the date the incident was reported to LMPD

DATE_OCCURED - the date the incident actually occurred

UOR_DESC - Uniform Offense Reporting code for the criminal act committed

CRIME_TYPE - the crime type category

NIBRS_CODE - the code that follows the guidelines of the National Incident Based Reporting System. For more details visit https://ucr.fbi.gov/nibrs/2011/resources/nibrs-offense-codes/view

UCR_HIERARCHY - hierarchy that follows the guidelines of the FBI Uniform Crime Reporting. For more details visit https://ucr.fbi.gov/

ATT_COMP - Status indicating whether the incident was an attempted crime or a completed crime.

LMPD_DIVISION - the LMPD division in which the incident actually occurred

LMPD_BEAT - the LMPD beat in which the incident actually occurred

PREMISE_TYPE - the type of location in which the incident occurred (e.g. Restaurant)

BLOCK_ADDRESS - the location the incident occurred

CITY - the city associated to the incident block location

ZIP_CODE - the zip code associated to the incident block location

ID - Unique identifier for internal database

Acknowledgements

Thank you to Louisville OPEN DATA!

https://data.louisvilleky.gov/dataset/crime-data

Inspiration

Which crimes are most common? In which zip codes is crime more likely to occur? Is there a trend of some crimes increasing and other decreasing in number? Which crimes take longest to report? Which beats handle the most homicides?

Crime report data is provided for Louisville Metro Police Divisions only; crime data does not include smaller class cities.The data provided in this dataset is preliminary in nature and may have not been investigated by a detective at the time of download. The data is therefore subject to change after a complete investigation. This data represents only calls for police service where a police incident report was taken. Due to the variations in local laws and ordinances involving crimes across the nation, whether another agency utilizes Uniform Crime Report (UCR) or National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) guidelines, and the results learned after an official investigation, comparisons should not be made between the statistics generated with this dataset to any other official police reports. Totals in the database may vary considerably from official totals following the investigation and final categorization of a crime. Therefore, the data should not be used for comparisons with Uniform Crime Report or other summary statistics.Data is broken out by year into separate CSV files. Note the file grouping by year is based on the crime's Date Reported (not the Date Occurred).Older cases found in the 2003 data are indicative of cold case research. Older cases are entered into the Police database system and tracked but dates and times of the original case are maintained.Data may also be viewed off-site in map form for just the last 6 months on Crimemapping.comData Dictionary:INCIDENT_NUMBER - the number associated with either the incident or used as reference to store the items in our evidence roomsDATE_REPORTED - the date the incident was reported to LMPDDATE_OCCURED - the date the incident actually occurredUOR_DESC - Uniform Offense Reporting code for the criminal act committedCRIME_TYPE - the crime type categoryNIBRS_CODE - the code that follows the guidelines of the National Incident Based Reporting System. For more details visit https://ucr.fbi.gov/nibrs/2011/resources/nibrs-offense-codes/viewUCR_HIERARCHY - hierarchy that follows the guidelines of the FBI Uniform Crime Reporting. For more details visit https://ucr.fbi.gov/ATT_COMP - Status indicating whether the incident was an attempted crime or a completed crime.LMPD_DIVISION - the LMPD division in which the incident actually occurredLMPD_BEAT - the LMPD beat in which the incident actually occurredPREMISE_TYPE - the type of location in which the incident occurred (e.g. Restaurant)BLOCK_ADDRESS - the location the incident occurredCITY - the city associated to the incident block locationZIP_CODE - the zip code associated to the incident block locationID - Unique identifier for internal databaseContact:Crime Information CenterCrimeInfoCenterDL@louisvilleky.gov

