In 2023, around 4.5 million incidents of crime were recorded in China. That was about 73,000 cases more than in the previous year, when 4.42 million incidents were reported. Crime in China The total number of crimes in China increased steadily from around 2.2 million incidents in 1999 to nearly 7.2 million in 2015. Since 2015, the number of recorded crimes started to drop, most probably due to new protection and surveillance technologies. In relation to the population size of 1.4 billion people in China, the number of crimes committed is not very high compared to other countries. For example, the United Sates reported more crimes in 2022 than all of China, although the total population of China was considerably greater. The crime rate of Singapore, as an example for a country in the Asia Pacific region, is also quite a bit higher than in China. However, one must bear in mind that the definition of crimes, the willingness to report crimes, and accounting measures may vary in different countries. Most common crimes in China When it comes to different types of crimes, theft and fraud are far the most common crimes committed in China. In 2023, these two categories accounted for around 60 percent of all criminal incidents. Theft was also the crime that decreased most in recent years, while technological options for property protection and surveillance in general have improved significantly. The number of murders was relatively low at 5,443 cases, which was around 0.39 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.

In 2023, there were around 1.7 million fraud crimes recorded in China. This made fraud the most common crime committed. The number of fraud crimes showed constant fluctuations in recent years, while theft crimes decreased considerably. Crime situation in China According to governmental statistics, the total number of crimes committed in China has decreased over the past years, amounting to 4.42 million cases in 2022, the lowest number in the last ten years. However, the number of arrests of criminal suspects in China reached a high in 2019 with over 1.09 million arrests, receding only recently due to the coronavirus pandemic. Fraud, theft, and assault were the top three types of crimes in China. The country has a lower murder rate compared to many other countries in the world. City safety in China Generally speaking, the crime rate is associated with population density. In regions with higher population densities, there are also more theft and robbery crimes committed. Even though some Chinese cities have the highest population densities in the world, the crime rate of these regions are still low when compared to global rates. Cities in China are also widely covered with closed-circuit television cameras, which have contributed positively to the reduction of crimes as well as to the crime detection rate.

In 2023, there were around 0.98 million theft crimes registered by the police in China. While the number of theft cases has decreased considerably in recent years, fraud crimes have fluctuated.

Crime is a significant social, economic, and legal issue. This paper presents an open-access spatiotemporal repository of street and neighborhood crime data, comprising approximately one million records of crimes in China, with specific geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) and timestamps for each incident. The dataset is based on publicly available law court judgment documents. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are employed to extract crime events at the neighborhood or even building level from vast amounts of unstructured judicial text. This dataset enables more precise spatial analysis of crime incidents, offering valuable insights across interdisciplinary fields such as economics, sociology, and geography. It contributes significantly to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in fostering sustainable cities and communities, and plays a crucial role in advancing efforts to reduce all forms of violence and related mortality rates.

The statistic shows the proportion of criminal offences recorded in China in 2023, by type of crime. In 2023, counterfeiting made up 0.02 percent of all criminal offences committed in China.

Crime is a significant social, economic, and legal issue. This paper presents an open-access spatiotemporal repository of street and neighborhood crime data, comprising approximately one million records of crimes in China, with specific geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) and timestamps for each incident. The dataset is based on publicly available law court judgment documents. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are employed to extract crime events at the neighborhood or even building level from vast amounts of unstructured judicial text. This dataset enables more precise spatial analysis of crime incidents, offering valuable insights across interdisciplinary fields such as economics, sociology, and geography. It contributes significantly to the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly in fostering sustainable cities and communities, and plays a crucial role in advancing efforts to reduce all forms of violence and related mortality rates.

In 2023, there were around 5,443 murder cases registered by the police in China. While the number of murder cases has decreased gradually over recent years, the number of rape crimes has remained comparatively stable.

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This paper presents the first analysis of ethnic discrimination in sentencing patterns in the People's Republic of China, focusing on drug cases in Yunnan province. We posit the ``problem minority" hypothesis, which holds that discrimination in an authoritarian system emerges when an ethnic group becomes associated with behavior that generates social instability. On average, minority defendants in Yunnan receive sentences that are about 2.1 to 7.5 months longer than Han defendants that have committed similar drug crimes. Further analysis of data from all provinces reveals that this bias is largest for groups heavily involved in the drug trade, and in provinces with significant minority populations and drugs.

