In 2023, approximately *** theft offenses were recognized by the police per 100,000 inhabitants in Japan, representing the crime type that most frequently occurred in Japanese society. Property damage followed, with the rate of about **** cases among 100,000 of the population.

In 2023, the Japanese police recognized ***** Penal Code offenses among 100,000 inhabitants, reaching the *** mark for the first time in the 2020s. After reaching its peak in 2002 at ******* per 100,000 of the population, the crime rate in Japan continuously declined until ****.

In 2023, an overall clearance rate of Penal Code offenses in Japan stood at approximately 38.3 percent. That year, law enforcement in Shimane Prefecture reported the most successful arrest rate among Japanese prefectures, with 72.7 percent of criminal offenses cleared up.

As of April 2024, there were nearly 1,150 police stations in operation in Japan. Tokyo Prefecture, the country's capital and most populous prefecture, accounted for the highest number of police stations at just over 100.

In 2023, around 183,270 people were arrested for criminal law offenses in Japan. Tokyo Prefecture, the country's capital and most populous prefecture, accounted for the highest number of apprehended people at about 22,000.

Number, percentage and rate (per 100,000 population) of persons accused of homicide, by racialized identity group (total, by racialized identity group; racialized identity group; South Asian; Chinese; Black; Filipino; Arab; Latin American; Southeast Asian; West Asian; Korean; Japanese; other racialized identity group; multiple racialized identity; racialized identity, but racialized identity group is unknown; rest of the population; unknown racialized identity group), gender (all genders; male; female; gender unknown) and region (Canada; Atlantic region; Quebec; Ontario; Prairies region; British Columbia; territories), 2019 to 2024.

In the fiscal year 2023, the total annual budget of the National Police Agency (NPA) in Japan amounted to approximately 300.6 billion Japanese yen. The budget increased compared to around 289 billion Japanese yen in the previous year.

In the fiscal year 2023, the total budget of prefectural police in Japan amounted to approximately 3.43 trillion Japanese yen. This marked a slight increase from the previous year.

【リソース】WHITE PAPER ON CRIME 2007 / / PREFACE / NOTES / Principal Data_1 / Reported cases and crime rate / Persons cleared / Clearance rate / Overview_1 / Homicide_1 / Robbery / Fraud, etc. / Rape and forcible indecency / Damage to property / Giving and acceptance of bribes, etc. / Organized crime / Theft_1 / Principal Data_2 / Principal Special Act Offenses / Violations of the Minor Offenses Act, etc. / Violations of the Child Welfare Act, etc. / Violations of the Stalker Control Act, etc. / Violations of the Public Offices Election Act / Offenses Related to Newly Established Acts / Trends in traffic offenses / Disposition by public prosecutors offices_1 / Disposition by courts_1 / Recent legislations_1 / Tax evasion / Economic offenses / Financial offenses / Intellectual property-related offenses / Bankruptcy-related offenses / Newly established act-related offenses / Trends in high-technology offenses / Disposition by public prosecutors offices_2 / Comparison of Crime Trends with Other Countries / Major Offenses / Homicide_2 / Theft_2 / Offenses Committed by Japanese Nationals Outside Japan / Crime Victimization of Japanese Nationals Outside Japan / Overview_2 / Prosecution / Reception of Suspected Cases / Arrest and Detention of Suspects / Dispositions by Public Prosecutors Offices_1 / Trial / Defendants with a final