Crime Trends in India from 2001 to 2020

A Statistical Overview of Criminal Victimization and Offender Action

By Rajanand Ilangovan [source]

About this dataset

This Dataset provides an up-to-date analysis of crime trends in India from 2001 to the present. It contains complete information about different types of crimes such as rape, murder, and theft that were committed across India. By analyzing this dataset we can determine the areas where crimes were most prevalent, what type of offenders were usually involved in the crime and which year had the highest number of registered cases. Additionally, we can also analyse which group experienced most complaints and what kind of punishments or consequences they faced like departmental enquiries, magisterial enquiries or police personnel trials completed. This data set is perfect for further research into crime trends in India and will help us better understand why certain types of crimes take place more frequently than others

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How to use the dataset

• Area Name (state or UT) where the crime was reported. • Year in which the crime was reported. • Subgroup (type of crime). • Number of cases registered, number of cases reported for departmental action etc., related to a particular type of crime and state/UT.
• Number of complaints/cases declared false/unsubstantiated, number of police personnel convictions etc., related to a particular type of crime and state/UT.
• Number of cases in which offenders were others known persons to the victims, neighbours or relatives to the victims etc., related to a particular type of crime and state/UT.

By studying this dataset one might explore different angles by analysing factors like:

• What are the top states with high rate criminal activities? Which areas are relatively safer?
• Are any states witnessing higher incidences than national average levels? Alternatively, are there any regions which have recorded lower rates than national average levels?
• What is trend between sub crimes across India both regional & time wise? How has it changed over time ? (2001-20) ;
Movement among crimes on monthly basis during period 2001 - 2020 Comparison among ages , genders & professions involved with Crime Rates && Timeline comparison between Types Of Crime , Crimes Involving Police Personnel Contractors in Crimes as timeline . Immigration Report . Is absolute difference btw urban & rural up from previous years ? Open conversations about what government efforts need more focus & why . Fundamentals impacting reducing / increasing rate behind closed doors . Any impactful key insights about SelfDefence Degree given out that year highlighting decreasing / increasing amount if increase thenwhat extra activity got curated btw that law was enacted vs before enactment if possible Outliers Analysis on same murders done by pediphiles or sexual assault against women under minorities if exists

Research Ideas

• Analyzing crime trends over time by analyzing the Year, Sub_group and Area_Name columns to understand different types of crimes and patterns of criminal activity in India.

• Evaluating the effectiveness of police response to different types of crimes, such as comparing the CPA_-_Cases_Registered, CPA_-_Cases_Reported_for_Dept._Action and CPB_-_Police_PersonnelAcquitted data fields across different time periods, sub-groups and areas to assess how well law enforcement is responding to crimes reported.

• Tracking changes in punishment awarded for different crimes by analyzing the CPC_-_Police_-Personnel_-Major-Punishment_-awarded data field for changes over ti...

In 2022, there were 1952 crime cases reported per 100,000 inhabitants in the Indian city of Delhi. This was followed by the city of Kochi, with over *** thousand criminal cases that year.

Data on total Accidental deaths and suicides for 2021

We will build you a custom India crime dataset based on your needs. Data points may include date, time, location, crime type, crime description, victim demographics, offender demographics, arrest records, charges filed, court outcomes, police department response time, incident outcome, weapon used, property stolen or damaged, crime location type, and other related data.

Use our India crime datasets for a range of applications to enhance public safety and policy effectiveness. Analyzing these datasets can help organizations understand crime patterns and trends across different regions of India, enabling them to tailor their strategies and interventions accordingly. Depending on your needs, you may access the entire dataset or a customized subset.

Popular use cases include: improving public safety measures, designing targeted crime prevention programs, resource allocation for law enforcement, and more.

Data on Crimes in India - total crimes, crime rate, conviction rate, crimes against women and children, cyber crimes, chargesheeting rate.

This dataset is based on a report 'Crimes against Women(2022)' by National Crime Records Bureau. It contains number of cases been registered across all Indian States/UTs against the crimes been committed against Women (includes adults & minors) that are recognizable within the Indian Penal Code. The gist of crimes mentioned within the dataset are: 1. Murder with Rape/Gang Rape 2. Dowry Deaths (Sec. 304B IPC) 3. Abetment to Suicide of Women (Sec. 305/306 IPC) 4. Miscarriage (Sec. 313 & 314 IPC) 5. Acid Attack (Sec. 326A IPC) 6. Attempt to Acid Attack (Sec. 326B IPC) 7. Cruelty by Husband or his relatives (Sec. 498 A IPC) 8. Kidnapping & Abduction of Women 9. Human Trafficking (Sec. 370 & 370A IPC) 10. Selling of Minor Girls (Sec. 372 IPC) 11. Buying of Minor Girls (Sec. 373 IPC) 12. Rape (Sec. 376 IPC) 13. Attempt to Commit Rape (Sec. 376/511 IPC) 14. Assault on Women with Intent to Outrage her Modesty (Sec. 354 IPC) 15. Insult to the Modesty of Women (Sec. 509 IPC) 16. Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 17. Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act 1956 (Women Victims cases only) 18. Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 19. Cyber Crimes/Information Technology Act (Women Centric Crimes only) 20. Protection of Children from Sexual Violence Act (Girl Child Victims only) 21. Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986

