According to estimates, President Trump's proposals to impose universal tariffs as well as tariffs on Chinese, Canadian, and Mexican imports would considerably increase the average tariff rate. If Trump's proposals go into effect, it is estimated that the average tariff rate of all imports would almost triple, marking the highest rate in the United States since 1969.

President Trump's proposals to impose universal tariffs as well as tariffs on Chinese, Canadian, and Mexican imports would considerably increase the average tariff rate. It's estimated that, if put into effect, the average tariff rate including dutiable imports would reach almost 18 percent, up from two percent in 2024. Tariff rates are higher when dutiable imports are included because they refer only to goods that are actually subject to tariffs, rather than all imports. This skews the average tariff rate upward because it excludes duty-free goods. Trump's proposal for a universal 10 percent tariff on all imports would impose a flat tax on all imports, rather than just dutiable goods. This would result in a sharp increase in the overall tariff burden because previously duty-free goods would be taxed.

Current tariff rates applied to imports entering the United States, organized by country of origin

As of August 2025, the United States reissued new tariffs for the Middle East and North African region. Initially on April 9, 2025, the United States levied a revised baseline of ** percent on all goods imported from countries of the Middle East and North Africa. The current tariff from August 7, is closer based on the initial tariff calculation of April 3, the rates of imported goods would have varied by country in the region, with Syria and Iraq at ** and ** percent, respectively. Tariffs and their effects he intertwined nature of global trade and supply chains implies that the shockwaves of significant policy changes and economic turbulences spread more easily across countries. This was illustrated in the effects of new United States tariffs on Arab countries, where projections show a *** percent decrease in investments in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Meanwhile, the impact of these tariffs on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) imports forecast a ** percent decrease in imports from the United States to the Arab region. Middle East-United States trade relations The nature of trade relationships between the United States and the Middle East is often influenced by geopolitical and security realities, with Israel, UAE, and Saudi Arabia being the leading bilateral trading partners. A particularly strong trade relationship exists between the GCC countries and the United States, evident in the value of exports from the former to the latter. On the other hand, the value of exports from the broader Arab region to the United States fell considerably in the last decade, largely due to petroleum and oil revenue decrease.

Bangladesh BD: Tariff Rate: Applied: Weighted Mean: Manufactured Products data was reported at 12.940 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 13.340 % for 2021. Bangladesh BD: Tariff Rate: Applied: Weighted Mean: Manufactured Products data is updated yearly, averaging 14.030 % from Dec 1989 (Median) to 2022, with 24 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 112.120 % in 1989 and a record low of 8.700 % in 2008. Bangladesh BD: Tariff Rate: Applied: Weighted Mean: Manufactured Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Bangladesh – Table BD.World Bank.WDI: Trade Tariffs. Weighted mean applied tariff is the average of effectively applied rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups and import weights. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of weighted mean tariffs. Import weights were calculated using the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.;World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on tariff data from the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database and global imports data from the United Nations Statistics Division's Comtrade database.;;The tariff data for the European Union (EU) apply to EU Member States in alignment with the EU membership for the respective countries/economies and years. In the context of the tariff data, the EU membership for a given country/economy and year is defined for the entire year during which the country/economy was a member of the EU (irrespective of the date of accession to or withdrawal from the EU within a given year). The tariff data for the EU are, thus, applicable to Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands (EU Member State(s) since 1958), Denmark and Ireland (EU Member State(s) since 1973), the United Kingdom (EU Member State(s) from 1973 until 2020), Greece (EU Member State(s) since 1981), Spain and Portugal (EU Member State(s) since 1986), Austria, Finland, and Sweden (EU Member State(s) since 1995), Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia (EU Member State(s) since 2004), Romania and Bulgaria (EU Member State(s) since 2007), Croatia (EU Member State(s) since 2013). For more information, please revisit the technical note on bilateral applied tariff (https://wits.worldbank.org/Bilateral-Tariff-Technical-Note.html).

Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products (%) in European Union was reported at 1.33 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. European Union - Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Cyprus CY: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: All Products data was reported at 1.950 % in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2.240 % for 2021. Cyprus CY: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: All Products data is updated yearly, averaging 2.595 % from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2022, with 26 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 14.000 % in 1996 and a record low of 1.710 % in 2020. Cyprus CY: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: All Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Cyprus – Table CY.World Bank.WDI: Trade Tariffs. Simple mean applied tariff is the unweighted average of effectively applied rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of simple mean tariffs.;World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database.;;The tariff data for the European Union (EU) apply to EU Member States in alignment with the EU membership for the respective countries/economies and years. In the context of the tariff data, the EU membership for a given country/economy and year is defined for the entire year during which the country/economy was a member of the EU (irrespective of the date of accession to or withdrawal from the EU within a given year). The tariff data for the EU are, thus, applicable to Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands (EU Member State(s) since 1958), Denmark and Ireland (EU Member State(s) since 1973), the United Kingdom (EU Member State(s) from 1973 until 2020), Greece (EU Member State(s) since 1981), Spain and Portugal (EU Member State(s) since 1986), Austria, Finland, and Sweden (EU Member State(s) since 1995), Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia (EU Member State(s) since 2004), Romania and Bulgaria (EU Member State(s) since 2007), Croatia (EU Member State(s) since 2013). For more information, please revisit the technical note on bilateral applied tariff (https://wits.worldbank.org/Bilateral-Tariff-Technical-Note.html).

Graph and download economic data for Federal government current tax receipts: Taxes on production and imports: Customs duties (B235RC1Q027SBEA) from Q1 1959 to Q2 2025 about receipts, imports, tax, federal, production, government, GDP, and USA.

Tariffs have long been central tool in global trade policy. Learn how tariffs affect critical US industries, and how businesses are navigating their impacts.

Australia Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: All Products data was reported at 2.010 % in 2022. This records an increase from the previous number of 1.930 % for 2021. Australia Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: All Products data is updated yearly, averaging 3.910 % from Dec 1991 (Median) to 2022, with 29 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 20.100 % in 1991 and a record low of 1.930 % in 2021. Australia Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: All Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Australia – Table AU.World Bank.WDI: Trade Tariffs. Simple mean applied tariff is the unweighted average of effectively applied rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of simple mean tariffs.;World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database.;;The tariff data for the European Union (EU) apply to EU Member States in alignment with the EU membership for the respective countries/economies and years. In the context of the tariff data, the EU membership for a given country/economy and year is defined for the entire year during which the country/economy was a member of the EU (irrespective of the date of accession to or withdrawal from the EU within a given year). The tariff data for the EU are, thus, applicable to Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands (EU Member State(s) since 1958), Denmark and Ireland (EU Member State(s) since 1973), the United Kingdom (EU Member State(s) from 1973 until 2020), Greece (EU Member State(s) since 1981), Spain and Portugal (EU Member State(s) since 1986), Austria, Finland, and Sweden (EU Member State(s) since 1995), Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia (EU Member State(s) since 2004), Romania and Bulgaria (EU Member State(s) since 2007), Croatia (EU Member State(s) since 2013). For more information, please revisit the technical note on bilateral applied tariff (https://wits.worldbank.org/Bilateral-Tariff-Technical-Note.html).

Access official WTO tariff and trade data for over 170 economies. Compare tariffs, imports, exports, and access downloadable data.

Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, all products (%) in China was reported at 7.42 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, all products - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on September of 2025.

Global Bulk Carrier Ships market size was $374.24 Billion in 2022 and it is forecasted to reach $412.36 Billion by 2030. Bulk Carrier Ships Industry's Compound Annual Growth Rate will be 4.4% from 2023 to 2030. Factors Impacting on Bulk Carrier Ships Market

Rise in international trading

Trading and transportation across the borders have dramatically increased over the past few decades. Moreover, recent couple of decades have seen mounted growth in world economy. This trade growth is an ultimate result of both technological advancements and reduction in trade barriers. Almost every country is aggressively promoting economic development which is driving world trade to significantly grow every year with an average growth of 6%. International trade allows countries to expand their markets by providing goods and services to other countries. It thus allows countries to extend their markets and get access to items and services that are otherwise be unavailable in their home country. International commerce also leads to the increasing competitiveness. This integration thus helps in raising living standards across the world. Import, export, and entrepot activities are used in international trade. Currently, technological innovation, increased need for a variety of items, and rising desire for authentic products are all driving up international commercial activity. Bulk carrier ships play vital role in supply chain by carrying cargo across oceans linking borders across the globe. It is one of the most cost-effective ways to transfer large amounts of commodities throughout the world. Shipping and seaborne trade have enabled the transition from a world of separated territories to a globally linked community. Hence surging international trade drives the growth of bulk carrier’s market across the globe.

