In 2023, Czechia had around 44.6 intensive care beds in hospitals per 100,000 population, that is the highest among the countries listed. This statistic shows intensive care bed density in hospitals in select countries worldwide in 2023.

PurposeAccess to critical care is a crucial component of healthcare systems. In low-income countries, the burden of critical illness is substantial, but the capacity to provide care for critically ill patients in intensive care units (ICUs) is unknown. Our aim was to systematically review the published literature to estimate the current ICU capacity in low-income countries.MethodsWe searched 11 databases and included studies of any design, published 2004-August 2014, with data on ICU capacity for pediatric and adult patients in 36 low-income countries (as defined by World Bank criteria; population 850 million). Neonatal, temporary, and military ICUs were excluded. We extracted data on ICU bed numbers, capacity for mechanical ventilation, and information about the hospital, including referral population size, public accessibility, and the source of funding. Analyses were descriptive.ResultsOf 1,759 citations, 43 studies from 15 low-income countries met inclusion criteria. They described 36 individual ICUs in 31 cities, of which 16 had population greater than 500,000, and 14 were capital cities. The median annual ICU admission rate was 401 (IQR 234-711; 24 ICUs with data) and median ICU size was 8 beds (IQR 5-10; 32 ICUs with data). The mean ratio of adult and pediatric ICU beds to hospital beds was 1.5% (SD 0.9%; 15 hospitals with data). Nepal and Uganda, the only countries with national ICU bed data, had 16.7 and 1.0 ICU beds per million population, respectively. National data from other countries were not available.ConclusionsLow-income countries lack ICU beds, and more than 50% of these countries lack any published data on ICU capacity. Most ICUs in low-income countries are located in large referral hospitals in cities. A central database of ICU resources is required to evaluate health system performance, both within and between countries, and may help to develop related health policy.

DISCLAIMER

Dataset consists of historical data of pre-pandemic period and doesn’t represent the current reality which may have changed due to the spikes in demand. This dataset has been generated in collaboration of efforts within CoronaWhy community.

Context

Last updated: April 26th 2020 Updates: April 14th 2020 - Added missing population data April 15th 2020 - Added Brazil statewise ICU hospital beds dataset April 21th 2020 - Added Italy, Spain statewise ICU hospital beds dataset, India statewise TOTAL hospital beds dataset April 26th 2020 - Added Sweden ICU(2019) and TOTAL(2018) beds datasets

Purpose of the dataset

I am trying to produce a dataset that will provide a foundation for policymakers to understand the realistic capacity of healthcare providers being able to deal with the spikes in demand for intensive care. As a way to help, I’ve prepared a dataset of beds across countries and states. Work in progress dataset that should and will be updated as more data becomes available and public on weekly basis.

Importance

This dataset is intended to be used as a baseline for understanding the typical bed capacity and coverage globally. This information is critical for understanding the impact of a high utilization event, like COVID-19.

Current challenges

Datasets are scattered across the web and are very hard to normalize, I did my best but help would be much appreciated.

Data sources / Acknowledgments

arcgis (USA) - https://services1.arcgis.com/Hp6G80Pky0om7QvQ/arcgis/rest/services/Hospitals_1/FeatureServer/0 KHN (USA) - https://khn.org/news/as-coronavirus-spreads-widely-millions-of-older-americans-live-in-counties-with-no-icu-beds/ datahub.io (World) - https://datahub.io/world-bank/sh.med.beds.zs eurostat - https://data.europa.eu/euodp/en/data/dataset/vswUL3c6yKoyahrvIRyew OECD - https://data.oecd.org/healtheqt/hospital-beds.htm WDI (World) - https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.MED.BEDS.ZS NHP(India) - http://www.cbhidghs.nic.in/showfile.php?lid=1147 data.gov.sg (Singapore) - https://data.gov.sg/dataset/health-facilities?view_id=91b4feed-dcb9-4720-8cb0-ac2f04b7efd0&resource_id=dee5ccce-4dfb-467f-bcb4-dc025b56b977 dati.salute.gov.it (Italy)- http://www.dati.salute.gov.it/dati/dettaglioDataset.jsp?menu=dati&idPag=96 portal.icuregswe.org (Sweden) - https://portal.icuregswe.org/seiva/en/Rapport publications: Intensive Care Medicine Journal (Europe) - https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00134-012-2627-8 Critical Care Medicine Journal (Asia) - https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Number-of-critical-care-beds-per-100-000-population_fig1_338520008 Medicina Intensiva (Spain) - https://www.medintensiva.org/en-pdf-S2173572713000878 news: https://lanuovaferrara.gelocal.it/italia-mondo/cronaca/2020/03/19/news/dietro-la-corsa-a-nuovi-posti-in-terapia-intensiva-gli-errori-del-passato-1.38611596 kaggle: germany - https://www.kaggle.com/manuelblechschmidt/icu-beds-in-germany brazil (IBGE) - https://www.kaggle.com/thiagobodruk/brazilianstates Manual population data search from wiki

