{"The file dataset.xlsx contains structured financial time series data prepared for an event study analysis (ESA) examining market reactions to the onset of the Russia–Ukraine war. The dataset encompasses observations from a diversified selection of asset classes, including: (i) safe-haven assets (gold, silver, platinum, Bitcoin), (ii) energy commodities (Brent crude oil, WTI crude oil, natural gas, coal, EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) allowances), (iii) energy equities (68 stocks from the S&P 1500 classified under the Energy sector), (iv) the S&P 500 index, and (v) energy-related cryptocurrencies (Electrify.Asia, Energy Web Token, Grid+, Power Ledger, SunContract, Efforce, and WePower). For abnormal return estimation, each asset group is matched with an appropriate benchmark index in accordance with ESA methodology: the Dow Jones Precious Metals Index (for gold, silver, and platinum), the CMC Crypto 200 Index (for Bitcoin and energy-related cryptocurrencies), the S&P GSCI Index (for energy commodities), the S&P 500 Index (for energy equities), and the MSCI All Country World Index (ACWI) for the general market. Event date is set to February 24, 2022, marking the outbreak of the full-scale military invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation. The estimation window comprises 252 daily price observations ending on December 31, 2021 (inclusive). The event window extends from t = –30 to t = +30 relative to the event date. The dataset is formatted to facilitate empirical testing of market efficiency, price sensitivity to geopolitical shocks, and asset class-specific abnormal return dynamics."}

Additional file 1. African equities, foreign exchange and cryptocurrencies 2020–2022 daily data.

Whilst respondents to a survey held on trading platform Huobi listed several reasons that would lead them not to invest in crypto, one reason stood out. Potential investors were more concerned about knowing how the sector worked rather than the cryptocurrency market being too risky on regulated. Note that the source does not clarify the country of origin of the survey respondents. Most visitors to the Seychelles-based cryptocurrency trading platform in 2022 came from Russia and Ukraine, despite that the exchange was originally founded in China.

This study examines the correlation among Bitcoin (BTC), gold, equity, bonds, and exchange rate volatility in the context of new developments during Russia Ukraine conflict using daily data from January 01, 2018, to May 30, 2023. Three GARCH estimation models are utilized to capture the hedging, diversification, and safe haven properties of Bitcoin in Russian financial market. The results indicate from GJR-GARCH estimation model exhibits that BTC has hedging ability against the bonds and gold that enables investors to diversify the risk among the underline financial assets. In addition, value at risk and conditional value at risk estimations are employed to estimate potential losses in the portfolio during the crisis. The study observes a significant increase in Bitcoin investments during crisis, leading to heightening the volatility and uncertainty where negative news has a stronger impact compared to positive news which underscores the importance of prudent asset allocation for risk mitigation. The study provides notable policy implications within the context of the ongoing crisis between Russia and Ukraine.

The token from decentralized payment platform AMP saw its market cap decline by over ** percent between late 2021 and early 2022. This decline is connected to global developments impacting the overall crypto market, as the invasion of Russia into Ukraine caused a drop in the market cap of all cryptocurrencies. AMP is regarded as one of the main Decentralized Finance applications aimed at payments. It operates as a collateral token inside a merchant network called Flexa, aimed at accepting low-cost digital payments whilst also acting as a way of transaction insurance - stepping in when the Flexa network fails to process a transaction. By doing so, AMP and Flexa hope to remove the uncertainty involved with payment settlements. Note, however, that some countries, such as China, are developing CBDC - or "official" digital currencies from a country's central bank, which, for some, may lower the need for payment solutions within Decentralized Finance.