Restraining Factor of Bulk Carrier Ships market

Volatility in transportation cost and tensions in trade across borders may hamper the growth of market Volatility in the prices of fuels impacts pricing of the goods. Further, in case of global rise in the tariffs, high import prices hamper firm's production costs as well as purchasing power of customers. Further, stringent regulations, such as tracking orders, meeting promised timeline, determining liabilities, etc. associated with shipping goods across borders may hinder the growth of market. Moreover, unstable political parameters of any particular country also hamper the cargo shipping market. For instance, Russia-Ukraine war has impacted the shipping industry owing to the rise in the oil prices. Furthermore, ongoing U.S.-China tariff stand-off is also threatening trading across the borders. Hence, geopolitical crisis somehow hinders the growth of bulk carriers ships market.

Current Trends on Bulk Carrier Ships

Technological Improvement

Demand for coal, ores and cement has increased owing to the liberalization in global trade. This demand will keep on increasing and to meet the growing demand, developments have been made to offer solutions that can enable reduction in the transportation cost. Moreover, rise in the environment concern is aiming to reduce the impact of CO2 emissions from ships on marine culture by reducing the fuel consumption. Hence, new regulations have made in designing smaller ship size bulk carrier ship with engines meeting the demand for lower rpm in order to obtain an optimum ship design with highly efficient large propellers.

What is the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Bulk Carrier Ships Market?

Advent of COVID-19 in year 2020 has plunged international trade due to the reduction in production and distribution of goods. Initial period of pandemic has resulted in the double-digit decline of revenue from bulk carrier ship market. However, the second half of pandemic global trade started recovering at relatively faster pace facilitating a V-shaped graph. What are Bulk Carrier Ships?

Carrier ships are the integral link between the production and its consumption all across the globe. It thus plays very crucial part in connecting global economy. It has been estimated that almost 80% of global goods gets transported across oceans via ships. Though air freight is less time consuming, but the cost associated with it is too high in comparison to carrier ships. Further, carrier shipping allows heavy loads, as well as hazardous materials which brings flexibility in tra...