The data provided in this dataset is preliminary in nature and may have not been investigated by a detective at the time of download. The data is therefore subject to change after a complete investigation. This data represents only calls for police service where a police incident report was taken. Due to the variations in local laws and ordinances involving crimes across the nation, whether another agency utilizes Uniform Crime Report (UCR) or National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) guidelines, and the results learned after an official investigation, comparisons should not be made between the statistics generated with this dataset to any other official police reports. Totals in the database may vary considerably from official totals following the investigation and final categorization of a crime. Therefore, the data should not be used for comparisons with Uniform Crime Report or other summary statistics.Data is broken out by year into separate CSV files. Note the file grouping by year is based on the crime's Date Reported (not the Date Occurred).Older cases found in the 2003 data are indicative of cold case research. Older cases are entered into the Police database system and tracked but dates and times of the original case are maintained.Data may also be viewed off-site in map form for just the last 6 months on communitycrimemap.comData Dictionary:

Field Name

Field Description

Incident Number

the number associated with either the incident or used as reference to store the items in our evidence rooms

Date Reported

the date the incident was reported to LMPD

Date Occurred

the date the incident actually occurred

Badge ID

Badge ID of responding Officer

Offense Classification

NIBRS Reporting category for the criminal act committed

Offense Code Name

NIBRS Reporting code for the criminal act committed

NIBRS_CODE

the code that follows the guidelines of the National Incident Based Reporting System. For more details visit https://ucr.fbi.gov/nibrs/2011/resources/nibrs-offense-codes/view

NIBRS Group

hierarchy that follows the guidelines of the FBI National Incident Based Reporting System

Was Offense Completed

Status indicating whether the incident was an attempted crime or a completed crime.

LMPD Division

the LMPD division in which the incident actually occurred

LMPD Beat

the LMPD beat in which the incident actually occurred

Location Category

the type of location in which the incident occurred (e.g. Restaurant)

Block Address

the location the incident occurred

City

the city associated to the incident block location

Zip Code

the zip code associated to the incident block location

Contact:LMPD Open Records lmpdopenrecords@louisvilleky.gov

Crime data assembled by census block group for the MSA from the Applied Geographic Solutions' (AGS) 1999 and 2005 'CrimeRisk' databases distributed by the Tetrad Computer Applications Inc. CrimeRisk is the result of an extensive analysis of FBI crime statistics. Based on detailed modeling of the relationships between crime and demographics, CrimeRisk provides an accurate view of the relative risk of specific crime types at the block group level. Data from 1990 - 1996,1999, and 2004-2005 were used to compute the attributes, please refer to the 'Supplemental Information' section of the metadata for more details. Attributes are available for two categories of crimes, personal crimes and property crimes, along with total and personal crime indices. Attributes for personal crimes include murder, rape, robbery, and assault. Attributes for property crimes include burglary, larceny, and mother vehicle theft. 12 block groups have no attribute information. CrimeRisk is a block group and higher level geographic database consisting of a series of standardized indexes for a range of serious crimes against both persons and property. It is derived from an extensive analysis of several years of crime reports from the vast majority of law enforcement jurisdictions nationwide. The crimes included in the database are the "Part I" crimes and include murder, rape, robbery, assault, burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft. These categories are the primary reporting categories used by the FBI in its Uniform Crime Report (UCR), with the exception of Arson, for which data is very inconsistently reported at the jurisdictional level. Part II crimes are not reported in the detail databases and are generally available only for selected areas or at high levels of geography. In accordance with the reporting procedures using in the UCR reports, aggregate indexes have been prepared for personal and property crimes separately, as well as a total index. While this provides a useful measure of the relative "overall" crime rate in an area, it must be recognized that these are unweighted indexes, in that a murder is weighted no more heavily than a purse snatching in the computation. For this reason, caution is advised when using any of the aggregate index values. The block group boundaries used in the dataset come from TeleAtlas's (formerly GDT) Dynamap data, and are consistent with all other block group boundaries in the BES geodatabase.

   This is part of a collection of 221 Baltimore Ecosystem Study metadata records that point to a geodatabase.


   The geodatabase is available online and is considerably large. Upon request, and under certain arrangements, it can be shipped on media, such as a usb hard drive.


   The geodatabase is roughly 51.4 Gb in size, consisting of 4,914 files in 160 folders.


   Although this metadata record and the others like it are not rich with attributes, it is nonetheless made available because the data that it represents could be indeed useful.


