Cumberland County watershed areas.

Adequate water resources are vital for municipal needs in the Cumberland River watershed. As a result of continuing population growth, moderate to extreme droughts and floods, demands for competing water resources, and aging infrastructure, the evaluation of ongoing water-resources issues has become increasingly important to Federal, State, and local water-resources managers. In order to assist local decision makers in the watershed, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a study in 2013 to document groundwater and surface-water withdrawals. Estimates of water use for public supply were projected in 10-year increments through 2040 and were based on 2010 public supply water data and population projections for 2020 through 2040. The data for public supply water systems located in Tennessee were obtained from the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Division of Water Resources. The data for public-supply water systems located in Kentucky were obtained from the USGS office in Louisville, Kentucky. This dataset includes U.S. Census Population Data from the U.S. Census Bureau for 2000 and 2010; population projections from the Center for Business and Economic Research in Tennessee; and population projections from the Kentucky State Data Center for 2020, 2030, and 2040. Also included is a sample calculation of water-use projections in 2020, 2030, and 2040 for one of the public-supply systems in the Cumberland River watershed; Franklin Water Department - Franklin, Williamson County, Tennessee. Data in this release were used to support the projections and trends analysis published in the companion report Robinson (2019). Reference Robinson, J.A., 2019, Estimated use of water in the Cumberland River watershed in 2010 and projections of public-supply water use to 2040: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2018–5130, 62 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20185130.

Financial overview and grant giving statistics of Upper Cumberland River Watershed Watch Inc.

The Middle Cumberland Region is a unique area of Mississippian period (ca. 1000-1500 CE) culture focused along the Cumberland River watershed of central Tennessee. This ArcGIS shapefile presents a polygon of the Middle Cumberland Region, based on archival research of both published and unpublished data on file at the Tennessee Division of Archaeology (Nashville, TN). The boundary is visualized in ArcMap 10.8.1 primarily using 10-digit Hydrologic Unit (HU-10) USGS Watershed Boundary data.

Terrain data, as defined in FEMA Guidelines and Specifications, Appendix M: Data Capture Standards, describes the digital topographic data that was used to create the elevation data representing the terrain environment of a watershed and/or floodplain. Terrain data requirements allow for flexibility in the types of information provided as sources used to produce final terrain deliverables. Once this type of data is provided, FEMA will be able to account for the origins of the flood study elevation data. (Source: FEMA Guidelines and Specifications, Appendix M, Section M.1.4).

Major Kentucky watersheds are grouped into 7 Basin Team Areas for coordinating Division of Water efforts in managing water resources. Basin Coordinators focus resources and engage stakeholders in these Basin Team Areas. Basin Team Areas include: 1. Kentucky River 2. Salt River 3. Licking Rivers 4. Four Rivers (Mississippi, Tennessee, Lower Ohio and Lower Cumberland Rivers) 5. Upper Cumberland River 6. Green and Tradewater Rivers 7. Big Sandy and Little Sandy Rivers and Tygarts Creek.

Streams with extant and historic blackside dace (Chrosomus cumberlandensis) populations. Blackside dace is federally-list as threatened. These data represent known populations as of September 2009 and are not meant to represent every stream in which the species may occur in. The species is known to occur in streams throughout much of the Upper Cumberland River watershed primarily above Cumberland Falls. A few disjunct populations are also known from the North Fork Powell River watershed (Lee Co., VA) and Staunton Creek watershed, Clinch River system (Scott Co., VA). The Virginian populations are not included in this data.https://ky.box.com/v/kymartian-blackside-dace

The Corps Water Management System (CWMS) includes four interrelated models to assist with water management for the basin:

• GeoHMS (Geospatial Hydrologic Modeling Extension)
• ResSIM (Reservoir System Simulation)
• RAS (River Analysis System)
• FIA (Flood Impact Analysis)

The Kentucky River is formed in eastern Kentucky at Beattyville, in Lee County, by the confluence of the North, Middle and South Forks at about 670 feet (200 m) elevation, and flows generally northwest, in a highly meandering course through the mountains, through the Daniel Boone National Forest, then past Irvine and Boonesborough, then southwest, passing south of Lexington, then north through Frankfort. It joins the Ohio at Carrollton.

The North Fork Kentucky River is approximately 168 miles (270 km) long. It rises on the western side of Pine Mountain, in the Appalachians of extreme southeastern Kentucky, in eastern Letcher County near the Virginia state line in Payne Gap, near the intersection of US 23 and US 119. It flows generally northwest, in a winding course through the mountainous Cumberland Plateau, past Whitesburg, Hazard and Jackson. It receives Rockhouse Creek at Blackey near its source. Approximately 8 miles (13 km) southeast of Hazard, it receives the Carr Fork. It receives Troublesome Creek at Haddix, southeast of Jackson. Three miles upstream from its confluence with the South Fork, it receives the Middle Fork. It joins the South Fork to form the Kentucky at Beattyville.