Data columns

country,state,county,lat,lng,type,measure,beds,population,year,source,source_url - country - country of origin, if present - state - more granular location, if present - lat - latitude - lng - longtitude - type - [TOTAL, ICU, ACUTE(some data could include ICU beds too), PSYCHIATRIC, OTHER(merged ‘SPECIAL’, ‘CHRONIC DISEASE’, ‘CHILDREN’, ‘LONG TERM CARE’, ‘REHABILITATION’, ‘WOMEN’, ‘MILITARY’] - measure - type of measure (per 1000 inhabitants) - beds - number of beds per 1000 - population - population of location based on multiple sources and wikipedia - year - source year for beds and population data - source - source of data - source_url - URL of the original source

Files

for each of datasource: hospital_beds_per_source.csv

US only: US arcgis + khn (state/county granularity): hospital_beds_USA.csv

Global (state(region)/county granularity): hospital_beds_global_regional.csv

Global (country granularity): hospital_beds_global_v1.csv

Contributors

Igor Kiulian - extracting/normalizing/formatting/merging data Artur Kiulian - helped with Kaggle setup Augaly S. Kiedi - helped with country population data Kristoffer Jan Zieba - found Swedish data sources

Possible Improvements

Find and megre more detailed (state/county wise) or newer datasource

ICU bed per 100,000 population in high, low- and middle-income countries.

This dataset compiles daily counts of patients (both COVID-related and non-COVID-related) in adult and pediatric ICU beds and the number of adult and pediatric ICU beds that are unoccupied.

**Effective November 14, 2024 this page will no longer be updated. Information about COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses is available on Public Health Ontario’s interactive respiratory virus tool: https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/Data-and-Analysis/Infectious-Disease/Respiratory-Virus-Tool **

Data includes:

• date
• number of adults in ICU for COVID-related critical illness (CRCI)_**_
• number of adults in ICU for non-CRCI reasons
• number of adult ICU beds that are unoccupied
• total number of adults in ICU for any reason
• number of patients in pediatric ICU for COVID-related critical illness (CRCI)_**_
• number of patients in pediatric ICU beds for non-CRCI reasons
• number of pediatric ICU beds that are unoccupied
• total number of patients in pediatric ICU beds for any reason

**These results may not match the CRCI cases in ICU reported elsewhere (on Ontario.ca) as they are restricted to either adults only or pediatric patients only and do not include cases in other ICU bed types.

• ICU data includes patients in levels 2 and 3 adult or pediatric ICU beds. The reported numbers reflect the previous day’s values. Patients are counted at a single point in time (11:59 pm) to ensure that each person is only counted once, and their COVID status is updated at 6 am, prior to posting. This may vary slightly from similar sources who update at different times.
• COVID-related critical illness (CRCI) includes patients currently testing positive for COVID and patients in ICU due to COVID who are no longer testing positive for COVID.
• Since the start of the pandemic, the province has invested in “incremental” ICU beds to accommodate potential surges in ICU demand due to COVID. These beds were added at various points in time (i.e., October 2020, February 2021, April 2021) to ensure system preparedness and meet operational needs. Aligned with the decline of Wave 3 and COVID-related pressures and at the direction of Ontario Health, a number of these beds were brought offline in July 2021. These events account for the sudden increases and/or decreases in ICU beds seen in the data. The number of ICU beds continues to fluctuate slightly as beds are brought on and offline to meet localized demands/need.

Modifications to this data

Data for the period of October 24, 2023 to March 24, 2024 excludes hospitals in the West region who were experiencing data availability issues.

Daily adult, pediatric, and neonatal patient ICU census data were impacted by technical issues between September 9 and October 20, 2023. As a result, when public reporting resumes on November 16, 2023, historical ICU data for this time period will be excluded.

January 18, 2022: Information on pediatric ICU beds was added to the file for the period of May 2020 to present.

January 7, 2022: Due to some methodology changes, historical data were impacted during the following timeframes:

• May 1, 2020 to October 22, 2020.
• February 19, 2021 to July 26, 2021.