Introduction

Crime statistics: Crime Statistics serve as a crucial tool for understanding and addressing criminal activities within a society. In India, the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), established in 1986, is responsible for collecting and analyzing crime data across the country. This data collection aids in identifying trends, allocating resources, and formulating policies to combat crime effectively.

In 2024, India reported a crime rate of 445.9 incidents per 100,000 people, reflecting a slight decrease of 0.56% compared to the previous year. The most prevalent crimes included theft, robbery, and assault. Notably, rape cases increased by 1.1%, and kidnappings saw a surge of 5.1%.

Regional disparities were evident, with Uttar Pradesh recording the highest per capita crime rate at 7.4, followed by Arunachal Pradesh at 5.8, and Jharkhand at 5.3. Urban areas continued to experience higher crime rates compared to rural regions.

The NCRB employs a systematic approach to crime data analysis, encompassing five key steps: collection, categorization, analysis, dissemination, and evaluation. This methodology ensures that the data is not only accurate but also actionable, facilitating informed decision-making by law enforcement agencies and policymakers.

Understanding crime statistics is essential for developing effective strategies to enhance public safety and reduce criminal activities across the nation.

These numbers don't tell the whole story, but they give us a good starting point to understand what's happening in our communities. They can be used as tools to help criminal justice professionals anticipate increased risk of crime.

Historical dataset showing India crime rate per 100K population by year from 1990 to 2021.

In 2022, over ** out of every 100 thousand women in India were victims of a crime. In comparison to the last year's figures, a rise in the crime rate was observed. Several psychological and patriarchal factors can result in an escalation of crime against women.

India Cyber Crime: IPC Section: Number of Cases Registered data was reported at 33,798.000 Unit in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 25,384.000 Unit for 2021. India Cyber Crime: IPC Section: Number of Cases Registered data is updated yearly, averaging 738.000 Unit from Dec 2002 (Median) to 2022, with 21 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 33,798.000 Unit in 2022 and a record low of 176.000 Unit in 2008. India Cyber Crime: IPC Section: Number of Cases Registered data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Crime Records Bureau. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Crime – Table IN.CRA001: Crime Statistics.

In 2022, more than *** million FIRs were filled for crimes under Indian Penal Code and Special and Local Laws in India. This was a decrease from the previous year's value. However, this was a significant decrease from the cases filed in 2015.

Theft was the most frequently committed crime against foreign nationals in India in 2022. ** total incidents of theft against foreigners occurred that year, which included ** instances of theft committed against foreign tourists.

India Court Conviction Rate data was reported at 54.200 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 57.000 % for 2021. India Court Conviction Rate data is updated yearly, averaging 42.500 % from Dec 2000 (Median) to 2022, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 59.200 % in 2020 and a record low of 38.500 % in 2012. India Court Conviction Rate data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by National Crime Records Bureau. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Crime – Table IN.CRA001: Crime Statistics.

The dataset contains year-, state and city-wise compiled data on number and rate of crimes committed against children in the india cities with over 2 million population, as per annual yearly crime records data published by National Crimes Records Bureau (NCRB)

The Rate of Cognizable Crimes refers to the number of cognizable offences registered per 1,00,000 population in a given year. Cognizable crimes are those serious in nature where police officers are empowered to register a case and begin an investigation without prior approval from a magistrate. These include offences such as murder, rape, theft, robbery, rioting, human trafficking, and serious violations under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) or Special and Local Laws (SLL). The crime rate is calculated to provide a standardised measure that allows comparison across different states, regions, or time periods, regardless of population size.