   This is part of a collection of 221 Baltimore Ecosystem Study metadata records that point to a geodatabase.


   The geodatabase is available online and is considerably large. Upon request, and under certain arrangements, it can be shipped on media, such as a usb hard drive.


   The geodatabase is roughly 51.4 Gb in size, consisting of 4,914 files in 160 folders.


   Although this metadata record and the others like it are not rich with attributes, it is nonetheless made available because the data that it represents could be indeed useful.

Esri's Crime Indexes data incorporates information from the AGS national CrimeRisk database that is based on an extensive analysis of several years of crime incidents reported by most US law enforcement jurisdictions. The Crime Indexes database includes standardized indexes for a range of serious crimes against both persons and property. The data vintage is 2019. All attributes are available at the following geography levels: State, County, Tract, Block Group, ZIP Code, Place, CBSA and DMA. Attributes include total crime index, personal crime index, and other indexes for serious crimes. To view ArcGIS Online items using this service, including the terms of use, visit http://goto.arcgisonline.com/demographics5/USA_Crime.

This table contains data on the rate of violent crime (crimes per 1,000 population) for California, its regions, counties, cities and towns. Crime and population data are from the Federal Bureau of Investigations, Uniform Crime Reports. Rates above the city/town level include data from city, university and college, county, state, tribal, and federal law enforcement agencies. The table is part of a series of indicators in the Healthy Communities Data and Indicators Project of the Office of Health Equity. Ten percent of all deaths in young California adults aged 15-44 years are related to assault and homicide. In 2010, California law enforcement agencies reported 1,809 murders, 8,331 rapes, and over 95,000 aggravated assaults. African Americans in California are 11 times more likely to die of assault and homicide than Whites. More information about the data table and a data dictionary can be found in the About/Attachments section.

The Division of Criminal Justice Services (DCJS) collects crime reports from more than 500 New York State police and sheriffs' departments. DCJS compiles these reports as New York's official crime statistics and submits them to the FBI under the National Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program. UCR uses standard offense definitions to count crime in localities across America regardless of variations in crime laws from state to state. In New York State, law enforcement agencies use the UCR system to report their monthly crime totals to DCJS. The UCR reporting system collects information on seven crimes classified as Index offenses which are most commonly used to gauge overall crime volume. These include the violent crimes of murder/non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault; and the property crimes of burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft. Police agencies may experience reporting problems that preclude accurate or complete reporting. The counts represent only crimes reported to the police but not total crimes that occurred. DCJS posts preliminary data in the spring and final data in the fall.

Crime report data is provided for Louisville Metro Police Divisions only; crime data does not include smaller class cities.The data provided in this dataset is preliminary in nature and may have not been investigated by a detective at the time of download. The data is therefore subject to change after a complete investigation. This data represents only calls for police service where a police incident report was taken. Due to the variations in local laws and ordinances involving crimes across the nation, whether another agency utilizes Uniform Crime Report (UCR) or National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) guidelines, and the results learned after an official investigation, comparisons should not be made between the statistics generated with this dataset to any other official police reports. Totals in the database may vary considerably from official totals following the investigation and final categorization of a crime. Therefore, the data should not be used for comparisons with Uniform Crime Report or other summary statistics.Data is broken out by year into separate CSV files. Note the file grouping by year is based on the crime's Date Reported (not the Date Occurred).Older cases found in the 2003 data are indicative of cold case research. Older cases are entered into the Police database system and tracked but dates and times of the original case are maintained.Data may also be viewed off-site in map form for just the last 6 months on Crimemapping.comData Dictionary:INCIDENT_NUMBER - the number associated with either the incident or used as reference to store the items in our evidence roomsDATE_REPORTED - the date the incident was reported to LMPDDATE_OCCURED - the date the incident actually occurredUOR_DESC - Uniform Offense Reporting code for the criminal act committedCRIME_TYPE - the crime type categoryNIBRS_CODE - the code that follows the guidelines of the National Incident Based Reporting System. For more details visit https://ucr.fbi.gov/nibrs/2011/resources/nibrs-offense-codes/viewUCR_HIERARCHY - hierarchy that follows the guidelines of the FBI Uniform Crime Reporting. For more details visit https://ucr.fbi.gov/ATT_COMP - Status indicating whether the incident was an attempted crime or a completed crime.LMPD_DIVISION - the LMPD division in which the incident actually occurredLMPD_BEAT - the LMPD beat in which the incident actually occurredPREMISE_TYPE - the type of location in which the incident occurred (e.g. Restaurant)BLOCK_ADDRESS - the location the incident occurredCITY - the city associated to the incident block locationZIP_CODE - the zip code associated to the incident block locationID - Unique identifier for internal databaseContact:Crime Information CenterCrimeInfoCenterDL@louisvilleky.gov