judgement / The first instance / Appeals / Death penalty and life imprisonment with work / Imprisonment with or without work for a definite term / Fines / Detention and Bail / Correction of Adult Offenders / Rate of imprisonment of penal institutions / Number of inmates of penal institutions / Trend in number of newly admitted sentenced inmates / Characteristics of newly admitted sentenced inmates / Overview of treatment / Work / Correctional guidance / Medical care and hygiene, etc. / Maintenance of discipline and order / Grievance systems / Cooperation from outside volunteers / Penal Institution Visiting Committee / Fine defaulters in workhouses / Treatment of Unsentenced Inmates, etc. / Enforcement of Penal and Detention Facilities Act / Countermeasures to overcrowding / New treatment systems of inmates / Rehabilitation Services / Parole_1 / Number of parole applications / Number of parolees / Percent distribution of served sentence terms before parole / Parole of life imprisonment inmates / Probation / Parole Supervision_1 / Probationers / parolees under supervision / Treatment of probationers / parolees / Measures for probationers / parolees / Termination of probation / parole supervision / Assistance during supervision and urgent aftercare of discharged offenders / Halfway houses / Pardons / Nongovernmental support organizations / Crime prevention activities / Developments leading to the reform / Major contents of the reform / Trends in International Efforts in Criminal Justice / Measures against transnational organized crimes / Measures against terrorism and money laundering / Measures against drug-related offenses / Measures against crimes involving women and children / Measures against bribery and corruption / Measures against cybercrime / Transfer of sentenced persons / The International Criminal Court / Transnational fugitives from Japan / Extradition of fugitive offenders / Assistance in investigation, etc. / Judicial assistance / Newly entering foreign nationals / Foreign nationals who are illegally overstaying / Deportation / Penal code offenses / Special act offenses / Disposition by public prosecutors offices_3 / Disposition by courts_2 / Correction_1 / Probation and parole supervision / Trends in Boryokudan Members / Penal code offenses and special act offenses / Firearm offenses / Dispositions by public prosecutors offices_2 / Correction_2 / Probation / parole supervision_2 / Stimulants Control Act violations / Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act violations, etc. / Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Act violations / Seizure of stimulants, etc. / Implementation of the Act on Special Provisions for Narcotics / Disposition by public prosecutors offices_4 / Disposition by courts_3 / Correction_3 / Probation / parole supervision_3 / Trends in Crimes / Disposition by public prosecutors offices and courts / Correction_4 / Probation / parole supervision_4 / The Medical Supervision of Mentally Disordered Offenders Act / Hearings pertaining to public prosecutor's application / Medical care by hospitalization / Hearings pertaining to discharge or continuation of hospitalization / Treatment in local communities / Trends in Juvenile Delinquency / Juvenile delinquency / Juvenile delinquents / Number of juveniles cleared / Trends by attribute / Trends by type of offense / Complicity cases / Number of juveniles referred by the police / Drug offenses / Traffic offenses / Juveniles of Illegal Behavior under 14 Years of Age / Pre-delinquents / Domestic violence / Violence in schools / Bullying and delinquency / Overview_3 / Flow of procedures until referred to a family court /

