Key information about Kenya External Debt: % of GDP

• Kenya External Debt accounted for 40.3 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2023, compared with the ratio of 34.6 % in the previous year.
• Kenya External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 2006 to Dec 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 40.3 % in Dec 2023 and a record low of 16.5 % in Dec 2011.

CEIC calculates External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly External Debt and annual Nominal GDP. World Bank provides External Debt in USD. The Kenya National Bureau of Statistics provides Nominal GDP in local currency.


Related information about Kenya External Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of Kenya, Current Account recorded a deficit of 163.0 USD mn in Mar 2024.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 728.7 USD mn in Dec 2023.
• Kenya Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 500.5 USD mn in Dec 2023.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment fell by 153.0 USD mn in Dec 2023.
• The country's External Debt reached 39,766.5 in Jun 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 26.9 USD bn in Sep 2022.

Central government debt, total (% of GDP) in Spain was reported at 107 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Spain - Central government debt, total (% of GDP) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Key information about Ecuador External Debt: % of GDP

• Ecuador External Debt accounted for 48.3 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2023, compared with the ratio of 51.8 % in the previous year.
• Ecuador External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1970 to Dec 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 115.8 % in Dec 1989 and a record low of 18.2 % in Dec 2012.

CEIC calculates External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from monthly External Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. External Debt is calculated as the sum of Public and Private External Debt. The Central Bank of Ecuador provides External Debt in USD and Nominal GDP in USD. External Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2000 is calculated from External Debt sourced from the World Bank and Nominal GDP sourced from the International Monetary Fund.


Related information about Ecuador External Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of Ecuador, Current Account recorded a surplus of 1.5 USD bn in Sep 2024.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 73.6 USD mn in Sep 2024.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment fell by 24.3 USD mn in Sep 2024.
• The country's External Debt reached 58,167.5 in Nov 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 28.9 USD bn in Mar 2023.

Graph and download economic data for Central government debt, total (% of GDP) for the United Kingdom (DEBTTLGBA188A) from 1990 to 2023 about United Kingdom, debt, government, and GDP.

The statistic shows the 20 countries with the lowest national debt in 2023 in relation to the gross domestic product (GDP). The data refer to the debts of the entire state, including the central government, the provinces, municipalities, local authorities and social insurance. In 2023, Russia's estimated level of national debt reached about 19.66 percent of the GDP, ranking 17th of the countries with the lowest national debt. National debt and GDP The debt-to-GDP ratio is an indicator of a country’s ability to produce and sell goods in order to pay back any present debts, however these countries should not retain newer debts in the process. Many economists believe that if a country is able to produce more without impairing its own economical growth, it can be considered more stable, particularly for the future. However, the listed countries, with the exception of Russia and Saudi Arabia, are not necessarily economic first-world powers. Additionally, economically powerful countries such as the United States and France maintain one of the highest debt-to-GDP ratios, signifying that occurring debt does not necessarily damage the state of the economy and is sometimes necessary in order to help develop it. Saudi Arabia has maintained one of the lowest debt-to-GDP ratios due to its high export rates, which primarily consist of petroleum and petroleum goods. Given the significance of oil in today’s world, Saudi Arabia produces enough oil and earns enough revenue to maintain a high GDP and additionally refrain from incurring debt.

Key information about Algeria External Debt: % of GDP

• Algeria External Debt accounted for 1.3 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2023, compared with the ratio of 1.3 % in the previous year.
• Algeria External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1970 to Dec 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 75.1 % in Dec 1995 and a record low of 1.3 % in Dec 2023.

CEIC calculates External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from annual External Debt and annual Nominal GDP. The Bank of Algeria provides External Debt in USD. The National Office of Statistics provides Nominal GDP in local currency based on SNA 2008. The International Monetary Fund average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Seasonally adjusted Nominal GDP is used due to unavailability of unadjusted GDP in annual frequency. Nominal GDP prior to 2001 is based on SNA 1993. External Debt prior to 1994 is sourced from the World Bank.


Related information about Algeria External Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of Algeria, Current Account recorded a deficit of 3.0 USD bn in Dec 2019.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 440.0 USD mn in Dec 2023.
• Algeria Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 83.6 USD mn in Dec 2023.
• The country's External Debt reached 3,838.0 in Dec 2019.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 51.3 USD bn in Dec 2022.