The Middle Fork Kentucky River is a tributary of the North Fork Kentucky River, approximately 105 miles (169 km) long, in southeastern Kentucky. It rises in the Appalachian Mountains in southernmost Leslie County, approximately 16 miles (26 km) from the Virginia state line, and flows north through the Cumberland Plateau past Hyden. At Buckhorn, it is impounded to form the Buckhorn Lake reservoir. North of the reservoir it flows generally northwest and joins the North Fork in Lee County, approximately 5 miles (8 km) east of the confluence of the North and South forks at Beattyville.

The South Fork Kentucky River is approximately 45 miles (72 km) long. It is formed in Clay County, at the town of Oneida in the Daniel Boone National Forest, approximately 10 miles (16 km) northeast of Manchester, by the confluence of Goose Creek and the Red Bird River. It flows generally north in a highly meandering course through the mountainous Cumberland Plateau region. It joins the North Fork to form the Kentucky at Beattyville.

Karst hydrologic systems are important resources in the state of Tennessee both as drinking water resources and as centers for possible biological diversity. These systems are susceptible to contamination due to the inherent connectivity between surface water and groundwater systems in karst systems. A partnership between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Tennessee Department of Conservation (TDEC) was formed to investigate karst spring systems across the state utilizing fluorescent groundwater tracing, particularly in areas where these resources may be used as drinking water sources. In fall 2021, USGS and TDEC staff identified possible vulnerabilities or complexities that may exist within karst spring systems based upon maturity of karst development, underlying geology, and uncertainties related to estimated recharge areas. Based upon initial research, several study areas were selected. In late winter 2021, fieldwork began in areas surrounding the Tennessee communities of Cowan, Jasper, Vanleer, and Woodbury. These communities are located in three physiographic provinces; Cowan and Jasper are near the Cumberland Plateau while Vanleer and Woodbury are located on the Western and Eastern Highland Rim, respectively. These systems are in areas where the hydrology has been significantly altered by karst processes and thus the groundwater pathways are complex and unpredictable. The community of Woodbury, Tennessee is in Cannon County, in the valley of the East Fork of the Stones River. Beginning near Short Mountain, the East Fork of the Stones River flows through Woodbury to Murfreesboro. The valley lies within the larger Cumberland River watershed. Ordovician Bigby-Cannon Limestone, the Hermitage Formation and Carter Limestone are exposed in the river valleys and side hollows. Higher elevations are capped with the Mississippian Fort Payne Formation and Chattanooga Shale. The areas underlain by carbonate units are altered by karst processes resulting in most surface water sinking underground. Springs discharge karst groundwater in low areas including Doolittle and Cavender Branches, and Parchcorn Hollow. Dye tracing work in the Woodbury area was started in Water Year 2022 and is published in Miller and others (2023). In Water Year 2023 a total of six dye injections were conducted over two rounds. The total monitoring network for the Woodbury project consisted of 34 monitoring sites where charcoal packets were deployed. This data release contains shapefiles that relate to dye injection locations, monitoring sites, and dye traces conducted in the Woodbury area during the 2023 Water Year (10/1/2022-9/30/2023). All files were created in ArcGIS Pro and each shapefile contains associated attributes for the features contained within. Layer files are included with the datasets to match symbology found in figures in the accompanying report. All shapefiles and layers were created and modified in ArcGIS software. For a full description of the methods to create these files, see Process Steps in "WD23_Metadata.xml" metadata file. Data within each child item of this data release are named with a two-letter abbreviation unique for the community where the tracing occurred and the water year the work was conducted (e.g. WD23). Abbreviations for the communities are as followed: CR = Caryville, CW = Cowan, JS = Jasper, LF = Lafayette, MR = Morristown, VN = Vanleer, WD = Woodbury.

The Corps Water Management System (CWMS) includes four interrelated models to assist with water management for the basin:

• GeoHMS (Geospatial Hydrologic Modeling Extension)
• ResSIM (Reservoir System Simulation)
• RAS (River Analysis System)
• FIA (Flood Impact Analysis)

The Black Warrior-Tombigbee (BWT) River basin drains approximately 21,500 square miles, including a large portion of northeast Mississippi and approximately one third of the state of Alabama. The Black Warrior-Tombigbee drainage basin includes part or all of 29 counties in Alabama and Mississippi, with a combined population of several million. The basin is roughly triangular in shape, and is approximately 290 miles long with a width that varies from about 200 miles near the top of the basin to about 30 miles near the outlet. The Black Warrior River is formed about 20 miles west of Birmingham, Alabama, by the union of the Locust and Mulberry Forks, and from there flows in a generally southwesterly direction to its confluence with the Tombigbee River near Demopolis, Alabama. The Tombigbee River flows to near Calvert, Alabama, where it joins the Alabama River to form the Mobile River. Water resources in the BWT Basin have been managed to serve a variety of purposes including navigation, hydroelectric power, flood risk management, water supply, and water quality.