Wildlife crimes that involve smuggling threaten national security and biodiversity, cause regional conflicts, and hinder economic development, especially in developing countries with abundant wildlife resources. Over the past few decades, significant headway has been made in combating wildlife smuggling and the related illegal domestic trade in China. Previous studies on the wildlife smuggling trade were mostly based on customs punishment and confiscation data. From the China Judgments Online website, we retrieved cases related to cross-border wildlife and wildlife products smuggling from 2014 to 2020. A total of 510 available cases and 927 records for more than 110 species were registered. We thoroughly studied each judgment and ruling file to extract information on cases, defendants, species, sentences, and origins and destinations of wildlife and wildlife products. Furthermore, frequency of origin-destination place occurrences and spatial patterns of cross-border wildlife crime in China were shown in this data paper. The main purpose of our dataset is to make these wildlife and wildlife products trade data accessible for researchers to develop conservation studies. We expect that this dataset will be valuable for network analysis of regional or global wildlife trafficking, which has attracted global attention. There are no copyright restrictions on the data; we ask that researchers please cite this paper and the associated dataset when using the data in publications. Methods Data source: The China Judgments Online (CJO) website (https://wenshu.court.gov.cn) provides electronic public access to court records. In 2010, 2013, and 2016, the Supreme People’s Court promulgated and revised the provisions on the publication of judicial documents by people’s courts on the Internet, and the publication of judicial documents has become the responsibility and obligation of courts at all levels (Wu, 2022). Since January 1, 2014, judgment documents must be published on CJO within seven days of their enforcement, and cannot be amended, replaced or revoked without court authority. Up to now, the CJO has become an important channel for the publication of judgments documents.

Data collection: The collection time of this dataset is up to September 2021. We searched for “wildlife” and “smuggling” on the China referee’s website. Then, we screened these judgment documents according to the following criteria: (I) the full text can be accessed, and the case involves the crimes of illegal hunting, sale, acquisition, transportation, or smuggling of wildlife or wildlife products (including rare and endangered wildlife or wildlife products) overseas and (II) when there are multiple judgment documents in the same lawsuit, such as any subsequent retrial of a case, filing and hearing of different perpetrators in batches, a consistent case number (record) was assigned.

Data compilation: These judicial documents provide the process of tracing criminal information. We collected as detailed information as possible, such as the date of the seizure, the location of the seizure, the type of illegal activities, the items seized, the source of the items seized, and the actual or expected destination. We used these criteria: (I) on the premise of protecting the personal information in the judgment documents, we obtained the education level and nationality of the principal defendants; (II) for the origin and destination of wildlife or its products, in addition to recording the national, provincial, county, and city levels, the information should be as accurate as possible to specific geographical names by obtaining longitude and latitude coordinate data through Baidu map (https://map.baidu.com/) and Google map (https://www.google.com/maps); and (III) for the identification of “crocodile,” “modern elephant,” “pangolin scale,” and other identifications that are not accurate to the species level in the judgment documents, only the upper classification (genus) level was recorded (i.e., “Crocodylus,” “Loxodonta,” “Manis”; Figure 3). If only the Chinese common name of the species was given but the Latin scientific name was not given, we queried the corresponding species in the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)’s Red List of Threatened Species (hereafter: IUCN Red List; https://www.iucnredlist.org) for supplemental information. Eventually these records were translated from Chinese to English.

Quality control: Due to the need to extract information by reading many parties’ statements, defenders’ opinions, examination instructions, and other words, the preliminary preparation was mainly to discuss the standardized methods and steps of data collection, and the division of labor and training of personnel involved in data collection tasks. In the data entry and summary stage, established data collection methods and steps were followed to reduce human errors. In the data inspection stage, we cross checked the obtained data and missing values with the author to ensure the accuracy of data input. If there were questions, the lead author and Luo would revisit the original judgment documents and make a final decision after discussion with the other authors.

According to the People's Supreme Court, fraud was the most prevalent internet crime in China in 2021, accounting for around one-third of all cases. The court has 282 categories for online crimes, but the majority of recorded cases falls back on fraud, conspiracy to aid in a cybercrime, and running online casinos.

