The Global Financial Crisis (2007-2008), which began due to the collapse of the U.S. housing market, had a negative effect in many regions across the globe. The global recession which followed the crisis in 2008 and 2009 showed how interdependent and synchronized many of the world's economies had become, with the largest advanced economies showing very similar patterns of negative GDP growth during the crisis. Among the largest emerging economies (commonly referred to as the 'E7'), however, a different pattern emerged, with some countries avoiding a recession altogether. Some commentators have particularly pointed to 2008-2009 as the moment in which China emerged on the world stage as an economic superpower and a key driver of global economic growth. The Great Recession in the developing world While some countries, such as Russia, Mexico, and Turkey, experienced severe recessions due to their connections to the United States and Europe, others such as China, India, and Indonesia managed to record significant economic growth during the period. This can be partly explained by the decoupling from western financial systems which these countries undertook following the Asian financial crises of 1997, making many Asian nations more wary of opening their countries to 'hot money' from other countries. Other likely explanations of this trend are that these countries have large domestic economies which are not entirely reliant on the advanced economies, that their export sectors produce goods which are inelastic (meaning they are still bought during recessions), and that the Chinese economic stimulus worth almost 600 billion U.S. dollars in 2008/2009 increased growth in the region.

According to a survey conducted by Ipsos in June 2019, over 70 percent of respondents in China agreed that temporarily cutting off social media platforms is acceptable to stop the spread of false information at times of crisis, with 22 percent strongly agreeing to the method. The background of the survey was a temporary social media ban by the government in Sri Lanka in April 2019 in the wake of a fatal terrorist attack.

Crisis in Korea : America, China, and the risk of war is a book. It was written by Tim Beal and published by PlutoPress in 2011.

Iron ore industry faces steep decline due to China's property crisis and increased miner supply, marking its worst year since 2015.

According to a survey conducted by Ipsos in June 2019, over 60 percent of respondents in China stated to trust social media companies to ensure the content shared on their platforms during times of crisis is factual, with 17 percent strongly agreeing to the statement. The background of the survey was a temporary social media ban by the government in Sri Lanka in April 2019 in the wake of a fatal terrorist attack.

COVID-19 is a global pandemic. In response to this unprecedented crisis, Chinese government formulated a series of policies. This research is dedicated to exploring the dynamic evolution of China’s policy mix in response to COVID-19 in different crisis response stages from a network perspective. First, a three-dimensional analysis framework of “policy subject-policy target-policy instrument” was developed. Then, based on the data sets collected by textual analysis, the dynamic evolution of policy subject, policy target, policy instrument in China’s policy mix in response to COVID-19 was discussed by using the method of SNA. This study concluded that the core policy subject, policy instrument, and policy target of China’s response to COVID-19 changed with time. National Health Commission (NHC), Ministry of Finance (MOF), Ministry of Transport (MOT) and Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (MHRSS) have important influences in the network of policy subjects. Other subjects are more at the edge of the network, and there are few joint issuances among policy subjects. The study also found that the core policy target was adjusted over time, with phased dynamic characteristics. At the initial stage of China’s response to COVID-19, “reduce infection and mortality” and “steadily carry out economic and social work” were the core policy targets. With the COVID-19 under control, “enterprise development and work resumption” becomes a new core policy target. In addition, this study also revealed the dynamic evolution and unbalanced use of China’s policy instruments in response to COVID-19 in different stages. The combination of policy instruments is mainly composed of “mandatory administration instruments” and “economic incentive instruments”, and supplemented by “health promotion instruments” and “voluntary plan instruments”. These findings may enrich the literature on COVID-19 policy to help researchers understand the dynamics of policy from a network perspective. Moreover, these findings may provide several valuable implications for policymakers and other countries to formulate more effective policies for epidemic response.

This dataset is about book subjects and is filtered where the books is Britain's China policy and the opium crisis : balancing drugs, violence and national honour, 1833-1840, featuring 10 columns including authors, average publication date, book publishers, book subject, and books. The preview is ordered by number of books (descending).

According to the survey conducted by McKinsey on the personal impact of working through the COVID-19 crisis, about 30 percent of the respondents reported their personal energy reduced during the outbreak primarily due to the blurred boundary between life and work. The energy of the respondents bottomed out in mid-February, but then returned to normal as effective strategies emerged at both corporate and national level.

This dataset contains the materials to replicate the results associated with the article entitled "Citizen Blame Attributions for Government Fiscal Crises: Experimental Evidence from China" published in Governance.

Raw data were generated at GDELT Project. Derived data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author Shengyu He on request.

Crisis motivates people to track news closely, and this increased engagement can expose individuals to politically sensitive information unrelated to the initial crisis. We use the case of the COVID-19 outbreak in China to examine how crisis affects information seeking in countries that normally exert significant control over access to media. The crisis spurred censorship circumvention and access to international news and political content on websites blocked in China. Once individuals circumvented censorship, they not only received more information about the crisis itself but also accessed unrelated information that the regime has long censored. Using comparisons to democratic and other authoritarian countries also affected by early outbreaks, the findings suggest that people blocked from accessing information most of the time might disproportionately and collectively access that long-hidden information during a crisis. Evaluations resulting from this access, negative or positive for a government, might draw on both current events and censored history.

Additional file 1: Spearman correlation matrix.

The graph shows national debt in China related to gross domestic product until 2023, with forecasts to 2029. In 2023, gross national debt ranged at around 84 percent of the national gross domestic product.