The Black Warrior River Basin is a 6,274 square mile watershed with headwaters originating in the Cumberland Plateau, just west of Birmingham, Alabama. From the confluence of the Locust and Mulberry Forks, the Black Warrior River flows generally southwest 45 miles to Tuscaloosa and then 130 miles to its confluence with the Tombigbee River at Demopolis. The three main headwater tributaries of the Black Warrior River are the Locust, Mulberry, and Sipsey Forks. The Sipsey Fork flows into the Mulberry fork approximately 44 miles above the confluence of the Mulberry Fork and Locust Fork, which form the Black Warrior River. Other major tributaries are North River and Blackwater, Lost, Village, and Valley creeks. From its headwater tributaries to about Tuscaloosa, Alabama, the Black Warrior River flows through deep narrow valleys and gorges in terrain that ranges from hilly to mountainous. Located entirely in this rugged country, the Locust, Mulberry, and Sipsey Forks have average slopes of approximately 3.5, 2, and 7 feet per mile, respectively. Channel capacities are 15,000 cfs on the Locust Fork at Sayre and 34,000 cfs on the Mulberry Fork at Cordova. From its confluence through this hill country, the Black Warrior River has an average slope of 2.7 feet per mile, relatively high banks, and an average channel width of about 800 feet. Below Tuscaloosa, the river crosses the fall line into the coastal plain, and the topography changes abruptly, resulting in relatively flat slopes, lower banks, and wider flood plains. The average slope of the Black Warrior River below Tuscaloosa to the confluence with the Tombigbee is about 0.5 feet per mile. The channel capacity at Tuscaloosa is about 65,000 cfs.

Along the Black Warrior River below Tuscaloosa, the flood plain averages about 4 miles in width and contains a mixture of agricultural and wooded lands. The primary agricultural use is pasture, but corn, cotton, hay, and many native crops are also grown in the flood plain. In the vicinity of Tuscaloosa and above Tuscaloosa the flood plain is generally 1 mile in width or narrower. The area above Tuscaloosa is also primarily farm land, however in the upper part of the Black Warrior basin there is a highly developed industrial area, concentrated mainly in the Birmingham region. The principal industry in the area is the production of primary metals and related by-products.

Macroinvertebrates were collected at sixteen stream sites in the Little River Watershed in July and September 2000. The organisms were identified to the lowest taxa practical. The resulting data were used to calculate various macroinvertebrate metrics and a macroinvertebrate bioassessment index (MBI) for each site on each sampling date. The watershed is located within the Lower Cumberland Watershed in Western Kentucky.

This resource contains high-frequency EXOS water quality sensor data collected at the outlet of the Paint Rock study watershed, including conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, fluorescent dissolved organic matter concentrations, and temperature. This study was conducted in the Paint Rock research watershed (outlet location: 34.96861724, -86.16501705) on privately owned property in Jackson County (AL, USA). The watershed drains a non-perennial unnamed tributary to Burks Creek, and contains 2.97 km^2 of deciduous forest in the Cumberland Plateau physiographic section. Located near Estillfork, AL, the watershed spans an elevation range from 211 to 550 m above sea level, and is a tributary to the Paint Rock River (within the larger Tennessee basin). The region has a humid subtropical climate, with mean daily January and July air temperatures of 4.4°C and 25.4°C respectively, and mean annual precipitation of 1,390 mm/yr.

These data were collected in support of the core sampling goals of the Aquatic Intermittency effects on Microbiomes in Streams (AIMS) Project. Between 1 August 2021 and 4 September 2024, we monitored surface water quality and physicochemistry at the outlet (PRM01) of the AIMS Paint Rock watershed at 15 minute intervals using a multi-parameter sonde (YSI EXO2).

Included in this excel file are four tabs: 1. Metadata: methods, authorship and site information; 2. Data Types: column descriptions for each data file in this resource; 3. Site_info; site name, latitude and longitude for the site at which the sensor was deployed; 4. QAQC'ed EXO data

Sensors were maintained every three weeks according to this SOP: Flynn, S., S. Godsey, R. Hale, R. Lanfear, E. Seybold, S. Speir, M. Wolford (2025). Sensor Maintenance SOP, HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/f056a431a6794d2dbf9f6206c00ac560

Sensors were calibrated quarterly according to this SOP: Flynn, S., R. Lanfear, E. Seybold (2025). Sensor Calibration SOP, HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/85fa713daf0142a4b45e3bc8ff1d1e30

FDOM was corrected for Turbidity and Temperature according to the methods from Downing et al 2012.

For information about installing sensors, please see https://www.hydroshare.org/resource/703cf05242f7455c8dfb072dd072c962/

For further information on pressure transducer data related to this resource, please see: Peterson, D., N. Jones (2025). Paint Rock Pressure Transducer Data (AIMS_SE_PRF_approach1_PRES), HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/a45b5e24dafc4a76a665405664afada7

For further information on continuous discharge measurements at the watershed outlet/related to this resource, please see: Plont, S., S. Speir, D. Peterson, N. Jones (2025). AIMS Paint Rock Continuous Discharge at Watershed Outlet Data (AIMS_SE_PRF_DISC), HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/043fc07f0c3b47bcabbd0bf5600d929f

For further information on field discharge measurements related to this resource, please see: Plont, S., D. Peterson, N. Jones, S. Speir (2025). AIMS Paint Rock Field Discharge Data (AIMS_SE_PRF_DISL), HydroShare, http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/d52b989e537349019842dba236627b66