How the data was impacted

To ensure system preparedness throughout the pandemic, hospitals were asked to identify the number of beds (i.e., non-ICU beds) and related resources that could be made available within 24 hours for use as an ICU bed in case of a surge in COVID patients. These beds were considered expanded ICU capacity and were not used to calculate hospitals’ ICU occupancy. These beds were previously included in this data.

The current numbers include only funded ICU beds based on data from the Critical Care Information System (CCIS).

Explore the robust growth of the Hospital ICU Bed market, driven by chronic disease, aging populations, and technological advancements. Get insights into market size, CAGR, key drivers, and regional trends for 2025-2033.

The global ICU critical care bed market is experiencing robust growth, driven by factors such as the rising prevalence of chronic diseases, an aging global population, technological advancements in bed design and functionalities, and increasing healthcare expenditure. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $2.5 billion, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7% from 2025 to 2033. This growth is fueled by the demand for advanced features such as integrated monitoring systems, adjustable height and positioning capabilities, and infection control measures. Furthermore, the increasing number of hospitals and intensive care units globally, coupled with a greater focus on patient comfort and safety, are significantly contributing to market expansion. Several key trends are shaping the future of this market. The integration of smart technology, including remote patient monitoring and data analytics, is gaining traction, improving patient care and operational efficiency. A growing preference for modular and adaptable ICU beds that can easily integrate with other medical devices is also observed. Regulatory changes promoting patient safety and improved healthcare standards further catalyze market growth. However, challenges such as high initial investment costs for advanced bed systems and the potential for supply chain disruptions pose constraints. Despite these challenges, the market is expected to witness substantial growth, driven by an increasing demand for enhanced patient care and technological advancements in this vital segment of the healthcare industry.

Content

Kaiser Health News evaluated the capacity of intensive care unit (ICU) beds around the nation by first identifying the number of ICU beds each hospital reported in its most recent financial cost report, filed annually to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. KHN included beds reported in the categories of intensive care unit, surgical intensive care unit, coronary care unit and burn intensive care unit.

KHN then totaled the ICU beds per county and matched the data with county population figures from the Census Bureau’s American Community Survey. KHN focused on the number of people 60 and older in each county because older people are considered the most likely group to require hospitalization, given their increased frailty and existing health conditions compared with younger people. For each county, KHN calculated the number of people 60 and older for each ICU bed. KHN also calculated the percentage of county population who were 60 or older.

KHN’s ICU bed tally does not include Veterans Affairs hospitals, which are sure to play a role in treating coronavirus victims, because VA hospitals do not file cost reports. The total number of the nation’s ICU beds in the cost reports is less than the number identified by the American Hospital Association’s annual survey of hospital beds, which is the other authoritative resource on hospital characteristics. Experts attributed the discrepancies to different definitions of what qualifies as an ICU bed and other factors, and told KHN both sources were equally credible.

Acknowledgements

Kaiser Health News

https://khn.org/news/as-coronavirus-spreads-widely-millions-of-older-americans-live-in-counties-with-no-icu-beds/ https://khn.org/news/as-coronavirus-spreads-widely-millions-of-older-americans-live-in-counties-with-no-icu-beds/

Fred Schulte: fschulte@kff.org, @fredschulte

Elizabeth Lucas: elucas@kff.org, @eklucas

Jordan Rau: jrau@kff.org, @JordanRau

Liz Szabo: lszabo@kff.org, @LizSzabo

Jay Hancock: jhancock@kff.org, @JayHancock1

Inspiration

Your data will be in front of the world's largest data science community. What questions do you want to see answered?

The global critical care therapeutic bed market is experiencing robust growth, driven by a confluence of factors. The aging global population, coupled with a rising prevalence of chronic diseases requiring extended hospital stays and specialized care, significantly fuels demand. Technological advancements, such as the incorporation of intelligent features like integrated monitoring systems and automated adjustments, enhance patient comfort and care efficiency, further boosting market expansion. Increased healthcare expenditure globally, particularly in developed nations, provides financial backing for the adoption of advanced medical equipment, including these sophisticated beds. Furthermore, a growing awareness among healthcare providers of the benefits of pressure ulcer prevention and improved patient mobility contributes to the market's positive trajectory. We estimate the 2025 market size to be approximately $2.5 billion, considering typical market sizes for similar medical equipment segments and applying a reasonable CAGR of 5% based on observed industry trends. Despite these positive drivers, the market faces some challenges. High initial investment costs associated with purchasing and maintaining these advanced beds can be a barrier for smaller healthcare facilities, particularly in developing economies. Stringent regulatory approvals and compliance requirements also impose hurdles for manufacturers. However, the long-term benefits in terms of improved patient outcomes, reduced hospital readmissions, and enhanced operational efficiency are expected to outweigh these restraints, ensuring sustained market growth throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). The competitive landscape is marked by a mix of established players like ArjoHuntleigh, Invacare, and Hill-Rom, alongside smaller, specialized manufacturers. Continuous innovation in bed technology and the emergence of new, cost-effective solutions will be crucial for companies to gain a competitive edge and tap into the expanding market potential.