Crime severity index (violent, non-violent, youth) and weighted clearance rates (violent, non-violent), Canada, provinces, territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 1998 to 2024.

This map shows the total crime index in the U.S. in 2020 in a multi-scale map (by state, county, ZIP Code, tract, and block group). The pop-up is configured to include the following information for each geography level:Total crime indexPersonal and Property crime indices Sub-categories of personal and property crime indicesThe values are all referenced by an index value. The index values for the US level are 100, representing average crime for the country. A value of more than 100 represents higher crime than the national average, and a value of less than 100 represents lower crime than the national average. For example, an index of 120 implies that crime in the area is 20 percent higher than the US average; an index of 80 implies that crime is 20 percent lower than the US average.Additional Esri Resources:Esri DemographicsU.S. 2020/2025 Esri Updated DemographicsEssential demographic vocabularyEsri's arcgis.com demographic map layersPermitted use of this data is covered in the DATA section of the Esri Master Agreement (E204CW) and these supplemental terms.

Web app displaying 2021-YTD NIBRS crime data. Data is included for all areas that the St. Louis County Police Department and the St. Louis County Park Rangers patrol. Additionally, data is included for the following police departments in St. Louis County: Ballwin, Bel Nor, Bel Ridge, Bella Villa, Bellefontaine Neighbors, Breckenridge Hills, Brentwood, Bridgeton, Country Club Hills, Chesterfield, Clayton, Crestwood, Creve Coeur, Des Peres, Ellisville, Eureka, Frontenac, Hillsdale, Kirkwood, Ladue, Lakeshire, Moline Acres, Maplewood, Normandy, Olivette, Overland, Pagedale, Riverview, Richmond Heights, Rock Hill, Saint Louis County, Shrewsbury, St. John, Sunset Hills, Town & Country, Velda City, Webster Groves, and Woodson Terrace.The data in this map should not be compared to previous UCR Part 1 crime data provided by the department. NIBRS data is counted differently, and comparisons made between the data will not be accurate.

This dataset contains aggregate data on violent index victimizations at the quarter level of each year (i.e., January – March, April – June, July – September, October – December), from 2001 to the present (1991 to present for Homicides), with a focus on those related to gun violence. Index crimes are 10 crime types selected by the FBI (codes 1-4) for special focus due to their seriousness and frequency. This dataset includes only those index crimes that involve bodily harm or the threat of bodily harm and are reported to the Chicago Police Department (CPD). Each row is aggregated up to victimization type, age group, sex, race, and whether the victimization was domestic-related. Aggregating at the quarter level provides large enough blocks of incidents to protect anonymity while allowing the end user to observe inter-year and intra-year variation. Any row where there were fewer than three incidents during a given quarter has been deleted to help prevent re-identification of victims. For example, if there were three domestic criminal sexual assaults during January to March 2020, all victims associated with those incidents have been removed from this dataset. Human trafficking victimizations have been aggregated separately due to the extremely small number of victimizations.

This dataset includes a " GUNSHOT_INJURY_I " column to indicate whether the victimization involved a shooting, showing either Yes ("Y"), No ("N"), or Unknown ("UKNOWN.") For homicides, injury descriptions are available dating back to 1991, so the "shooting" column will read either "Y" or "N" to indicate whether the homicide was a fatal shooting or not. For non-fatal shootings, data is only available as of 2010. As a result, for any non-fatal shootings that occurred from 2010 to the present, the shooting column will read as “Y.” Non-fatal shooting victims will not be included in this dataset prior to 2010; they will be included in the authorized dataset, but with "UNKNOWN" in the shooting column.