【リソース】WHITE PAPER ON CRIME 2003 / / PREFACE / NOTES / Outline_1 / Trends in general penal code offenses excluding larceny / Trends in larceny / Trends in noteworthy penal code offenses / Outline_2 / Trends in special law offenses / Trends in traffic offenses / Treatment of traffic offenders / Trends in drug offenses / Crackdown status of drug offenses / Treatment of drug offenders / Tax evasion offenses / Economic offenses / Other economic offenses / Trends in offenses related to elections / Trends in the application of the regulation holding a candidate jointly responsible / Overview of high-technology related offenses / Measures against high-technology related offenses / Trends in firearm offenses / Disposition by public prosecutors offices and courts on Firearms and Swords Control Law violations / Trends in organized crime groups / Trends in offenses by organized crime groups / Treatment of organized crime group members / Offenses by Foreign Nationals / Trends of foreign nationals entering Japan / Trends in crimes by foreign nationals / Treatment of foreign offenders (received by public prosecutors offices) / Treatment of foreign offenders (disposition by courts) / Correction and rehabilitation of foreign offenders / Offenses by Public Officials / Overview_1 / Bribery and graft / Others / Penal code offenses committed by females / Special law offenses committed by females / Treatment of female offenders / Offenses by Mentally Disabled Persons / Trends in offenses committed by mentally disabled persons, etc. / Type of offense committed by insane persons or quasi-insane persons and type of mental disability they suffered / The mentally disabled in correctional institutions / Offenses Committed by Offenders with Criminal Histories / Offenses Committed by Adults Who Have Criminal Histories / Offenses Committed by Juvenile Offenders with Criminal Histories / Comparison with Crime Trends in Other Countries / Major Offenses / Homicide / Larceny / Overseas Travel and Overseas Residence by Japanese Nationals / Offenses Committed by Japanese Nationals Overseas / Offenses Committed against Japanese Nationals Overseas / Overview of Treatment_1 / Overview_2 / Reception of Suspected Cases / Arrest and Detention of Suspects / Disposition of Suspected Cases / Overview_3 / Defendants finally judged by trial / The first instance / Appeals / Death penalty / Imprisonment with labor for life / Imprisonment with or without labor for a limited term / Fines / Suspended sentence etc. / Detention and Bail / Criminal Compensation / State of Trials and Sentencing in Cases Involving Aum Shinrikyo Cult Members / Overview_4 / Trends in the average daily number of inmates etc. / Trends in the number of newly imprisoned offenders / Characteristics of newly imprisoned offenders / Reimprisonment / Basic systems for treatment / Prison work / Educational activities / Medical treatment and hygiene, etc. / Security / Grievance systems / Cooperation from the nongovernmental sector / Treatment of Inmates Awaiting Trial / Treatment in Women's Guidance Homes / Overview_5 / Organizations for rehabilitation services / Volunteer probation officers and their organizations / Juridical persons for offenders rehabilitation services / Nongovernmental support organizations / Overview of parole / Administration of parole / Other treatment measures / Overview_6 / State of probationary supervision / Various treatment measures / Treatment during probationary supervision_1 / Results of probationary supervision / Assistance during supervision, and urgent aftercare of discharged offenders / Halfway houses / Amnesties / Crime Prevention Activities / International Cooperation in Criminal Justice / United Nations / Summit meetings of leading countries / Other international conferences / Transnational fugitives from Japan / Extradition of fugitive offenders / Assistance in investigation etc. / Judicial assistance / Damage Due to Crime as Shown by Statistics / Number of Victims / Fatal and Bodily Damage / Property Damage / Victims of Sexual Offenses / Relationship Between Victims and Suspects / Criminal proceedings and victims / Benefit Payment Systems for Crime Victims, Etc. / Benefit payment systems for crime victims etc. / Automobile liability insurance systems / Law Concerning Compensation for Damage to Witnesses etc. / Trends in and Characteristics of Juvenile Delinquency / Trends in the number of juveniles cleared / Trends by age group and gender / Trends by type of offense / Trends in the number of juveniles referred by the police / Drug-related offenses / Traffic offenses / Trends in Status Offenses / Group delinquency / Educational and employment situation of delinquents / Family violence / School violence / Bullying and delinquency / Trends in the delinquent rate / Overview of Treatment_2 / Prosecution of juvenile cases / Juvenile hearing / Criminal trial of juveniles / Overview_7 / Admission and discharge_1 / Classification activities / Overview_8 / Adm