Climate change is having profound effects on natural and socio-economic systems, especially via extreme climate events. Using panel data from 129 prefectural-level cities in China from 2013 to 2019, this paper explores the effects of extreme climate on crime rates based on a climate index and manual collection of crime data. The results showed that extreme climate has a significant positive effect on crime rates, increasing by 0.035% for every 1% increase in the extreme climate index. This occurs through two mechanistic pathways: reduced agricultural output and lower employment income. The heterogeneity analysis shows that extreme climate has a greater impact on crime rates in eastern areas which are economically developed and have high levels of immigration. This study provides new perspectives on the impact of extreme climate on the economy and society, in which governments can actively participate in climate governance through environmental protection, energy conservation and emission reduction, and technological innovation to reduce crime rates by reducing the occurrence of extreme climate.

BackgroundTo avoid public health risks, all governments ensure monitoring and treatment of mentally ill persons if they offend and assess their level of criminal responsibility. The Criminal Procedure Law of the People’s Republic of China (2013) instituted special procedures. However, there are few articles in English which explain the implementation of mandatory treatment procedures in China.MethodsWe collected 5,262 qualified documents from 2013 to 2021 from the China Judgments Documents Online. We analyzed social demographic characteristics, trial-related information as well as the mandatory treatment-related content, to investigate the mandatory treatment of China’s mentally ill offenders without criminal responsibility, from 2013 to 2021. Simple descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to compare differences among several types of documents.ResultsThere was an overall change trend of the number of documents: increasing year by year from 2013 to 2019 after the implementation of the new law, but with sharp decrease in 2020 and 2021 during covid-19 pandemic. From 2013 to 2021, a total of 3,854 people had applications made for mandatory treatment, of whom 3,747 (97.2%) were given mandatory treatment, 107 (2.8%) had applications rejected. “Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders” was the most common diagnosis in both groups and all offenders receiving mandatory treatment (3,747, 100.0%) were considered to have no criminal responsibility. A total of 1,294 patients had applications made for relief of mandatory treatment, of whom 827 (63.9%) were subsequently approved for relief, 467 (36.1%) were rejected. A total of 118 patients had applications for relief two or more times, and 56 (47.5%) were finally relieved.ConclusionOur study presents the Chinese model of a criminal mandatory treatment system to the international community which has been in operation since the implementation of the new law. Legislatory changes and covid-19 pandemic can have effect on the number of mandatory treatment cases. Patients, their close relatives and mandatory treatment institutions have the right to apply for relief from mandatory treatment, but the final decision in China is taken by the court.

Hong Kong HK: Intentional Homicides: Female: per 100,000 Female data was reported at 0.967 Ratio in 2013. This records an increase from the previous number of 0.316 Ratio for 2012. Hong Kong HK: Intentional Homicides: Female: per 100,000 Female data is updated yearly, averaging 0.506 Ratio from Dec 2004 (Median) to 2013, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.967 Ratio in 2013 and a record low of 0.239 Ratio in 2011. Hong Kong HK: Intentional Homicides: Female: per 100,000 Female data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong SAR – Table HK.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Intentional homicides, female are estimates of unlawful female homicides purposely inflicted as a result of domestic disputes, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, intergang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. Intentional homicide does not include all intentional killing; the difference is usually in the organization of the killing. Individuals or small groups usually commit homicide, whereas killing in armed conflict is usually committed by fairly cohesive groups of up to several hundred members and is thus usually excluded.; ; UN Office on Drugs and Crime's International Homicide Statistics database.; ;

This statistic shows the number of arrests of criminal suspects in China between 2013 and 2023. In 2023, around 726,210 people were arrested in China, a significant decrease compared to the previous year. The low figure in 2020 was most likely mainly related to the coronavirus pandemic.

Criminal justice, Administration of-China-Hong Kong is a book subject. It includes 3 books, written by 1 different authors.

Certificate of No Criminal Conviction: No. of Application Received data was reported at 2,640.000 Unit in Feb 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,608.000 Unit for Jan 2025. Certificate of No Criminal Conviction: No. of Application Received data is updated monthly, averaging 2,634.000 Unit from Jan 2017 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 98 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 4,401.000 Unit in Nov 2023 and a record low of 1,488.000 Unit in Feb 2018. Certificate of No Criminal Conviction: No. of Application Received data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Hong Kong Police Force. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong SAR (China) – Table HK.G129: Certificate of No Criminal Conviction.

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Forensic Equipment Supplies Market Size 2024-2028

The forensic equipment supplies market size is forecast to increase by USD 1.11 billion at a CAGR of 8.1% between 2023 and 2028.