NCRB functions as the repository of information on crime and criminals so as to assist the investigators in linking crime to the perpetrators. Subsequently, NCRB was entrusted with the responsibility for monitoring, coordinating and implementing the Crime and Criminal Tracking Network & Systems (CCTNS). NCRB also compiles and publishes National Crime Statistics i.e. Crime in India, Accidental Deaths & Suicides and also Prison Statistics. These publications serve as principal reference point by policy makers, police, criminologists, researchers and media, both in India and abroad. NCRB has been conferred with Silver award during Digital India Awards 2016 under Open Data Championship category from the Government of India for uploading Crime Statistics since 1953 on Govt. Portal.This layer contains information on violent crime incidence (crime head-wise as well as state/ UT wise) during 2010 - 2022, which was published by the Bureau on their website. Along with total violent crimes from 2010 to 2020, following related information are also available in the attribute table:Mid Year Projected PopulationRate of Violent Crimes in 2022 Charge sheeting Rate in 2022Source: https://www.ncrb.gov.in/crime-in-india-year-wise.html?year=2022&keyword= Pg No 195This map layer is offered by Esri India, for ArcGIS Online subscribers. If you have any question or comments, please let us know via content@esri.in.

During 2019, the crime rate against senior citizens in NCR of Delhi in the country was the highest at around ** percent of the senior citizen population. It was the lowest in Assam and Jammu and Kashmir at *** percent.

The chargesheeting rate is a crucial indicator of the effectiveness, responsiveness, and accountability of the criminal justice system. It reflects the capacity of law enforcement agencies to build prosecutable cases and impacts the public’s trust in legal institutions. A consistently low rate could point to systemic issues such as under-resourced police departments, lack of training, or political interference. On the other hand, a high chargesheeting rate, particularly in serious crimes, contributes to deterrence, supports victims’ pursuit of justice, and strengthens the rule of law. Policymakers and researchers use this metric to evaluate police performance and design reforms aimed at improving law enforcement efficiency and judicial outcomes.

Prison Inmates in India

Demographics, Age, Education, Caste, Wages, Rehabilitation, Technical Info

By Rajanand Ilangovan [source]

About this dataset

This dataset provides a detailed view of prison inmates in India, including their age, caste, and educational background. It includes information on inmates from all states/union territories for the year 2019 such as the number of male and female inmates aged 16-18 years, 18-30 year old inmates and those above 50 years old. The data also covers total number of penalized prisoners sentenced to death sentence, life imprisonment or executed by the state authorities. Additionally, it provides information regarding the crimehead (type) committed by an inmate along with its grand total across different age groups. This dataset not only sheds light on India’s criminal justice system but also highlights prevelance of crimes in different states and union territories as well as providing insight into crime trends across Indian states over time

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How to use the dataset

This dataset provides a comprehensive look at the demographics, crimes and sentences of Indian prison inmates in 2019. The data is broken down by state/union territory, year, crime head, age groups and gender.

This dataset can be used to understand the demographic composition of the prison population in India as well as the types of crimes committed. It can also be used to gain insight into any changes or trends related to sentencing patterns in India over time. Furthermore, this data can provide valuable insight into potential correlations between different demographic factors (such as gender and caste) and specific types of crimes or length of sentences handed out.

To use this dataset effectively there are a few important things to keep in mind: •State/UT - This column refers to individual states or union territories in India where prisons are located •Year – This column indicates which year(s) the data relates to •Both genders - Female columns refer only to female prisoners while male columns refers only to male prisoners •Age Groups – 16-18 years old = 21-30 years old = 31-50 years old = 50+ years old •Crime Head – A broad definition for each type of crime that inmates have been convicted for •No Capital Punishment – The total number sentenced with capital punishment No Life Imprisonment – The total number sentenced with life imprisonment No Executed– The total number executed from death sentence Grand Total–The overall totals for each category

By using this information it is possible to answer questions regarding topics such as sentencing trends, types of crimes committed by different age groups or genders and state-by-state variation amongst other potential queries

Research Ideas

• Using the age and gender information to develop targeted outreach strategies for prisons in order to reduce recidivism rates.
• Creating an AI-based predictive model to predict crime trends by analyzing crime head data from a particular region/state and correlating it with population demographics, economic activity, etc.
• Analyzing the caste of inmates across different states in India in order to understand patterns of discrimination within the criminal justice system

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. Data Source

License

License: Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) - You are free to: - Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially. - Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially. - You must: - Give appropriate credit - Provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. - ShareAlike - You must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.

Columns

File: SLL_Crime_headwise_distribution_of_inmates_who_convicted.csv | Column name | Description | |:--------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------| | STATE/UT | Name of the state or union territory where the jail is located. (String) | | YEAR | Year when the inmate population data was collected. (Integer) ...

The dataset contains year- and state-wise compiled data on the total number of Indian Penal Code (IPC) and other Special and Local Laws (SLL) cases registered against Juveniles, along with rate of crimes per each lakh of children population.