A graphic that displays the dollar performance against other currencies reveals that economic developments had mixed results on currency exchanges. The third quarter of 2023 marked a period of disinflation in the euro area, while China's projected growth was projected to go up. The United States economy was said to have a relatively strong performance in Q3 2023, although growing capital market interest rate and the resumption of student loan repayments might dampen this growth at the end of 2023. A relatively weak Japanese yen Q3 2023 saw pressure from investors towards Japanese authorities on how they would respond to the situation surrounding the Japanese yen. The USD/JPY rate was close to ***, whereas analysts suspected it should be around ** given the country's purchase power parity. The main reason for this disparity is said to be the differences in central bank interest rates between the United States, the euro area, and Japan. Any future aggressive changes from, especially the U.S. Fed might lower those differences. Financial markets responded somewhat disappoint when Japan did not announce major plans to tackle the situation. Potential rent decreases in 2024 Central bank rates peak in 2023, although it is expected that some of these will decline in early 2024. That said, analysts expect overall policies will remain restrictive. For example, the Bank of England's interest rate remained unchanged at **** percent in Q3 2023. It is believed the United Kingdom's central bank will ease its interest rate in 2024 but less than either the U.S. Fed or the European Central Bank. This should be a positive development for the pound compared to either the euro or the dollar.

This dataset contains the currency exchange rates of G20 countries against the USD. The period covered is from 2000 to 2021.

Source: OCED My Tableau Viz on this dataset: https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/mohamed.harris7159/viz/G20CountriesCurrencyExchangeRates/CurrencyExchangeRates

You can take inspirations from the above viz to recreate it using Python.

Please upvote if you find this data useful for your analysis.

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Foreign Exchange Market Size 2025-2029

The foreign exchange market size is valued to increase by USD 582 billion, at a CAGR of 10.6% from 2024 to 2029. Growing urbanization and digitalization will drive the foreign exchange market.

Major Market Trends & Insights

Europe dominated the market and accounted for a 47% growth during the forecast period.
By Type - Reporting dealers segment was valued at USD 278.60 billion in 2023
By Trade Finance Instruments - Currency swaps segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: USD 118.14 billion
Market Future Opportunities: USD 582.00 billion
CAGR from 2024 to 2029 : 10.6%

Market Summary

The market, a dynamic and intricate web of financial transactions, plays a pivotal role in facilitating global trade and economic interactions. Its primary function is to enable the conversion of one currency into another, thereby mitigating the risk of currency fluctuations for businesses and investors. Key drivers of this market include growing urbanization and digitalization, which have expanded trading opportunities to a 24x7 global economy. However, the uncertainty of future exchange rates poses a significant challenge, necessitating effective risk management strategies. The market's evolution reflects the increasing interconnectedness of the global economy. Transactions occur in a decentralized, over-the-counter system, with major trading centers in London, New York, and Tokyo.
Participants include commercial banks, investment banks, hedge funds, and individual investors, all seeking to capitalize on price differences between currencies. Trends shaping the market include the increasing use of automation and artificial intelligence to analyze market data and execute trades. Regulatory changes, such as the introduction of stricter capital requirements, also impact the market's functioning. Looking ahead, the market is expected to remain a vital component of the global financial landscape, with continued growth driven by increased trade and economic interdependence. However, challenges, such as regulatory changes and geopolitical risks, will necessitate adaptability and innovation from market participants.

What will be the Size of the Foreign Exchange Market during the forecast period?

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How is the Foreign Exchange Market Segmented ?

The foreign exchange industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Reporting dealers
  Financial institutions
  Non-financial customers


Trade Finance Instruments

  Currency swaps
  Outright forward and FX swaps
  FX options


Trading Platforms

  Electronic Trading
  Over-the-Counter (OTC)
  Mobile Trading


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    Germany
    Switzerland
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The reporting dealers segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market, a dynamic and ever-evolving financial landscape, is characterized by constant activity and intricate patterns. Participants engage in various trading strategies, employing advanced tools such as stop-loss and take-profit orders on forex trading platforms. Real-time data feeds and order book dynamics facilitate trade execution speed, while market microstructure and slippage minimization techniques ensure efficient transactions. Currency correlation analysis and transaction cost analysis are integral to informed decision-making, with backtesting methodologies providing valuable insights. Currency forwards contracts, position sizing techniques, and forex derivatives pricing are essential components of risk management systems. Carry trade strategies, hedging strategies, and interest rate parity are popular tactics employed by market participants.