Goal 10Reduce inequality within and among countriesTarget 10.1: By 2030, progressively achieve and sustain income growth of the bottom 40 per cent of the population at a rate higher than the national averageIndicator 10.1.1: Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita among the bottom 40 per cent of the population and the total populationSI_HEI_TOTL: Growth rates of household expenditure or income per capita (%)Target 10.2: By 2030, empower and promote the social, economic and political inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, disability, race, ethnicity, origin, religion or economic or other statusIndicator 10.2.1: Proportion of people living below 50 per cent of median income, by sex, age and persons with disabilitiesSI_POV_50MI: Proportion of people living below 50 percent of median income (%)Target 10.3: Ensure equal opportunity and reduce inequalities of outcome, including by eliminating discriminatory laws, policies and practices and promoting appropriate legislation, policies and action in this regardIndicator 10.3.1: Proportion of population reporting having personally felt discriminated against or harassed in the previous 12 months on the basis of a ground of discrimination prohibited under international human rights lawVC_VOV_GDSD: Proportion of population reporting having felt discriminated against, by grounds of discrimination, sex and disability (%)Target 10.4: Adopt policies, especially fiscal, wage and social protection policies, and progressively achieve greater equalityIndicator 10.4.1: Labour share of GDPSL_EMP_GTOTL: Labour share of GDP (%)Indicator 10.4.2: Redistributive impact of fiscal policySI_DST_FISP: Redistributive impact of fiscal policy, Gini index (%)Target 10.5: Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulationsIndicator 10.5.1: Financial Soundness IndicatorsFI_FSI_FSANL: Non-performing loans to total gross loans (%)FI_FSI_FSERA: Return on assets (%)FI_FSI_FSKA: Regulatory capital to assets (%)FI_FSI_FSKNL: Non-performing loans net of provisions to capital (%)FI_FSI_FSKRTC: Regulatory Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets (%)FI_FSI_FSLS: Liquid assets to short term liabilities (%)FI_FSI_FSSNO: Net open position in foreign exchange to capital (%)Target 10.6: Ensure enhanced representation and voice for developing countries in decision-making in global international economic and financial institutions in order to deliver more effective, credible, accountable and legitimate institutionsIndicator 10.6.1: Proportion of members and voting rights of developing countries in international organizationsSG_INT_MBRDEV: Proportion of members of developing countries in international organizations, by organization (%)SG_INT_VRTDEV: Proportion of voting rights of developing countries in international organizations, by organization (%)Target 10.7: Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, including through the implementation of planned and well-managed migration policiesIndicator 10.7.1: Recruitment cost borne by employee as a proportion of monthly income earned in country of destinationIndicator 10.7.2: Number of countries with migration policies that facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of peopleSG_CPA_MIGRP: Proportion of countries with migration policies to facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, by policy domain (%)SG_CPA_MIGRS: Countries with migration policies to facilitate orderly, safe, regular and responsible migration and mobility of people, by policy domain (1 = Requires further progress; 2 = Partially meets; 3 = Meets; 4 = Fully meets)Indicator 10.7.3: Number of people who died or disappeared in the process of migration towards an international destinationiSM_DTH_MIGR: Total deaths and disappearances recorded during migration (number)Indicator 10.7.4: Proportion of the population who are refugees, by country of originSM_POP_REFG_OR: Number of refugees per 100,000 population, by country of origin (per 100,000 population)Target 10.a: Implement the principle of special and differential treatment for developing countries, in particular least developed countries, in accordance with World Trade Organization agreementsIndicator 10.a.1: Proportion of tariff lines applied to imports from least developed countries and developing countries with zero-tariffTM_TRF_ZERO: Proportion of tariff lines applied to imports with zero-tariff (%)Target 10.b: Encourage official development assistance and financial flows, including foreign direct investment, to States where the need is greatest, in particular least developed countries, African countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, in accordance with their national plans and programmesIndicator 10.b.1: Total resource flows for development, by recipient and donor countries and type of flow (e.g. official development assistance, foreign direct investment and other flows)DC_TRF_TOTDL: Total assistance for development, by donor countries (millions of current United States dollars)DC_TRF_TOTL: Total assistance for development, by recipient countries (millions of current United States dollars)DC_TRF_TFDV: Total resource flows for development, by recipient and donor countries (millions of current United States dollars)Target 10.c: By 2030, reduce to less than 3 per cent the transaction costs of migrant remittances and eliminate remittance corridors with costs higher than 5 per centIndicator 10.c.1: Remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remittedSI_RMT_COST: Remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remitted (%)SI_RMT_COST_BC: Corridor remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remitted (%)SI_RMT_COST_SC: SmaRT corridor remittance costs as a proportion of the amount remitted (%)

Introduction

The Global Healthcare Navigation Platform Market is projected to reach a value of approximately US$ 22.9 billion by 2033, growing from US$ 10.2 billion in 2023. This growth is expected to occur at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.4% during the forecast period from 2024 to 2033. North America currently holds a dominant market share, accounting for over 40.9% of the total market, with a valuation of US$ 4.2 billion in 2023. This growth can be attributed to several key factors that are reshaping healthcare delivery systems worldwide.

A major driver of growth in the healthcare navigation platform sector is the integration of digital health systems. These platforms enable the seamless exchange of data across different healthcare applications, enhancing the overall efficiency of healthcare services. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), the adoption of interoperable digital health systems enables more effective decision-making and improves patient care. This shift towards digital integration helps in providing more personalized and efficient healthcare services, driving the demand for navigation platforms globally.

Government initiatives and policy support have also played a significant role in the market’s growth. Many countries are introducing policies to develop and implement digital health infrastructures. These include frameworks like the WHO's Digital Health Platform Handbook, which provides essential guidelines for creating interoperable digital health systems. These initiatives foster the development of healthcare navigation platforms by ensuring a supportive regulatory environment, which is crucial for their widespread adoption and growth across regions.

