In August 2025, the average price of one barrel of Brent crude oil was 67.87 U.S. dollars. This was a decrease from the previous month and 12 U.S. dollars below July 2024 prices. Brent terminology and most common uses Brent is the world's leading price benchmark for Atlantic basin crude oils. It is used to price two thirds of the internationally traded crude oil supplies and is also the most significant crude oil benchmark for Europe. Brent crude originates in the North Sea and includes oils from Brent and Forties Oil Field in the United Kingdom, and from the Oseborg and Ekofisk oil fields, both oil reserves in Norway. Other names for Brent are Brent Blend, London Brent and Brent petroleum. The name Brent comes from the Brent oil field, located north-east of the Shetland Islands, and thus part of the United Kingdom. Because the Brent oil field already passed its production peak, today the benchmark Brent includes oil from the other three major oil fields. Brent, next to West Texas Intermediate (WTI), is one of the lightest crude oils. With a low content of sulfur, it is ranged among the so-called sweet crude oils. Most of the Brent crude oil is refined into gasoline and middle distillates in Northwest Europe. Benchmark oil prices Other crucial benchmarks for crude oil prices are the already mentioned U.S.- WTI and Dubai Crude (Fateh). They are indispensable for referencing the many types and grades of oil on the global market. In the past 20 years, the annual price for one barrel of Brent crude oil saw a net increase. For example, the average price per barrel stood at 80.53 U.S. dollars in 2024.

WTI Crude Oil Prices - Historical chart and current data through 2025.

Brent Crude Oil Prices - Historical chart and current data through 2025.

OPEC's crude oil export revenue reached 550 billion U.S. dollars in 2024, a decrease from 2023. For 2025 figures are expected to fall below 500 billion U.S. dollars. OPEC stands for the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and includes countries located in Africa, South America, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. Currently, the organization has 12 member countries. OPEC share in world oil production The formation of OPEC marked a shift away from large multinational company market control to a primarily state-based control of natural resources. The supply restrictions that began in 1970 enabled a significant increase in oil prices and thus, OPEC’s revenues. OPEC's share of global oil production is approximately 36 percent. Saudi Arabia is one of the largest oil exporters among the OPEC. The country sells around six million barrels of oil per day overseas. OPEC basket price outlook OPEC crude oil production can strongly impact global oil prices, especially during periods of war or upheaval. Prices of oil are largely affected by basic supply and demand. As of the first half of 2025, the average annual OPEC basket price was around 72 U.S. dollars per barrel. Low oil prices in 2024 and 2025 were largely due to less oil demand growth in China and concerns over U.S. trade tariffs.

WTI Crude Oil Futures data, recent 36 years (traceable to Jan 02,1990), the unit is USD/bbl, latest value is 59.84, updated at Nov 07,2025

Europe Brent Crude Oil Prices - Historical chart and current data through 2025.

The file "fuels.txt" includes daily data for Brent futures (BrentF) and spot (BrentS) prices obtained from nasdaq.com database and three NASDAQ indices: 1) NASDAQ OMX Bio/Clean Fuels Index (GRNBIO). Source: {https://indexes.nasdaqomx.com/Index/Overview/GRNBIO} 2) NASDAQ OMX Fuel Cell Index (GRNFUEL). Source:{https://indexes.nasdaqomx.com/Index/Overview/GRNFUEL} 3) NASDAQ OMX Transportation Index (GRNTRN). Source: {https://indexes.nasdaqomx.com/Index/Overview/GRNTRN} The file "fundamentals.txt" includes monthly data for the following variables: 1) WIP: world industrial production index collected from:{https://sites.google.com/site/cjsbaumeister/datasets?authuser=0} 2) COMM: real commodity price factor - obtained from {https://sites.google.com/site/cjsbaumeister/datasets?authuser=0}; 3) GECON: global economic condition indicator (standardised) - obtained from {https://sites.google.com/site/cjsbaumeister/datasets?authuser=0}; 4) S.SH: oil supply shock - obtained from {https://sites.google.com/site/cjsbaumeister/datasets?authuser=0}; 5) OCDSH: oil consumption demand - obtained from {https://sites.google.com/site/cjsbaumeister/datasets?authuser=0}; 6) OIDSH: oil inventory demand- obtained from {https://sites.google.com/site/cjsbaumeister/datasets?authuser=0}; 7) EASH: oil demand shocks driven by global economic activity - obtained from {https://sites.google.com/site/cjsbaumeister/datasets?authuser=0}; 8) GEPU: global economic policy uncertainty index - , a normalised index of the volume of news articles discussing economic policy uncertainty; due to the nonstationarity of the data, obtained from: {https://www.policyuncertainty.com/global_monthly.html} 9) EXPT: Brent spot prices expectations formulated by the U.S. Energy Information Association; 10) SPX - end-of-month data of S&P500 11) SPECUL1: Net position of Money Managers (long-short) for Brent contract - based on the ICE Futures Europe Commitments of Traders Reports ({www.ice.com/marketdata/reports/122}); 12) SPECUL2: Speculation measure analogous to Working's (1960) index, which measures the speculative activity of non-commercial traders in the crude oil market.