This dataset provides values for ICU BEDS reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Non-expenditure healthcare data provide information on institutions providing healthcare in countries, on resources used and on output produced in the framework of healthcare provision.

Data on healthcare form a major element of public health information as they describe the capacities available for different types of healthcare provision as well as potential 'bottlenecks' observed. The quantity and quality of healthcare services provided and the work sharing established between the different institutions are a subject of ongoing debate in all countries. Sustainability - continuously providing the necessary monetary and personal resources needed - and meeting the challenges of ageing societies are the primary perspectives used when analysing and using the data.

The resource-related data refer to both human and technical resources, i.e. they relate to:

• Health care staff: 'manpower' active in the health care sector (doctors, dentists, nurses, etc.);
• Heath workforce migration: migration movements of doctors and nurses;
• Healthcare facilities: technical capacity dimensions (hospital beds, beds in nursing and residential care facilities, etc.).

The output-related data ('activities') refer to contacts between patients and the healthcare system, and to the treatment thereby received. Data are available for hospital discharges of in-patients and day cases, average length of stay of in-patients, consultations with medical professionals, and medical procedures performed in hospitals.

Annual national and regional data are provided in absolute numbers, percentages, and in population-standardised rates (per 100 000 inhabitants).

Wherever applicable, the definitions and classifications of the System of Health Accounts (SHA) are followed, e.g. International Classification for Health Accounts - Providers of health care (ICHA-HP). For hospital discharges, the International Shortlist for Hospital Morbidity Tabulation (ISHMT) is used. Surgical procedures are classified according to a shortlist mapped to ICD-9-CM.

These healthcare data are largely based on administrative data sources in the countries. Therefore, they reflect the country-specific way of organising healthcare and may not always be completely comparable.

Explore the dynamic Medical Intensive Care Beds market analysis, market size, CAGR of 5%, key drivers, and trends. Gain insights into global growth opportunities for critical care solutions.

ICU Beds in Netherlands decreased to 2.47 per 1000 people in 2020 from 2.74 per 1000 people in 2018. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Netherlands ICU Beds.

The global multicare ICU bed market is projected to reach a valuation of approximately $782 million by 2025, demonstrating a steady growth trajectory. This growth is fueled by several key drivers, including the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases, the rising global elderly population, and the continuous advancements in healthcare technology, leading to more sophisticated and feature-rich ICU beds. The market is experiencing a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 2.9% during the forecast period of 2025-2033. This sustained expansion is further bolstered by governments' increasing investments in healthcare infrastructure, particularly in critical care units, and the growing demand for advanced patient monitoring and therapeutic capabilities within ICU settings. The integration of smart features, such as remote monitoring, pressure ulcer prevention, and personalized patient positioning, is becoming a standard expectation, driving innovation and market value. The multicare ICU bed market is segmented by application into general hospitals and specialty hospitals, with general hospitals constituting the larger share due to their extensive need for critical care facilities. By type, normal and multifunctional beds cater to diverse clinical requirements, with multifunctional beds gaining traction due to their enhanced adaptability and advanced therapeutic functionalities. Geographically, North America and Europe currently dominate the market, owing to well-established healthcare systems and high adoption rates of advanced medical equipment. However, the Asia Pacific region is poised for significant growth, driven by its large and aging population, increasing healthcare expenditure, and rapid development of healthcare infrastructure. Key players such as Hill-Rom, Stryker, and Linet Group are actively engaged in research and development, strategic collaborations, and market expansion initiatives to capitalize on these emerging trends and meet the evolving demands of critical care environments worldwide. This comprehensive report provides an in-depth analysis of the global Multicare ICU Bed market, projecting a valuation of over $2,500 million by the end of the forecast period. The report meticulously examines market dynamics, technological advancements, regulatory landscapes, and competitive strategies of key stakeholders.

ICU Beds in Sweden decreased to 1.90 per 1000 people in 2019 from 1.96 per 1000 people in 2018. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for Sweden ICU Beds.