The debt-to-GDP ratio

In economics, the ratio between a country's government debt and its gross domestic product (GDP) is generally defined as the debt-to-GDP ratio. It is a useful indicator for investors to measure a country's ability to fulfill future payments on its debts. A low debt-to-GDP ratio also suggests that an economy produces and sells a sufficient amount of goods and services to pay back those debts. Among the important industrial and emerging countries, Japan displayed one of the highest debt-to-GDP ratios. In 2023, the estimated national debt of Japan amounted to about 255 percent of its GDP, up from around 180 percent in 2004. One reason behind Japan's high debt load lies in its low annual GDP growth rate.

Development in China

China's national debt related to GDP grew slowly but steadily from around 23 percent in 2000 to 34 percent in 2012, only disrupted by the global financial crisis in 2008. In recent years, China increased credit financing to spur economic growth, resulting in higher levels of debt. China's real estate crisis and a difficult global economic environment require further stimulating measures by the government and will predictably lead to even higher debt growth in the years ahead.

This article introduced the replication crisis in Chinese, aimed at promoting the awareness of reproducibility and open science in China.

A "soft alliance"? Russia-China relations after the Ukraine crisis is a book. It was written by Alexander Gabuev and published by European Council on Foreign Relations in 2015.

In 2023, final consumption of the economy in China accounted for about 55.7 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP). The share of final consumption in the total GDP of China is expected to increase gradually in the upcoming years. Level of consumption in China Final consumption refers to the part of the GDP that is consumed, in contrast to what is invested or exported. In matured economies, final consumption often accounts for 70 or more percent of the total GDP. In developing countries, however, a significantly larger share may be spent on investments in infrastructure, real estate, and industrial capacities.Since its economic opening up, China was among the countries with the highest ratio of spending on investment and the lowest on consumption. Especially since 2000, China spent increasing amounts of money on infrastructure and housing, while the share spent on consumption dropped to an all-time low. This was not only related to China’s rapid economic ascendence, but also to a large working-age population and a low dependency ratio. Recent developments and outlook As the rate of returns on investment has dropped gradually since the global financial crisis in 2008, China is trying to shift to a more consumption-driven growth model. Accordingly, the share of final consumption has increased since 2010. Although this trend was interrupted by the coronavirus pandemic, it will most probably continue in the future. Lower demand for new infrastructure and housing, as well as an aging population, are the main drivers of this development.

Revenue for the Real Estate Development and Management industry in China is expected to decrease at a CAGR of 3.9% over the five years through 2024. This trend includes an expected decrease of 2.3% in the current year.Since August 2020, the People's Bank of China and the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission have proposed three debt indicators for real estate development and management companies through which the company's financial health can be rated. This new policy has exacerbated the company's debt pressure, making it unable to repay old debts by borrowing new debt. Some real estate companies faced a liquidity crisis.In 2022, the city's lockdown and laying-off caused by COVID-19 epidemic led to the pressure of delaying the delivery of houses. The industry's newly constructed and completed areas decreased significantly throughout the year. In addition, the epidemic has impacted sales in the real estate development and management industry, and some sales offices have been forced to close temporarily. In 2022, the sales area of commercial housing decreased by 24.3%, and the sales of commercial housing decreased significantly by 29.8%.Industry revenue will recover at an annualized 3.4% over the five years through 2029. Over the next five years, the industry's drag on GDP will weaken, and industry growth will stabilize. However, high housing prices have become a major social problem in China. Under the measures on the principle that residential real estate is used for living, not speculation, the financial attributes of real estate will gradually weaken, and housing prices will tend to stabilize.

Knowledge of primate evolutionary history from the Late Miocene to the present in East Asia is necessary to develop a tangible conservation strategy for their today and future. This background is especially evident from the distributions of fossil-bearing sites in the Pleistocene and historical records over the past 800 years. They illustrate catarrhines' early dispersal and radiation routes, paths, and later shrinking trajectories, based on which their future distribution areas can be predicted, providing robust evidence and information for making or amending conservation strategies. The catarrhines (apes and Old-World monkeys) in East Asia are analyzed. Their spread during the Pleistocene from the west to east remarkably involved the three river systems (Yangtze, Yellow, and Pearl) and the coastlines, resulting in broad distributions in the Far East (Taiwan, Korea, and Japan). Their continental taxa significantly suffered reductions from ancient to modern Holocene, leading to a tremendous biodiversity loss in East Asia. These events corresponded to major periodic social upheavals and anthropogenic activities, particularly the Second World War and Civil War in the first half of the last century and the post-war period after 1950 that has involved unparalleled environmental devastation and natural resource depletion. Except for the taxa in Taiwan and Japan, primates, including the catarrhines and strepsirrhines, in East Asia will finally be confined to Southwest China, especially a Convergence-Divergence Center (CDC) that has played a unique role in shielding primates and other animals, as well as the plants since the Later Miocene. Thus, developing a specific conservation priority is critical for the CDC and its adjacent regions to mitigate primate extinction in East Asia.

In 2016, the umbrella market amounted to 1.5B units. Over the past two years, consumption increased slightly, after experiencing a mild downturn over the previous four year period. Previously, the market recovered with tangible growth, following the significant crisis-induced slump of 2009. In 2016, umbrella consumption appeared just below (approx 4%) the peak figure achieved in 2010 and 10% higher than the outset level.

Base Year 2023 Forecast Period 2024-2028 Market Growth X.XX%*