Saudi Arabia is the largest generator of crude oil export value for the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). In 2024, its oil export revenues totaled 179 billion U.S. dollars, compared to Iraq’s 93 billion U.S. dollars. Saudi Arabia is also the largest OPEC crude oil exporter, at over six million barrels per day. In total, the OPEC' export revenue stream reached 550 billion U.S. dollars in 2024. What is the OPEC? The OPEC was founded in 1960 in Baghdad with just five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela). Currently, there are 12 member states, accounting for about 80 percent of the world’s global crude oil reserves. OPEC’s market decisions have a significant influence on the global oil market as well as international relations, especially in times of civil unrest that can disrupt fuel supplies. The mission of the organization is to coordinate petroleum policies of its members and to ensure the stabilization of oil markets. The OPEC also provides information about the global oil market.

Austria Energy Prices: Net: Annual Avg: Gas Oil: Industry data was reported at 1,053.710 EUR/Ton in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 515.870 EUR/Ton for 2021. Austria Energy Prices: Net: Annual Avg: Gas Oil: Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 429.171 EUR/Ton from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2022, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1,053.710 EUR/Ton in 2022 and a record low of 228.799 EUR/Ton in 2003. Austria Energy Prices: Net: Annual Avg: Gas Oil: Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics Austria. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Austria – Table AT.P001: Energy Prices: Annual Average.

Austria Energy Prices: Net: Annual Avg: Heavy Fuel Oil: Industry data was reported at 685.610 EUR/Ton in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 419.940 EUR/Ton for 2021. Austria Energy Prices: Net: Annual Avg: Heavy Fuel Oil: Industry data is updated yearly, averaging 358.918 EUR/Ton from Dec 2003 (Median) to 2022, with 20 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 685.610 EUR/Ton in 2022 and a record low of 154.000 EUR/Ton in 2004. Austria Energy Prices: Net: Annual Avg: Heavy Fuel Oil: Industry data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Statistics Austria. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Austria – Table AT.P001: Energy Prices: Annual Average.

High Frequency Indicator: The dataset contains year- and month-wise compiled data from the year 2011-2 to till date on the volume and value (both in indian rupees and US dollars) of crude oil and petroleum products imports and exports made including the value of net imports (trade balance) made. The types of petroleum products imported and exported include High Speed Diesel (HSD)/Diesel, Lubricating Oil Bluestacks (LOBs)/Lube Oil, Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG), Motor Spirit (MS)/Petrol, Petcoke/Carbon Black Feed Stock (CBFS), Superior Kerosene Oil (SKO)/Kerosene, etc.

Notes: 1) RIL SEZ imports/exports are included in country's import/export data 2) LNG import are not included in Imports 3) The category others in import includes Paraffin wax, Petroleum Jelly, Aviation Gas, MTBE, Reformate etc. 4) Nepal sales by IOCL, Nepal and Bhutan sales by BPCL are considered in total exports with average Rupee-US$ exchange rate 5) RIL SEZ's Motor Spirit export includes export of Alkylates 6) ATF exports by RIL does not include ATF sales to foreign going airlines 7) The category others in export include Benzene, Hexane, MTO, Sulphur, etc.

Natural gas rose to 4.94 USD/MMBtu on December 3, 2025, up 2.04% from the previous day. Over the past month, Natural gas's price has risen 13.71%, and is up 62.29% compared to the same time last year, according to trading on a contract for difference (CFD) that tracks the benchmark market for this commodity. Natural gas - values, historical data, forecasts and news - updated on December of 2025.

The gross output of the U.S. oil and gas extraction industry stood at 478.75 billion U.S. dollars in 2023, up from 652.94 billion dollars in the previous year. Gross output saw a net increase since 2017 and generally reflect changes in crude oil prices and underlying world market developments. Growth in industry's value added Taking into account the cost of services and goods used during production, the industry's value added has increased along greater gross output. In 2023, value added by the U.S. oil and gas extraction industry climbed to over 250 billion U.S. dollars. Trends in domestic oil production Domestic oil production has grown exceptionally since technological advances and historically high oil prices made shale mining profitable. Between 2008 and 2023, U.S. oil production increased nearly three-fold, reaching a new peak in the latter year.