Another factor contributing to the growth of the healthcare navigation platform sector is its economic potential. The digital health industry is a key driver of economic growth, generating employment opportunities and contributing to income generation. The WHO's Regional Action Framework on Digital Health in the Western Pacific highlights the industry’s role in boosting economic development. This economic impact encourages continued investments in the sector, driving further innovation and the development of new healthcare navigation solutions.

Advancements in health data management are also instrumental in the sector's expansion. The increasing volume of healthcare data and the ability to analyze it effectively have led to more informed decision-making in healthcare settings. Digital health platforms that facilitate efficient health data management are crucial for improving patient outcomes. According to the WHO, the management and analysis of health data are central to the success of digital health systems, including healthcare navigation platforms, as they provide actionable insights that enhance patient care quality and overall system efficiency.

The healthcare navigation platform market’s growth is supported by the integration of digital health systems, government support, economic benefits, and advancements in health data management. These factors collectively drive the market's expansion and shape the future of healthcare delivery worldwide.

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US Tariff Impact on the Healthcare Navigation Platform Market

The recent U.S. tariffs have created significant challenges for the healthcare navigation platform market. These tariffs primarily affect imports from various countries, resulting in higher costs and supply chain disruptions. Healthcare providers, which depend on imports for pharmaceuticals and medical devices, are seeing increased production costs. This has placed additional financial pressure on healthcare companies, impacting their ability to manage budgets effectively. As a result, costs are expected to rise by up to 15% for hospitals and health systems in the coming months.

For healthcare navigation platforms, which rely on timely access to medical data and services, these tariffs add complexity. The increased cost of imports and potential delays in obtaining key technologies may disrupt the development and delivery of navigation solutions. This disruption could affect how efficiently healthcare navigation platforms operate, particularly in managing patient journeys and enhancing access to care. Companies may face challenges in maintaining service quality and improving patient outcomes due to these delays.

Additionally, the tariffs are affecting investment in healthcare technologies. With increased operational costs, many companies may be forced to redirect resources from innovation efforts to address tariff-induced financial pressures. This could slow the progress of new features and services in healthcare navigation platforms, making it harder for them to stay competitive. Companies might also delay or scale back expansion plans due to uncertainty in the market.

To mitigate these challenges, healthcare companies are exploring alternative strategies, such as diversifying their supply chains. Some are seeking suppliers in countries not affected by tariffs or increasing domestic production. These measures, however, require careful planning and significant resources. As companies adjust to the tariff environment, the key to sustaining growth in healthcare navigation platforms will be adapting to the new cost structure and maintaining innovation.

The sporting goods manufacturing industry has benefitted from rising health consciousness over the past decade, which spurred an uptick in sports participation, driving demand. However, inflationary pressures plagued the industry in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak, resulting in people cutting discretionary spending. Revenue is expected to grow at a compound annual rate of 2.6% over the five years through 2025 to €10.8 billion, including an estimated jump of 1.8% in 2025. Profit is also expected to edge upwards to 12.2% in 2025 as higher interest rates cool inflation and ease input cost pressures. Following the COVID-19 outbreak, pent-up demand and supply chain disruptions incited inflationary pressures, ratcheting up living costs. This resulted in many people’s real household disposable income’s plummeting, forcing them to cut discretionary spending on goods like sporting equipment. Despite central banks across Europe raising interest rates to curb rising prices, inflation persisted in the two years through 2023, hurting demand. However, rising sport participation and health consciousness have supported revenue in recent years, driven by effective government initiatives. This includes the Erasmus+ Sport programme, which supports grassroots sports projects across Europe. According to a 2022 survey from the European Commission, Finland tops the list of countries most likely to exercise at least once a week, at 71% of respondents. Import competition has impacted the industry with consumers opting for cheaper alternatives from low-cost production countries amid the cost-of-living crisis. This forced manufacturers to focus their efforts on premium, performance-focused gear, maintaining revenue growth. Revenue is forecast to swell at a compound annual rate of 5.8% over the five years through 2030 to €14.3 billion. Sporting goods manufacturing will welcome declining costs as inflationary pressures subside in the short term. However, uncertainty surrounding Trump’s tariffs policies will hamper GDP growth due to businesses delaying investment projects which would have potentially aided demand for sports goods manufacturers. This will force manufacturers to diversify into faster-growing or tariff-free markets like Asia. Sport participation will continue to rise, supported by robust funding towards promoting exercise as governments seek to slow down rising obesity across Europe. Yet, countries like France facing budget pressures have slashed funding aimed at promoting sports, hindering demand for sports goods manufacturers.