ICU Beds Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the Global ICU Beds market size was valued at $3.2 billion in 2024 and is projected to reach $5.7 billion by 2033, expanding at a CAGR of 6.8% during 2024–2033. The primary driver propelling this robust growth is the increasing prevalence of critical illnesses and a rapidly aging population, which have significantly heightened the demand for intensive care services worldwide. Additionally, the ongoing advancements in healthcare infrastructure, coupled with a surge in investments towards hospital expansions and upgrades, are further strengthening the market outlook. The widespread impact of global health crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, has underscored the vital role of ICU beds in emergency preparedness, prompting governments and private healthcare providers to prioritize capacity enhancements and modernization of intensive care units. As a result, the ICU Beds market is poised for sustained growth, driven by both immediate and long-term healthcare needs.

Regional Outlook

North America currently commands the largest share of the global ICU Beds market, accounting for approximately 35% of total revenue in 2024. This dominance is attributed to the region’s mature healthcare infrastructure, high healthcare expenditure, and the presence of leading market players focusing on technological innovation. The United States, in particular, has witnessed substantial investments in hospital modernization and critical care facilities, spurred by policy reforms and public-private partnerships. The integration of advanced technologies such as smart ICU beds and remote patient monitoring systems has further fueled market expansion. In addition, favorable reimbursement policies and stringent regulatory standards have encouraged healthcare providers to upgrade their intensive care capabilities, ensuring a steady demand for both standard and technologically advanced ICU beds.

The Asia Pacific region is emerging as the fastest-growing market for ICU Beds, projecting a remarkable CAGR of 8.5% between 2024 and 2033. This surge is primarily driven by rapid urbanization, increasing healthcare investments, and government initiatives aimed at strengthening critical care infrastructure across populous countries such as China, India, and Japan. The COVID-19 pandemic has acted as a catalyst, prompting both public and private sectors to expand ICU capacities and invest in modern medical equipment. Additionally, rising awareness about the importance of intensive care, coupled with a growing middle-class population demanding better healthcare services, is accelerating market growth. International collaborations and technology transfers are also enabling local manufacturers to introduce cost-effective and innovative ICU bed solutions, further boosting market penetration in the region.

Emerging economies in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are witnessing a gradual adoption of ICU Beds, although growth is tempered by budget constraints, limited healthcare infrastructure, and variable regulatory environments. In these regions, the focus remains on bridging the gap between demand and supply, particularly in rural and underserved areas where critical care resources are scarce. Localized demand is being shaped by rising incidence of chronic diseases, increasing government healthcare spending, and efforts to improve hospital accessibility. However, challenges such as inconsistent quality standards, logistical hurdles, and a shortage of skilled healthcare professionals continue to impede market expansion. Despite these obstacles, strategic public health initiatives and international aid are gradually enhancing the adoption of ICU Beds, setting the stage for steady long-term growth.

Report Scope

Canada CA: Hospital Beds: per 1000 People data was reported at 2.560 Number in 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 2.530 Number for 2019. Canada CA: Hospital Beds: per 1000 People data is updated yearly, averaging 4.300 Number from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2020, with 46 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.000 Number in 1970 and a record low of 2.530 Number in 2019. Canada CA: Hospital Beds: per 1000 People data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Canada – Table CA.World Bank.WDI: Social: Health Statistics. Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included.;Data are from the World Health Organization, supplemented by country data.;Weighted average;

United Kingdom UK: Hospital Beds: per 1000 People data was reported at 2.900 Number in 2011. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.980 Number for 2010. United Kingdom UK: Hospital Beds: per 1000 People data is updated yearly, averaging 4.600 Number from Dec 1960 (Median) to 2011, with 23 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 10.700 Number in 1960 and a record low of 2.900 Number in 2011. United Kingdom UK: Hospital Beds: per 1000 People data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Health Statistics. Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included.; ; Data are from the World Health Organization, supplemented by country data.; Weighted average;

Switzerland Hospital Beds: per 1000 People data was reported at 5.000 Number in 2011. This records an increase from the previous number of 4.970 Number for 2010. Switzerland Hospital Beds: per 1000 People data is updated yearly, averaging 5.400 Number from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2011, with 8 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 19.900 Number in 1991 and a record low of 4.970 Number in 2010. Switzerland Hospital Beds: per 1000 People data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Switzerland – Table CH.World Bank: Health Statistics. Hospital beds include inpatient beds available in public, private, general, and specialized hospitals and rehabilitation centers. In most cases beds for both acute and chronic care are included.; ; Data are from the World Health Organization, supplemented by country data.; Weighted average;

In a survey conducted in India by Local Circles in April 2021, merely ** percent of the participants were able to secure an ICU bed through the routine process. On the other hand, the majority of respondents had to use connections for the same. Overall, the polls indicated that most people faced difficulties in getting a COVID ICU bed for family and friends.