The database used includes annual frequency data for 43 countries, defined by the IMF as 24 advanced countries and 19 emerging countries, for the years 1992-2018.The database contains the fiscal stress variable and a set of variables that can be classified as follows: macroeconomic and global economy (interest rates in the US, OECD; real GDP in the US, y-o-y, OECD; real GDP in China, y-o-y, World Bank; oil price, y-o-y, BP p.l.c.; VIX, CBOE; real GDP, y-o-y, World Bank, OECD, IMF WEO; GDP per capita in PPS, World Bank); financial (nominal USD exchange rate, y-o-y, IMF IFS; private credit to GDP, change in p.p., IMF IFS, World Bank and OECD); fiscal (general government balance, % GDP, IMF WEO; general government debt, % GDP, IMF WEO, effective interest rate on the g.g. debt, IMF WEO); competitiveness and domestic demand (currency overvaluation, IMF WEO; current account balance, % GDP, IMF WEO; share in global exports, y-o-y, World Bank, OECD; gross fixed capital formation, y-o-y, World Bank, OECD; CPI, IMF IFS, IMF WEO; real consumption, y-o-y, World Bank, OECD); labor market (unemployment rate, change in p.p., IMF WEO; labor productivity, y-o-y, ILO).In line with the convention adopted in the literature, the fiscal stress variable is a binary variable equal to 1 in the case of a fiscal stress event and 0 otherwise. In more recent literature in this field, the dependent variable tends to be defined broadly, reflecting not only outright default or debt restructuring, but also less extreme events. Therefore, following Baldacci et al. (2011), the definition used in the present database is broad, and the focus is on signalling fiscal stress events, in contrast to the narrower event of a fiscal crisis related to outright default or debt restructuring. Fiscal problems can take many forms; in particular, some of the outright defaults can be avoided through timely, targeted responses, like support programs of international institutions. The fiscal stress variable is shifted with regard to the other variables: crisis_next_year – binary variable shifted by 1 year, all years of a fiscal stress coded as 1; crisis_next_period – binary variable shifted by 2 years, all years of a fiscal stress coded as 1; crisis_first_year1 – binary variable shifted by 1 year, only the first year of a fiscal stress coded as 1; crisis_first_year2 - binary variable shifted by 2 years, only the first year of a fiscal stress coded as 1.

The World Bank Central Government Debt dataset contains information on the amount of debt owed by central governments in countries around the world. This dataset provides information on the amount of debt owed by central governments.The dataset contains data for more than 130 countries and covers a period of several decades. The data is collected from official government sources, such as national central banks, finance ministries, and debt management offices.

Some potential uses of this dataset include: * Analyzing the relationship between central government debt levels and economic indicators, such as GDP, inflation, and interest rates. * Studying the impact of different types of debt instruments on central government debt levels. * Comparing central government debt levels across different countries and regions. * Forecasting central government debt levels and analyzing the factors that drive changes in debt levels.

Key information about Nepal Government Debt: % of GDP

• Nepal Government debt accounted for 39.9 % of the country's Nominal GDP in Jul 2021, compared with the ratio of 36.8 % in the previous year.
• Nepal government debt to GDP ratio data is updated yearly, available from Jul 1990 to Jul 2021.
• The data reached an all-time high of 66.5 % in Jul 1994 and a record low of 12.8 % in Jul 2018.

CEIC calculates Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP from annual Government Debt and annual Nominal GDP. Government Debt is calculated as the sum of Domestic and External Government Debt. Nepal Rastra Bank provides Government Debt in local currency. The Central Bureau of Statistics provides Nominal GDP in local currency, at producer prices, based on SNA 2008. Government Debt covers Central Government only. Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP is in annual frequency, generally ending on July 15th of each year. Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2011 is calculated from Nominal GDP, based on SNA 1993. Government Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2001 is sourced from the World Bank.


Related information about Nepal Government Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports, Nepal National Government Debt reached 14.5 USD bn in Jul 2021.
• The country's Nominal GDP reached 40.8 USD bn in Jul 2022.