Algorithmic trading strategies, driven by options pricing models and trading algorithms' efficiency, significantly influence price discovery mechanisms. High-frequency trading and volatility modeling contribute to the market's liquidity risk management, while foreign exchange swaps and currency option valuation help manage risk. The market's complexities necessitate sophisticated risk management systems and intricate order routing optimization. Global payments systems facilitate the smooth transfer of funds, and liquidity risk management remains a critical concern for market participants. According to recent studies, The market is estimated to account for approximately USD6 trillion in daily trading volume, und

Graph and download economic data for Trade-Weighted Exchange Value of U.S. Dollar vs G-10 Countries (DISCONTINUED) (TWEXMTHY) from Jan 1971 to Dec 1998 about trade-weighted, exchange rate, currency, rate, and USA.

India Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data was reported at 85.987 USD/INR in 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 83.669 USD/INR for 2024. India Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data is updated yearly, averaging 45.732 USD/INR from Dec 1987 (Median) to 2025, with 39 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 85.987 USD/INR in 2025 and a record low of 12.949 USD/INR in 1987. India Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s India – Table IN.World Bank.GEM: Foreign Exchange Rates: Annual. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).

Forex daily volume was nearly ***** billion U.S. dollars for the USD currency, an amount ***** times higher than for the euro (EUR). The forex - or foreign exchange market - turnover per day is a figure that is not often measured, only once every three years. No figures are available for 2020, for instance. What figures are available, however, indicate that the USD currency far outweighs that of many other currencies all over the world. What is the forex market? The forex market is based on the fluctuations in the value of currency interest rates. For example, the U.S. dollar performs differently against other major currencies. If one can properly predict these fluctuations, they can buy a weaker currency with a stronger one. After the currencies rebalance, the original currency will be worth more in terms of the exchange rate, giving the investor a profit. There are many foreign exchange trading services, including many multinational banks that already work in multiple currencies. Other currency trading functions Countries and central banks typically hold foreign currencies. These international reserves help facilitate the transactions in international trade, which is one reason China’s foreign reserves are so high. Countries can buy and sell foreign currencies to maintain a particular exchange rate. This is necessary for currencies that are pegged to another currency, such as the U.S. dollar. However, some countries are accused of exchange rate manipulation to make their exports seem more attractive. Finally, certain currencies are considered safer. Citizens and firms in a country with an unstable currency will buy these currencies to avoid volatility, or even hyperinflation, in their home currency.

Graph and download economic data for Currency Conversions: US Dollar Exchange Rate: Average of Daily Rates: National Currency: USD for Euro Area (19 Countries) (CCUSMA02EZA661N) from 1990 to 2023 about Euro Area, Europe, exchange rate, currency, and rate.

In order to gain a better empirical understanding of the international financial implications of currency movements, we construct a database of international currency exposures for a large panel of countries over 1990-2004. We show that trade-weighted exchange rate indices are insufficient to understand the financial impact of currency movements and that our currency measures have high explanatory power for the valuation term in net foreign asset dynamics. Exchange rate valuation shocks are sizable, not quickly reversed, and may entail substantial wealth redistributions. Further, we show that many developing countries have substantially reduced their negative foreign currency positions over the last decade. (F31, F32, G15)

This dataset provides values for FOREIGN EXCHANGE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Graph and download economic data for Real Broad Effective Exchange Rate for United States (RBUSBIS) from Jan 1994 to Oct 2025 about broad, exchange rate, currency, real, rate, indexes, and USA.

The data was collected from Currency Data API which provides a simple REST API with real-time and historical exchange rates for 168 world currencies, delivering currency pairs in universally usable JSON format - compatible with any of your applications. Spot exchange rate data is retrieved from several major forex data providers in real-time, validated, processed and delivered hourly, every 10 minutes, or even within the 60-second market window. Providing the most representative forex market value available ("midpoint" value) for every API request, the Currency Data API API powers currency converters, mobile applications, financial software components and back-office systems all around the world.

The data has been collected from APILayer. They are providing the API's to extract the data with the help of any programming language. I extracted the data with the help of Python using the packages json, requests and pandas. In case you want to cite this source, below is the Citation Aqib Gul. (2022). Currency Data | Business Analysis [Data set]. Kaggle. https://doi.org/10.34740/KAGGLE/DSV/4271166

Uzbekistan had the weakest currency against the U.S. dollar among the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) as of January 2025. The exchange rate of the U.S. dollar to the Uzbekistani som was close to 13,000 as of January 6, 2025. At the same time, one U.S. dollar equaled around 2.8 Georgian lari.