As of April 2024, the number of regional police officers in Japan amounted to approximately 262,000. The staff number showed minimal fluctuations throughout the surveyed period, with 2014 being the lowest at around 258.8 thousand. The term "regional police officers" refers to police officers employed in Japanese regional and prefectural police departments.

【リソース】WHITE PAPER ON CRIME 2009 / / PREFACE / NOTES / Principal Data_1 / Reported cases and crime rate / Persons cleared_1 / Clearance rate / Theft_1 / Non-traffic penal code offenses excluding theft / Principal Data_2 / Major Special Act Offenses / Violations of the Minor Offenses Act, etc. / Violations of the Waste Management Act, etc. / Violations of the Child Welfare Act, etc. / Violations of the Stalker Control Act, etc. / Violations of the Public Offices Election Act / Trends in traffic offenses / Disposition in public prosecutors offices_1 / Disposition in courts_1 / Tax related offenses / Economic offenses / Financial offenses / Intellectual property-related offenses / Bankruptcy-related offenses / Recent amendments / Trends in high-technology offenses / Disposition in public prosecutors offices_2 / Comparison of Crime Trends with Other Countries / Major Offenses / Homicide / Theft_2 / Offenses Committed by Japanese Nationals Outside of Japan / Offenses Committed against Japanese Nationals Outside of Japan / Overview_4 / Prosecution / Reception of Suspected Cases / Arrest and Detention of Suspects / Disposition in Public Prosecutors Offices_3 / Trial / Defendants with a final judgment / The first instance / Appeals / Death penalty and life imprisonment with work / Imprisonment with or without work for a limited term / Fine / Detention and Bail / Correction of Adult Offenders / Number of persons imprisoned in penal institutions / Occupancy rate and over-occupancy in penal institutions / Number of new inmates / Characteristics of new inmates / Penal Institution Visiting Committee / Serving of food, medical care, health, etc. / Cooperation of private sector / Maintenance of discipline and order / Appeal system / Overview of treatment / Work / Correctional guidance / Provision of information in regard to the release, etc. of inmates / Treatment of Presentenced Inmates, etc. / Penal Institutions Utilizing PFI Method / Rehabilitation Services / Parole / Number of persons for whom parole examinations were instigated / Number of parolees / Rate of served imprisonment terms / Parole of life imprisonment inmates / Probation/Parole Supervision_1 / Probationers/parolees / Treatment of probationers/parolees / Measures for probationers/parolees / Termination of probation / parole supervision, etc. / Urgent aid, etc. and urgent aftercare of discharged offenders / Halfway houses / Pardons / Volunteer probation officers / Private supporters/support organizations / Crime prevention activities / Trends in International Efforts in Criminal Justice / Measures against transnational organized crimes and terrorism / Measures against drug-related crime / Measures against money laundering / Measures against crimes involving children / Measures against bribery and corruption / Measures against cybercrime / Transfer of sentenced persons / The International Criminal Court / Transnational fugitives from Japan / Extradition of fugitive offenders / Assistance in investigations, etc. / Judicial assistance / Cooperation in training, etc. at UNAFEI / Legal system development support / Foreign nationals newly entered / Foreign nationals illegally overstaying / Deportation / Penal code offenses / Special act offenses / Disposition in public prosecutors offices_4 / Disposition in courts_2 / Correction_1 / Probation/parole supervision_2 / Trends in Boryokudan Members / Persons cleared_2 / Firearm offenses / Disposition in public prosecutors offices_5 / Correction_2 / Probation/parole supervision_3 / Stimulants Control Act violations / Cannabis Control Act violations, etc. / Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Act violations / Seizure of stimulants, etc. / Implementation of the Act on Special Provisions for Narcotics / Disposition in public prosecutors offices_6 / Disposition in courts_3 / Correction_3 / Probation/parole supervision_4 / Elderly Offenders / Trends in Offenses_1 / Disposition in public prosecutors offices_7 / Correction_4 / Probation/parole supervision_5 / Trends in Offenses_2 / Disposition in public prosecutors offices and courts / Correction_5 / Probation/parole supervision_6 / Hearing / Medical care by hospitalization / Discharge or continuation of hospitalization / Treatment in local communities / Trends in Juvenile Delinquency / Juveniles cleared / Trends by attribute / Trends by type of offense / Complicity cases / Number of juveniles referred to public prosecutors offices / Drug offenses / Traffic offenses / Pre-delinquents / Domestic violence / School violence / Bullying and delinquency / Overview_5 / Flow of procedure until referral to a family court / Flow of family court procedure / Flow of treatment procedure pertaining to protective measures / Flow of treatment procedure pertaining to criminal dispositions / Public prosecutors offices (until referral to family courts) / Family courts / Criminal trials / Classification in Juvenile Classification Homes / Admission and discharge / Classification activi