These are research indicators of comparative empirical investigation of South Eastern European Countries (SEECs) and People’s Republic of China (PRC) that were compiled from the criteria and factors of the World Bank. This dataset consists of data for SEECs and PRC for the period of 2000 to 2016. The World Bank Research Indicators consist of (1) GNI, Atlas Method (Current US$); (2) GNI per capita, Atlas; (3) GNI PPP (Current International $); (4) GNI per capita, PPP (Current International $); (5) Energy Use (kg of Oil Equivalent per capita); (6) Electric Power Consumption (kWh per capita); (7) GDP (Current US$); (8) GDP Growth (Annual %); (9) Inflation, GDP Deflator (Annual %); (10) Agriculture, Value Added (% of GDP); (11) Industry, Value Added (% of GDP); (12) Service, etc., Value Added (% of GDP); (13) Exports of Goods and Services (% of GDP); (14) Imports of Goods and Services (% of GDP); (15) Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP); (16) Revenue, excluding Grants (% of GDP); (17) Time Required to Start a Business (Days); (18) Domestic Credit Provided by Financial Sector (% of GDP); (19) Tax Revenue (% of GDP); (20) High-Technology Exports (% of Manufactured Exports); (21) Merchandise Trade (% of GDP); (22) Net Barter Terms of Trade Index (2000 = 100); (23) External Debt Stock, Total (DOD, Current US$); (24) Total Debt Service (% of Exports of Goods, Services and Primary Income); (25) Personal Remittances, Received (Current US$); (26) Foreign Direct Investment, Net Flows (BoP, Current US$); and (27) Net Official Development Assistance and Official Aid Received (Current US$). Furthermore, statistical data of SEECs and PRC were retrieved from Atlas 2.1 – Growth Lab at the Center for International Development at Harvard University and WITS – UNSD COMPTRADE.

Key information about Zambia External Debt: % of GDP

• Zambia External Debt accounted for 84.2 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2023, compared with the ratio of 79.6 % in the previous year.
• Zambia External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 2011 to Dec 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 87.0 % in Dec 2019 and a record low of 3.6 % in Dec 2012.

CEIC calculates External Debt as % of GDP from quarterly External Debt and annual Nominal GDP. World Bank provides External Debt in USD. Zambia Statistics Agency provides Nominal GDP in local currency. Bank of Zambia average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions.


Related information about Zambia External Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of Zambia, Current Account recorded a deficit of 231.2 USD mn in Dec 2023.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 27.0 USD mn in Dec 2023.
• Zambia Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 39.9 USD mn in Dec 2023.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment fell by 85.4 USD mn in Dec 2023.
• The country's External Debt reached 23,790.0 in Mar 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 28.2 USD bn in Dec 2023.

Key information about Morocco External Debt: % of GDP

• Morocco External Debt accounted for 50.9 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2022, compared with the ratio of 47.3 % in the previous year.
• Morocco External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1970 to Dec 2022.
• The data reached an all-time high of 124.8 % in Dec 1985 and a record low of 19.7 % in Dec 1974.

CEIC calculates External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly External Debt and annual Nominal GDP. The Ministry of Economy and Finance provides External Debt in local currency. High Commission for Planning provides Nominal GDP in local currency based on SNA 2008. External Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2007 is calculated from External Debt sourced from the World Bank and Nominal GDP based on SNA 1993.


Related information about Morocco External Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of Morocco, Current Account recorded a deficit of 811.5 USD mn in Sep 2024.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 636.9 USD mn in Sep 2024.
• Morocco Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 170.3 USD mn in Sep 2024.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment fell by 155.9 USD mn in Sep 2024.
• The country's External Debt reached 64,781.6 in Dec 2022.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 33.8 USD bn in Mar 2023.

Graph and download economic data for Central government debt, total (% of GDP) for Ireland (DEBTTLIEA188A) from 1998 to 2022 about Ireland, debt, government, and GDP.

Because of its difficult starting position in transitioning to a market economy, so far macroeconomic policy in Serbia has mainly been concerned with achieving stability. At the start of its transition in 2001, Serbia was practically bankrupt, burdened with old overdue debt and huge arrears in budgetary payments, especially pensions. At the end of 2000, public debt was 175 percent of GDP and external debt was 128 percent. In both 2000 and 2001, inflation was over 80 percent. High inflation and external imbalances were the main concerns all the way through the global financial crisis (GFC). The GFC (as well as external shocks) brought multiple recessions between 2009 and 2014, and a major widening of the fiscal deficit. Since 2014, the focus has been on consolidating public finances, in addition to keeping inflation low. While macroeconomic stability is a necessary precondition for growth, the question is whether Serbia can do more to create a pro-growth environment. Serbia has succeeded in keeping inflation low over recent years; the current account deficit (CAD) is now low enough to be manageable and is almost entirely financed by non-debt-creating flows; large fiscal deficits have been converted to a surplus; and public debt is heading downward. However, growth is still meager. To ensure that the Serbian economy grows more quickly, the focus should be on increasing investment—both private and public.