The value added by the U.S. oil and gas extraction industry amounted to 257.03 billion U.S dollars in 2023. This was a notable decrease from the previous year, but an increase compared to before 2021 which saw a decline in oil product demand due to pandemic-induced lockdowns. Energy supply fears in the wake of the Russia-Ukraine war as well as a return to pre-pandemic level economic activity are partly responsible for the increase in value added noted in 2022. The close connection between 'value added' and crude oil prices The term 'value added' here refers to the difference between the industry's gross output and the cost of production. In the oil and gas industry, the annual value added is majorly influenced by the impact of world market developments on crude oil prices. As these prices underlay market speculation they are especially volatile. For example, the peak in value added recorded in 2022 comes as domestic first purchase prices for crude oil in the U.S. saw a major increase to over 90 U.S. dollars per barrel, benefiting producers in the country. In 2023, the price was nearly 76 U.S. dollars per barrel. Oil and gas industry's contributions to U.S. GDP Producing sectors have historically been a major contributor to the country's gross domestic product. However, as technological advancements have strengthened the service industry, the role of producing sectors declined. In 2023, mining (which includes oil and gas extraction) contributed 380.9 billion U.S. dollars to U.S. coffers. This made it the third smallest contributing just sector ahead of utilities and agriculture.

Statistics illustrates the net export value of Crude Oil and Processed Petroleum in Indonesia from 2007 to 2024 by trade partner.

India Petroleum Net Imports: Value: Crude Oil data was reported at 5,659.510 INR bn in 2018. This records an increase from the previous number of 4,701.590 INR bn for 2017. India Petroleum Net Imports: Value: Crude Oil data is updated yearly, averaging 835.280 INR bn from Mar 1990 (Median) to 2018, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 8,648.750 INR bn in 2014 and a record low of 40.894 INR bn in 1990. India Petroleum Net Imports: Value: Crude Oil data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.RBA002: Petroleum: Overview.

Discover the latest insights into Egypt's Oil & Gas market, projected to reach $9.42 billion by 2033. Analyze market size, growth, key players (BP, Shell, ExxonMobil), and regional trends impacting this dynamic sector. Learn about growth drivers, restraints, and future forecasts for this lucrative market. Recent developments include: June 2023: United Oil and Gas Company (UOG) reported the discovery of a total of 12.5 meters of net oil pay during testing of the ASD-3 development well in the Abu Sennan license onshore Egypt. This included 3 meters of net pay in the Abu Roash C reservoir (AR-C) and 9.5 meters of net pay in the Abu Roash E (AR-E) reservoir across the primary Abu Roash reservoir., May 2023: Dana Gas, a UAE-based energy firm, unveiled its plans to commence drilling 11 new wells in Egypt by the year-end. The projected outcome of these wells is an addition of up to 80 bcf (billion cubic feet) of reserves and production. Dana Gas has earmarked approximately USD 100 million for these drilling activities. Notably, the company holds four concessions in Egypt and is actively pursuing its consolidation into a single concession. This initiative is currently pending approval by the House of Representatives.. Key drivers for this market are: 4., Increasing Investment in Oil and Gas Sector4.; Supportive Government Policies. Potential restraints include: 4., Increasing Investment in Oil and Gas Sector4.; Supportive Government Policies. Notable trends are: Upstream Sector is Expected to be the Fastest Growing Sector.

Total-Other-Income-Expense-Net Time Series for Marathon Petroleum Corp. Marathon Petroleum Corporation, together with its subsidiaries, operates as an integrated downstream energy company in the United States. The company operates through three segments: Refining & Marketing; Midstream; and Renewable Diesel. The Refining & Marketing segment refines crude oil and other feedstocks at its refineries in the Gulf Coast, Mid-Continent, and West Coast regions of the United States; and purchases refined products and ethanol for resale and distributes refined products through transportation, storage, distribution, and marketing services. Its refined products include transportation fuels, such as reformulated gasolines and blend-grade gasolines; heavy fuel oil; and asphalt. This segment also manufactures propane and petrochemicals. It sells refined products to wholesale marketing customers in the United States and internationally, buyers on the spot market, and independent entrepreneurs who operate primarily Marathon branded outlets, as well as through long-term fuel supply contracts to direct dealer locations primarily under the ARCO brand. The Midstream segment gathers, transports, stores, distributes, and markets crude oil and refined products, including renewable diesel and other hydrocarbon-based products through refining logistics assets, pipelines, terminals, towboats, and barges; gathers, processes, and transports natural gas; and transports, fractionates, stores, and markets natural gas liquids. The Renewable Diesel segment processes renewable feedstocks into renewable diesel, markets, and distributes renewable diesel through its Midstream segment and third parties. It sells renewable diesel to wholesale marketing customers, buyers on the spot market, and through long-term supply contracts to direct dealers under the ARCO brand. Marathon Petroleum Corporation was founded in 1887 and is headquartered in Findlay, Ohio.