International trade is an increasingly important component of the European economy. Since its early foundations were laid by the European Coal & Steel Community (ECSC) founded in 1951, trade between European member states has been at the core of the European project. International trade, that is, trade which the European Union does externally with countries who are not member states, has become a greater focus of the bloc in recent years, as the EU attempts to increase the global reach of its companies, while reaping the benefits of cheaper imports. The EU has put particular importance on reaching trade agreements with partners outside the union, as this removes trade barriers such as tariffs, quotas, as well as non-tariff barriers (such as regulations, licenses, and sanctions) which hamper trade activity. EU Trade Deals Recent trade agreements include the Comprehensive Economic & Trade Agreement with Canada (while not ratified by the member states' parliaments, it had been effectively in force since 2017) and the Japan-EU Economic partnership agreement, in force since 2019. The most significant regions which the EU has not concluded free trade agreements with are the United States, Russia, and China. The Transatlantic Trade & Investment Partnership (TTIP) between the U.S. and EU broke down at the negotiation stage, with powerful economic & political actors on the European side, such as trade unions, opposing the deal from the beginning, while the election of Donald Trump as President of the U.S. effectively ended any hopes of the deal being completed due to his "America First" trade policies. With the increasing geopolitical and economic competition between the U.S. and China, the EU now finds itself caught between the two superpowers, and is unlikely to be able to conclude a trade agreement with either without antagonizing the other country. EU trade with Russia, on the other hand, has broken down in light of Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 and the subsequent sanctions imposed by the European member states.

The size of the HTS Market was valued at USD XX Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD XXX Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 7.80% during the forecast period. HTS refers to the Harmonized Tariff Schedule, a standardized numeric system to identify categories for the purpose of international trade. Quite simply, it is the global dictionary of products-it assigns a unique code to every item for what it is and for what it will be used. As such, this system plays an important role in many facets of international trade: First, HTS makes the customs clearing process easy. The standardized classification system that is used by the customs officer makes it fast to identify and calculate the right tariffs and import duties for each imported good entering a country. This reduces paperwork, delays, and the cost of administrative processes, making trading easier. More importantly, HTS allows for simple and accurate statistics of trade. For instance, product classification will help the governments know about the import and export volume and value, trace the pattern of trade, identify areas of potential growth or concern, and prepare advisable advice to policymakers to make informed decisions on trade agreements, tariffs, and economic development. The third relationship of HTS with negotiation trade: since HTS provides a common language in the description of products, countries can then negotiate and come to an agreement regarding their trade deals in a clear consensus. It thereby avoids the misunderstandings and disputes often occurring in the classification of commodities and leads to smoother and more productive negotiations in trade. In a nutshell, HTS is in relation to all activities concerning international trade- standardization systems for the classification of goods, simplifying customs clearance procedures, providing accurate statistics on trade, and making trade negotiations simpler. Its use will be a necessity in the proper and efficient workings of international trade. Recent developments include: In August 2022, Molbio Diagnostics launched a new test for differential diagnosis of HIV 1 and HIV 2 with viral loads within 60 minutes., In July 2022, Evotech Technologies launched the cell analyzer 'Opera' for fast high-content analysis of drug activity with sub-cellular resolution., In February 2022, Bruker Corporation launched the timsTOF MALDI PharmaPulse (timsTOF MPP) system, a groundbreaking new high-end solution for unbiased, deep HTS and uHTS based on label-free mass spectrometry.. Key drivers for this market are: Open Access to High-throughput Screening Laboratories, Technological Advancements in HTS; Increasing Usage in Universities and Research Centers. Potential restraints include: High Capital Investment, Need for Extensive Automation Techniques. Notable trends are: Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Firms Segment Expects to Register a High CAGR Over the Forecast Period.