United States US: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index data was reported at 117.451 2010=100 in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 117.772 2010=100 for 2016. United States US: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index data is updated yearly, averaging 108.785 2010=100 from Dec 1980 (Median) to 2017, with 38 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 147.640 2010=100 in 1985 and a record low of 95.102 2010=100 in 2011. United States US: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.World Bank.WDI: Exchange Rates and Real Effective Exchange Rates. Real effective exchange rate is the nominal effective exchange rate (a measure of the value of a currency against a weighted average of several foreign currencies) divided by a price deflator or index of costs.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics.; ;

As of August 1, 2023, one U.S. dollar could buy 21,021.7 Sierra Leonean leones (SLL), the highest exchange rate among the African currencies. Furthermore, one U.S. dollar corresponded to 758.9 Nigerian naira (NGN), 30.85 Egyptian pounds (EGP), 18.03 South African rand (ZAR), and 9.86 Moroccan dirhams (MAD) as of the same date.

Exchange rates and inflation: a case study of West African countries

Exchange rates can affect a country's inflation rate and the purchasing power of its currency. If a country's currency depreciates significantly, it can lead to higher inflation as the cost of imported goods and services increases. Indeed, the inflation rate in Sierra Leone increased steeply over the past two years. The IMF further estimates that inflation will continue to rise before falling again. This high inflation and other factors also led to the depreciation of the SLL. Furthermore, a regional perspective showed that Nigeria and Liberia faced similar high inflation rates.

Businesses' strategies for tackling inflation

Unfavorable exchange rates negatively impact countries' economies. It does this in various ways, including limiting businesses' ability to grow. Issues such as inflation affect purchasing power and businesses' investment decisions. In 2023, a survey revealed that a substantial number of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) employed various measures to offset the impact of inflation. Approximately 36 percent of these businesses tapped into their personal savings to bolster their operations, while another 32 percent opted to scale down their business activities.

Graph and download economic data for Broad Effective Exchange Rate for United States (NBUSBIS) from Jan 1994 to Oct 2025 about broad, exchange rate, currency, rate, indexes, and USA.

Finland FI: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index data was reported at 97.579 2010=100 in 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 97.904 2010=100 for 2016. Finland FI: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index data is updated yearly, averaging 107.372 2010=100 from Dec 1967 (Median) to 2017, with 51 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 137.825 2010=100 in 1990 and a record low of 96.830 2010=100 in 2015. Finland FI: Real Effective Exchange Rate Index data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Finland – Table FI.World Bank.WDI: Exchange Rates and Real Effective Exchange Rates. Real effective exchange rate is the nominal effective exchange rate (a measure of the value of a currency against a weighted average of several foreign currencies) divided by a price deflator or index of costs.; ; International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics.; ;

This dataset provides values for EXCHANGE RATE. reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

BI: Official Rate: End of Period: National Currency per USD data was reported at 2,856.110 USD/BIF in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of 2,063.450 USD/BIF for 2022. BI: Official Rate: End of Period: National Currency per USD data is updated yearly, averaging 124.558 USD/BIF from Dec 1950 (Median) to 2023, with 74 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 2,856.110 USD/BIF in 2023 and a record low of 50.000 USD/BIF in 1964. BI: Official Rate: End of Period: National Currency per USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by International Monetary Fund. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Burundi – Table BI.IMF.IFS: Foreign Exchange Rates: Annual.

Japan Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data was reported at 153.691 USD/JPY in Nov 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 151.260 USD/JPY for Oct 2025. Japan Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data is updated monthly, averaging 114.697 USD/JPY from Jan 1987 (Median) to Nov 2025, with 467 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 158.459 USD/JPY in Apr 1990 and a record low of 76.679 USD/JPY in Oct 2011. Japan Official Exchange Rate: Period Average: Local Currency to USD data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Japan – Table JP.World Bank.GEM: Foreign Exchange Rates. Official exchange rate refers to the exchange rate determined by national authorities or to the rate determined in the legally sanctioned exchange market. It is calculated as an annual average based on monthly averages (local currency units relative to the U.S. dollar).

The USD to ruble value lost significant ground after Russia's invasion of Ukraine, reaching a low of 135 rubles in March 2022. This devaluation is also observed in a chart that compares the monthly average of the ruble against both the U.S. dollar and the euro since 2008. A decline started in November 2020 and continued into 2021; no specific reason was given for the timing of this development. Interestingly, the USD/RUB exchange rate reached its highest point earlier in 2020, as one U.S. dollar could buy nearly 80 rubles in March 2020. Values were noticeably different years later, however, as the USD/RUB exchange rate was valued at 80.7 on November 14, 2025.