【リソース】WHITE PAPER ON CRIME 2006 / / PREFACE / NOTES / Principal Data_1 / Reported cases and crime rate / Persons cleared / Clearance rate / Overview_6 / Homicide_1 / Robbery / Fraud/Extortion / Counterfeiting of currency / Giving and acceptance of bribes / Organized crime / Theft_1 / Principal Data_2 / Principal Special Act Offenses / Violations of the Minor Offenses Act, etc. / Violations of the Child Welfare Act, etc. / Violations of the Public Offices Election Act / Offenses Related to Newly Established Acts / Trends in traffic offenses / Disposition by public prosecutors offices_1 / Disposition by courts_1 / Tax evasion / Economic offenses / Financial offenses / Bankruptcy-related offenses / Newly established act-related offenses / Trends in High-Technology Offenses / Disposition by public prosecutors offices_2 / Comparison of Crime Trends with Other Countries / Major Offenses / Homicide_2 / Theft_2 / Offenses Committed by Japanese Nationals Outside Japan / Crime Victimization of Japanese Nationals Outside Japan / Overview_7 / Prosecution_1 / Reception of Suspected Cases / Arrest and Detention of Suspects / Dispositions of the Public Prosecutors Office / Trial_1 / Defendants finally judged / The first instance / Appeals / Death penalty and life imprisonment with work / Imprisonment with or without work with a definite term / Fines / Detention and Bail / Correction of Adult Offenders / Rate of imprisonment of penal institutions / Number of inmates of penal institutions / Trend in number of newly admitted inmates / Characteristics of newly admitted inmates / Overview of treatment / Work / Correctional guidance / Medical care and hygiene etc. / Maintenance of discipline and order / Grievance systems / Cooperation from volunteers outside / Fine defaulters in workhouses / Treatment of Untried Inmates / Treatment in Women's Guidance Homes / Rehabilitation Services / Parole / Number of parole applications / Number of parolees / Proportion of served sentence terms before parole / Parole of life imprisonment inmates / Probation and Parole Supervision_1 / Probationers and parolees under supervision / Treatment for probationers and parolees / Measures for probationers and parolees / Termination of probationary supervision_1 / Assistance during supervision and urgent aftercare of discharged offenders / Halfway houses / Amnesties / BBS associations / Women's Association for Rehabilitation Aid / Cooperative employers / United Nations / Summit meetings of leading countries / Others_1 / Transnational fugitives from Japan / Extradition of fugitive offenders / Assistance in investigation etc. / Judicial assistance / Newly entering foreign nationals / Foreign nationals who are illegally overstaying / Deportation / Penal code offenses / Special act offenses / Disposition by public prosecutors offices_3 / Disposition by courts_2 / Correction_1 / Probation and parole supervision_2 / Trends in Organization / Penal code offenses and special act offenses / Firearm offenses / Dispositions by public prosecutors offices / Correction_2 / Probation and parole supervision_3 / Stimulants Control Act violations / Narcotics and Psychotropics Control Act violations, etc. / Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Act violations / Seizure of stimulants, etc. / Implementation of the Act on Special Provisions for Narcotics / Disposition by public prosecutors offices_4 / Disposition by courts_3 / Correction_3 / Probation and parole supervision_4 / Trends in Crimes / Disposition by public prosecutors office and courts / Correction_4 / Probation and parole supervision_5 / Act on Medical Care and Treatment for Insane Persons or Persons with Diminished Capacity Who Have Caused Serious Injury to Others / Hearings pertaining to public prosecutor's application / Medical care by hospitalization / Hearings pertaining to discharge or continuation of hospitalization / Treatment in local communities / Repeat offenders among persons cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses / Previously convicted persons among adult offenders cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses / Previously convicted persons among those prosecuted / Revocation of suspension of execution of sentence / Correction_5 / Probation and Parole Supervision_6 / Trends in Juvenile Delinquency / Number of juveniles cleared / Trends by attribute / Trend in type of offense / Complicity cases / Number of juveniles referred by the police / Drug offenses / Traffic offenses / Juveniles of Illegal Behavior under 14 Years of Age / Pre-delinquents / Juvenile violence in families / Violence in schools / Overview_8 / Flow of treatment procedure until referred to a family court / Flow of treatment procedure at a family court / Flow of treatment procedure pertaining to protect

This study considers semiparametric spatial autoregressive models that allow for endogenous regressors, as well as the heterogenous effects of these regressors across spatial units. For the model estimation, we propose a semiparametric series generalized method of moments estimator. We establish that the proposed estimator is both consistent and asymptotically normal. As an empirical illustration, we apply the proposed model and method to Tokyo crime data to estimate how the existence of a neighborhood police substation (NPS) affects the household burglary rate. The results indicate that the presence of an NPS helps reduce household burglaries, and that the effects of some variables are heterogenous with respect to residential distribution patterns. Furthermore, we show that using a model that does not adjust for the endogeneity of NPS does not allow us to observe the significant relationship between NPS and the household burglary rate. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.