The global fuel energy price index stood at 165.09 index points in July 2025, up from 100 in the base year 2016. Figures decreased that month due to a fall in natural gas prices. The fuel energy index includes prices for crude oil, natural gas, coal, and propane. Supply constraints across multiple commodities The global natural gas price index surged nearly 11-fold, and the global coal price index rose almost seven-fold from summer 2020 to summer 2022. This notable escalation was largely attributed to the Russia-Ukraine war, exerting increased pressure on the global supply chain. Tariffs bring economic uncertainty With the global economy having adjusted to the effects of the Russia-Ukraine war, new uncertainty has emerged due to tariffs imposed by the Trump administration. If these tariffs are fully implemented, global trade could be significantly disrupted, mainly the bilateral trade between the world’s two largest economies. In 2025, import tariffs between China and the United States exceeded 130 percent on both sides, while their tariffs on imports from the rest of the world were around 10 percent. U.S. tariffs on Chinese imported goods reached a high of 134.7 percent in April of that year, while China imposed a 147.6 percent tariff on U.S. goods. Early estimates indicate that the impact of Trump’s proposed tariffs on the U.S. economy could amount to 0.4 percent of GDP, mainly driven by the reduced trade with Mexico, Canada and China.

(UNCLASSIFIED) Despite significant progress, Liberia still lags in promoting the effective rule of law. The judicial system remains vulnerable to political interference, and property rights are not strongly protected. Lingering corruption further undermines freedom and hampers the emergence of more vibrant economic activity.Liberia has benefited from over USD 16 billion in FDI commitments since the end of the war in iron ore, forestry, rubber and palm oil. The government is promoting increased local business linkages with these global value chains in order to increase the capacity and value added of the local private sector while also increasing employment and the skills base. However, the capacity of the local private sector currently limits participation, while it is also bound by severe infrastructure constraints. Investment to address infrastructure bottlenecks is moving forward. The business environment, which is being supported by increased dialogue with stakeholders and improved information sharing, will also need further enhancement.Liberia’s average tariff rate is 10.4 percent. The government restricts foreign investment in several sectors. The financial sector remains vulnerable to political influence and institutional instability. The scarce access to financing continues to impede much-needed entrepreneurial activity and private-sector development. The financial sector is dominated by banking, but a large part of the population remains outside of the formal banking sector. Attribute Table Field DescriptionsISO3 - International Organization for Standardization 3-digit country code ADM0_NAME - Administration level zero identification / name ADM1_NAME - Administration level one identification/name ADM2_NAME - Administration level two identification / name NAME - Name of foreign investment project SECTOR - Sector of foreign investment project DESCRIP - Description of foreign investment project LEND_INSTR - Lending Instrument CITY - City location VALUE - Value of foreign investment in millions APP_DATE - Date application was approved APP_YEAR - Year application was approved SPA_ACC - Spatial accuracy of site location (1 – high, 2 – medium, 3 – low, 4 – regional, 5 – country) SOURCE_DT - Primary source creation date SOURCE - Primary source SOURCE2_DT - Secondary source creation date SOURCE2 - Secondary source CollectionThe feature class was generated utilizing data from the UNDP, AFDB, and The World Bank.The data included herein have not been derived from a registered survey and should be considered approximate unless otherwise defined. While rigorous steps have been taken to ensure the quality of each dataset, DigitalGlobe is not responsible for the accuracy and completeness of data compiled from outside sources.Sources (HGIS)The Heritage Foundation. “Liberia Economy.” Index of Economic Freedom. 2014. Accessed September 29, 2014. http://www.heritage.org.The World Bank. “Liberia.” The World Bank. 2014. Accessed September 29, 2014. http://www.worldbank.org.Sources (Metadata)Hettinger, O.; Kilo, M.; Perrault, F. “Liberia Country Strategy Paper 2013-2017.” African Development Bank Group. June 2013. Accessed September 29, 2014. http://www.afdb.org.The Heritage Foundation. “Liberia Economy.” Index of Economic Freedom. 2014. Accessed September 29, 2014. http://www.heritage.org.Hettinger, P.; James, J. “Liberia 2014.” African Economic Outlook. 2014. Accessed September 29, 2014. http://www.africaneconomicoutlook.org.The World Bank. “Liberia.” The World Bank. 2014. Accessed September 29, 2014. http://www.worldbank.org.