The market is witnessing significant growth due to the increasing usage of toxicology testing in various industries, including pharmaceutical and biotechnology. Toxicology testing plays a crucial role in identifying the presence of harmful substances, such as agricultural pesticides and food additives, which can contribute to chronic diseases. In addition, advances in toxicology techniques are enabling more accurate and efficient testing, leading to increased demand for forensic equipment. However, the lack of skilled professionals In the field poses a challenge to market growth. Furthermore, the need for biometric identification in healthcare services and law enforcement is driving the demand for advanced forensic equipment. Digital evidence is another growing area of focus, with the increasing use of technology in crime investigations. Overall, these trends and challenges are shaping the growth dynamics of the market.

What will be the Size of the Forensic Equipment Supplies Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market encompasses a diverse range of supplies and technologies utilized in forensic sciences for criminal investigations and legal proceedings. This market includes DNA analytical devices for profiling and identification, fingerprint analysis systems, forensic toxicology tools for substance detection, and ballistic analysis equipment for gunshot residue analysis. The market's growth is driven by the increasing number of crimes and the subsequent demand for advanced forensic technologies to analyze evidence. Digital forensics, a significant segment, continues to gain traction due to the proliferation of digital devices and the need to extract data for investigative purposes. Public-private investments in forensic sciences and the integration of forensic technologies into criminology further fuel market expansion.
Industry releases indicate ongoing innovation in DNA profiling, toxicology controls, and other forensic sciences, ensuring the market remains dynamic and responsive to evolving criminal activities. Product literature and market reports provide valuable insights into the latest trends and developments in this vital sector.

How is this Forensic Equipment Supplies Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Application

  Drug testing
  DNA analysis
  Biometrics
  Blood analysis
  Others


End-user

  Law enforcement agencies
  Healthcare
  Others


Geography

  North America

    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK


  Asia

    China
    Japan


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Application Insights

The drug testing segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Forensic sciences play a crucial role in criminal investigations by providing evidence for legal purposes. Forensic equipment and supplies are essential tools used in various forensic disciplines, including DNA analysis, digital forensics, toxicology, and fingerprint analysis. DNA analytical devices, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) systems, help identify individuals through DNA profiling. Fingerprint powders and brushes are used to develop latent prints for identification. Evidence collection kits ensure proper handling and preservation of trace evidence. Advancements in forensic technologies have led to the development of new tools and techniques for crime scene investigation. For instance, toxicology controls, supermixes, antibodies, enzymes, primers, probes, and specific-detection agents are used in toxicology for drug testing and toxicity testing.

Reaction tubes, needles, pipettes, clippers, vials, and labels are consumables used in various forensic analyses. Crime scene investigation involves the collection, identification, and analysis of physical evidence. This evidence can provide valuable insights into criminal activities and aid in solving complex cases. Product literature, industry releases, and legal proceedings provide essential information on new forensic technologies and their applications. Public-private investments in forensic sciences have led to significant advancements in forensic technologies. For example, DNA profiling has revolutionized criminology by providing a powerful tool for identifying suspects and solving crimes. Toxicology controls and specific-detection agents have improved drug testing and toxicity testing, making them more accurate and reliable.

Get a glance at the Forensic Equipment Supplies Industry report of share of vari

In 2021, the total number of money laundering convictions in China amounted to 31,883. China officially became a member of Financial Action Task Force (FATF) in 2007. Over the past years, China has greatly improved its framework on anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing measures under the guidance and supervision of FATF.

As a part of the effort to promote e-governance and judicial transparency, China has been promoting mass online digitalization of court, including an archive of judgment text (司法文书), a platform of online trial videos and live broadcasting (庭审直播), and a judgment implementation tracker (判决执行). China has become one of the few countries that allow cameras in the courtroom. Though a growing number of studies use court decision data, little research has been conducted on the court trial videos. The goal of the Chinese Courtroom Video Database is to meet the needs of those interested in broad research of government policy diffusion, judicial transparency, and judicial behavior in the China context by filling the vacancy in judicial data and providing a new perspective to the existing scholarship. The database includes two sets of data. The first dataset is a catalog of half-million entries of criminal and administrative trial videos in all 31 provinces from January 2013 to February 2019. Each profile records the basic information of a trial video, such as case identification number, date and time of the trial, participants, reason of trial, location of the court, number of views of the video, and other descriptions. The second dataset is a collection of 1,491 audio files of online criminal trials in Yunnan, China. Each audio was downloaded and converted from the original video. The datasets were collected using the Selenium package of Python and Downie, an online stream downloader.