【リソース】WHITE PAPER ON CRIME 2010 / / PREFACE / NOTES / Principal Data / Reported cases and crime rate / Persons cleared_1 / Clearance rate / Theft_1 / Non-traffic penal code offenses excluding theft / Principal Data / Major Special Act Offenses / Public security / Environment/public morals / Child Welfare Act violations, etc. / Stalker Control Act violations, etc. / Public Offices Election Act violations / Trends in traffic offenses / Disposition in public prosecutors offices_1 / Disposition in courts_1 / Tax related offenses / Economic offenses / Financial offenses / Intellectual property-related offenses / Trends in high-technology offenses / Disposition in public prosecutors offices_2 / Comparison of Crime Trends with Other Countries / Major Offenses / Homicide / Theft_2 / Offenses Committed by Japanese Nationals Outside of Japan / Offenses Committed against Japanese Nationals Outside of Japan / Overview_1 / Procedure in public prosecutors offices / Procedure in courts / Treatment through the correction procedure / Treatment through the rehabilitation procedure / Reception of Suspected Cases / Arrest and Detention of Suspects / Disposition in Public Prosecutors Offices_3 / Final Judgments_1 / Final judgments_2 / Sentencing / Pretrial arrangement proceeding / Speedy trial procedure / Detention and bail / Summary Trial Procedure / Appeals / Correction of Adult Offenders / Number of persons imprisoned in penal institutions / Occupancy rate in penal institutions / Number of new inmates / Characteristics of new inmates / Penal Institution Visiting Committee / Provision of food, medical care, health guards, etc. / Private sector cooperation / Maintenance of discipline and order / Appeal system / Overview of treatment / Work / Correctional guidance / Provision of information in regard to the release, etc. of inmates / Treatment of Inmates Awaiting Judgment, etc. / Penal Institutions Utilizing PFI Method / Rehabilitation Services / Parole_1 / Parole examination / Number of parolees / Rate of served terms of imprisonment / Parole of life imprisonment inmates / Probation/Parole Supervision_1 / Number of probationers/parolees, etc. / Treatment of probationers/parolees / Measures for probationers/parolees / Termination of probation/parole supervision / Urgent aid, etc. and aftercare of discharged offenders / Halfway houses / Pardons / Volunteer probation officers / Private supporters/support organizations / Crime prevention activities / Trends in International Efforts in Criminal Justice / Measures against transnational organized crime and terrorism / Measures against drug-related crimes / Measures against money laundering / Measures against crime against children / Measures against bribery and corruption / Measures against cybercrime / Transfer of sentenced persons / The International Criminal Court / Transnational fugitives from Japan / Extradition of fugitive offenders, etc. / Assistance in investigations, etc. / Judicial assistance / Cooperation in training, etc. at UNAFEI / Technical assistance in the legal field / Foreign nationals newly entered, etc. / Foreign nationals illegally overstaying / Deportation / Penal code offenses / Special act offenses / Disposition in public prosecutors offices_4 / Disposition in courts_2 / Correction_1 / Probation/parole supervision_2 / Trends with <iBoryokudan</i Members / Persons cleared_2 / Firearm offenses / Disposition in public prosecutors offices_5 / Correction_2 / Probation/parole supervision_3 / Stimulants Control Act violations / Cannabis Control Act violations, etc. / Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Act violations / Seizure of stimulants, etc. / Implementation of the Act on Special Provisions for Narcotics / Disposition in public prosecutors offices_6 / Disposition in courts_3 / Correction_3 / Probation/parole supervision_4 / Elderly Offenders / Trends in Offenses_1 / Disposition in public prosecutors offices_7 / Correction_4 / Probation/parole supervision_5 / Trends in Offenses_2 / Public prosecutors offices/trials / Correction_5 / Probation/parole supervision_6 / The Act on Medical Care and Treatment for Insane Persons, etc. / Hearing / Medical care through hospitalization / Discharge or continued hospitalization / Treatment within local communities / Repeat offenders cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses / Previously convicted adults cleared for non-traffic penal code offenses / Previously convicted persons among those prosecuted / Revocation of suspension of execution of the sentence / Reimprisoned inmates_1 / Reimprisonment of released inmates / Employment status / Status of probationers/parolees / Redisposition, etc. of probationers/parolees / Trends in Juvenile Delinquency / Juveniles cleared / Trends by attribute / Trends by type of offense / Complicity cases / Number of juveniles referred to public prosecutors / Drug offenses / Traffic offenses / Pre-delinquents / Domestic violence / Violence at schools / Bullying and delinquency /

In 2023, the Japanese police cleared around *****percent of the recognized Penal Code offenses in Japan, representing a decrease from the previous year. The clearance rate was lowest in 2001 at just below ** percent but recovered to over ** percent in the late *****.

In 2023, the total number of sentenced male inmates in Japanese penal institutions amounted to approximately 30,970. The majority of which were sentenced to imprisonment without partial suspension of execution.

In 2023, the number of sentenced female inmates in Japanese penal institutions amounted to 2,917. The majority of which were sentenced to imprisonment without partial suspension of execution.

In 2023, there were around ******* arrests following criminal law offenses in Japan. Tokyo Prefecture, the country's capital and most populous prefecture, accounted for the highest number of arrests at around ******.

The number of recorded rapes in Japan increased to approximately ***** cases in 2024 from the previous year. The number of reported non-consensual indecencies also increased to nearly ***** cases. In 2023, amendments to the Penal Code expanded the definition of rape, which up to that point was interpreted as forced intercourse, including forced anal and oral sex, to non-consensual intercourse.