The dataset is refreshed daily, but excludes the most recent complete day to allow CPD time to gather the best available information. Each time the dataset is refreshed, records can change as CPD learns more about each victimization, especially those victimizations that are most recent. The data on the Mayor's Office Violence Reduction Dashboard is updated daily with an approximately 48-hour lag. As cases are passed from the initial reporting officer to the investigating detectives, some recorded data about incidents and victimizations may change once additional information arises. Regularly updated datasets on the City's public portal may change to reflect new or corrected information.

How does this dataset classify victims?

The methodology by which this dataset classifies victims of violent crime differs by victimization type:

Homicide and non-fatal shooting victims: A victimization is considered a homicide victimization or non-fatal shooting victimization depending on its presence in CPD's homicide victims data table or its shooting victims data table. A victimization is considered a homicide only if it is present in CPD's homicide data table, while a victimization is considered a non-fatal shooting only if it is present in CPD's shooting data tables and absent from CPD's homicide data table.

To determine the IUCR code of homicide and non-fatal shooting victimizations, we defer to the incident IUCR code available in CPD's Crimes, 2001-present dataset (available on the City's open data portal). If the IUCR code in CPD's Crimes dataset is inconsistent with the homicide/non-fatal shooting categorization, we defer to CPD's Victims dataset.

For a criminal homicide, the only sensible IUCR codes are 0110 (first-degree murder) or 0130 (second-degree murder). For a non-fatal shooting, a sensible IUCR code must signify a criminal sexual assault, a robbery, or, most commonly, an aggravated battery. In rare instances, the IUCR code in CPD's Crimes and Victims dataset do not align with the homicide/non-fatal shooting categorization:

1. In instances where a homicide victimization does not correspond to an IUCR code 0110 or 0130, we set the IUCR code to "01XX" to indicate that the victimization was a homicide but we do not know whether it was a first-degree murder (IUCR code = 0110) or a second-degree murder (IUCR code = 0130).
2. When a non-fatal shooting victimization does not correspond to an IUCR code that signifies a criminal sexual assault, robbery, or aggravated battery, we enter “UNK” in the IUCR column, “YES” in the GUNSHOT_I column, and “NON-FATAL” in the PRIMARY column to indicate that the victim was non-fatally shot, but the precise IUCR code is unknown.

Other violent crime victims: For other violent crime types, we refer to the IUCR classification that exists in CPD's victim table, with only one exception:

1. When there is an incident that is associated with no victim with a matching IUCR code, we assume that this is an error. Every crime should have at least 1 victim with a matching IUCR code. In these cases, we change the IUCR code to reflect the incident IUCR code because CPD's incident table is considered to be more reliable than the victim table.

Note: All businesses identified as victims in CPD data have been removed from this dataset.

Note: The definition of “homicide” (shooting or otherwise) does not include justifiable homicide or involuntary manslaughter. This dataset also excludes any cases that CPD considers to be “unfounded” or “noncriminal.”

Note: In some instances, the police department's raw incident-level data and victim-level data that were inputs into this dataset do not align on the type of crime that occurred. In those instances, this dataset attempts to correct mismatches between incident and victim specific crime types. When it is not possible to determine which victims are associated with the most recent crime determination, the dataset will show empty cells in the respective demographic fields (age, sex, race, etc.).

Note: The initial reporting officer usually asks victims to report demographic data. If victims are unable to recall, the reporting officer will use their best judgment. “Unknown” can be reported if it is truly unknown.

This paper studies the effects of immigration on crime and crime perceptions in Chile, where the foreign-born population tripled in less than ten years. We document null effects of immigration on crime but positive and significant effects on crime-related concerns and on preventive behavioral responses, such as investing in home security. We explore several channels and provide suggestive evidence related to low versus high-education immigrants, ethnic-related intergroup threats, and the role of local media.