Dominican Republic DO: Gross Public Debt: % of GDP: General Government: Debt Securities data was reported at 28.481 % in Dec 2017. This records a decrease from the previous number of 28.628 % for Sep 2017. Dominican Republic DO: Gross Public Debt: % of GDP: General Government: Debt Securities data is updated quarterly, averaging 17.782 % from Mar 2011 (Median) to Dec 2017, with 28 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 28.860 % in Jun 2017 and a record low of 9.717 % in Jun 2011. Dominican Republic DO: Gross Public Debt: % of GDP: General Government: Debt Securities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Dominican Republic – Table DO.World Bank: QPSD: Gross Public Debt: % of GDP: General Government.

United Kingdom UK: Central Government Debt: Total: % of GDP data was reported at 116.856 % in 2016. This records an increase from the previous number of 106.728 % for 2015. United Kingdom UK: Central Government Debt: Total: % of GDP data is updated yearly, averaging 44.132 % from Dec 1990 (Median) to 2016, with 27 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 116.856 % in 2016 and a record low of 29.195 % in 1991. United Kingdom UK: Central Government Debt: Total: % of GDP data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United Kingdom – Table UK.World Bank.WDI: Government Revenue, Expenditure and Finance. Debt is the entire stock of direct government fixed-term contractual obligations to others outstanding on a particular date. It includes domestic and foreign liabilities such as currency and money deposits, securities other than shares, and loans. It is the gross amount of government liabilities reduced by the amount of equity and financial derivatives held by the government. Because debt is a stock rather than a flow, it is measured as of a given date, usually the last day of the fiscal year.; ; International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data files, and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.; Weighted average;

Key information about Panama External Debt: Short Term: % of GDP

• Panama External Debt: Short Term accounted for 59.0 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2021, compared with the ratio of 62.5 % in the previous year.
• Panama External Debt: Short Term: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from 1970 to 2021.
• The data reached an all-time high of 104.1 % in 2008 and a record low of 0.0 % in 2007.

CEIC calculates Short Term External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly Short Term External Debt and annual Nominal GDP. The World Bank provides Short Term External Debt in USD. The National Institute of Statistics and Census provides Nominal GDP in local currency based on benchmark year 2018. The International Monetary Fund average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. Short Term External Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2018 is calculated from Nominal GDP based on SNA 2008. Short Term External Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2014 is sourced from the World Bank.


Related information about Panama External Debt: Short Term: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of Panama, Current Account recorded a surplus of 824.1 USD mn in Sep 2024.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 726.8 USD mn in Sep 2024.
• Panama Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 52.0 USD mn in Sep 2024.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment fell by 361.6 USD mn in Sep 2024.
• Panama External Debt: Short Term value stood at 39.8 USD bn in Dec 2021.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 18.1 USD bn in Sep 2022.

Graph and download economic data for Central government debt, total (% of GDP) for Malaysia (DEBTTLMYA188A) from 1990 to 2023 about Malaysia, debt, government, and GDP.

The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in World was worth 111326.37 billion US dollars in 2024, according to official data from the World Bank. This dataset includes a chart with historical data for World GDP.

Key information about Albania External Debt: % of GDP

• Albania External Debt accounted for 45.9 % of the country's Nominal GDP in 2023, compared with the ratio of 53.8 % in the previous year.
• Albania External Debt: % of Nominal GDP data is updated yearly, available from Dec 1991 to Dec 2023.
• The data reached an all-time high of 97.0 % in Dec 1992 and a record low of 15.4 % in Dec 1996.

CEIC calculates External Debt as % of Nominal GDP from quarterly External Debt and quarterly Nominal GDP. The Bank of Albania provides External Debt in EUR based on BPM6. Тhе Institute of Statistics provides Nominal GDP in local currency based on ESA 2010. The Bank of Albania average market exchange rate is used for currency conversions. External Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2008 is calculated from External Debt based on BPM5 and Nominal GDP based on ESA 1995. External Debt as % of Nominal GDP prior to 2003 is calculated from External Debt and Nominal GDP, both sourced from the World Bank.


Related information about Albania External Debt: % of GDP

• In the latest reports of Albania, Current Account recorded a deficit of 145.1 USD mn in Mar 2023.
• Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) increased by 452.1 USD mn in Sep 2024.
• Albania Direct Investment Abroad expanded by 63.2 USD mn in Sep 2024.
• Its Foreign Portfolio Investment fell by 22.3 USD mn in Sep 2024.
• The country's External Debt reached 11,148.0 in Sep 2024.
• The country's Nominal GDP was reported at 1.0 USD bn in Mar 2023.