United States - Government current expenditures: State and local: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Other was -0.60800 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Government current expenditures: State and local: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Other reached a record high of 0.32000 in January of 2004 and a record low of -0.60800 in January of 2023. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Government current expenditures: State and local: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Other - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

•GLA Economics has produced long-run projections of London’s employment since 2002. These projections are trend based and set out the long run path of employment considered most likely based on the historic data available at the time of construction. These are used within the GLA for planning to provide capacity to accommodate the longer-terms needs of the London economy. Given their importance to GLA policy planning, this note looks at how the GLA Economics’ employment projections have performed since 2002 and how this compares to projections from some other respected organisations. •Although GLA Economics’ employment projections are consistently below outturn, much of this is the result of upward revisions to historic employment data (which underpin the projections model). Further, the projections perform relatively well when looking at the projected annual growth rate and average annual error in relation to outturn, with the accuracy of the projections generally improving the longer the time period over which the estimates are analysed. •The revisions to historic employment data also drive much of the variability in the GLA Economics’ employment projections numbers over time. However, and by design, the revised projections are relatively consistent over time and average revisions between iterations in GLA Economics employment projections are relatively small.

Abstract of associated article: In emerging-market economies, real exchange rate adjustment is critical for achieving a sustainable current account position and thereby for helping to maintain macroeconomic and financial stability. This study examines two related hypotheses: (i) that real exchange rate adjustment promotes the rebalancing of the current account and (ii) that a flexible nominal exchange rate facilitates real exchange rate adjustment and thus the rebalancing of the current account. Evidence from an event-study analysis for a large set of emerging-market economies over the period 1975–2008 indicates that real exchange rate adjustment has contributed significantly to reducing current account imbalances. The adjustment of current account deficits in countries with a fixed exchange rate regime typically occurs through an exchange rate crisis, and substantial costs in terms of forgone output are incurred. Vector-error-correction analysis supports the findings of the event study; namely, in the long run, real exchange rate movements facilitate current account adjustment.

United States - Government current expenditures: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Agriculture was 36.41700 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Government current expenditures: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Agriculture reached a record high of 65.10400 in January of 2020 and a record low of 2.67800 in January of 1960. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Government current expenditures: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Agriculture - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

•GLA Economics has produced long-run projections of London’s employment since 2002. These projections are trend based and set out the long run path of employment considered most likely based on the historic data available at the time of construction. These are used within the GLA for planning to provide capacity to accommodate the longer-terms needs of the London economy. Given their importance to GLA policy planning, this note looks at how the GLA Economics’ employment projections have performed since 2002 and how this compares to projections from some other respected organisations.

•Although GLA Economics’ employment projections are consistently below outturn, much of this is the result of upward revisions to historic employment data (which underpin the projections model). Further, the projections perform relatively well when looking at the projected annual growth rate and average annual error in relation to outturn, with the accuracy of the projections generally improving the longer the time period over which the estimates are analysed.

•The revisions to historic employment data also drive much of the variability in the GLA Economics’ employment projections numbers over time. However, and by design, the revised projections are relatively consistent over time and average revisions between iterations in GLA Economics employment projections are relatively small.

United States - Government current expenditures: Economic affairs was 479.46300 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Government current expenditures: Economic affairs reached a record high of 1035.68500 in January of 2020 and a record low of 11.39800 in January of 1960. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Government current expenditures: Economic affairs - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on August of 2025.

Journal of Political Economy Impact Factor 2024-2025 - ResearchHelpDesk - The Journal of Political Economy is a monthly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press. Established by James Laurence Laughlin in 1892, it covers both theoretical and empirical economics. In the past, the journal published quarterly from its introduction through 1905, ten issues per volume from 1906 through 1921, and bimonthly from 1922 through 2019. The editor-in-chief is Magne Mogstad (University of Chicago). Abstract & Indexing Articles that appear in the Journal of Political Economy are indexed in the following abstracting and indexing services: Ulrich's Periodicals Directory (Print) Ulrichsweb (Online) J-Gate HINARI Association for Asian Studies Bibliography of Asian Studies (Online) Business Index CABI Abstracts on Hygiene and Communicable Diseases (Online) Agricultural Economics Database CAB Abstracts (Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux) Dairy Science Abstracts (Online) Environmental Impact Global Health Leisure Tourism Database Nutrition and Food Sciences Database Rural Development Abstracts (Online) Soil Science Database Soils and Fertilizers (Online) Tropical Diseases Bulletin (Online) World Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology Abstracts (Online) Clarivate Analytics Current Contents Social Sciences Citation Index Web of Science De Gruyter Saur Dietrich's Index Philosophicus IBZ - Internationale Bibliographie der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Zeitschriftenliteratur Internationale Bibliographie der Rezensionen Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlicher Literatur EBSCOhost America: History and Life ATLA Religion Database (American Theological Library Association) Biography Index: Past and Present (H.W. Wilson) Book Review Digest Plus (H.W. Wilson) Business Source Alumni Edition (Full Text) Business Source Complete (Full Text) Business Source Corporate (Full Text) Business Source Corporate Plus (Full Text) Business Source Elite (Full Text) Business Source Premier (Full Text) Business Source Ultimate (Full Text) Current Abstracts EBSCO MegaFILE (Full Text) EBSCO Periodicals Collection (Full Text) EconLit with Full Text (Full Text) ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) GeoRef Historical Abstracts (Online) Humanities & Social Sciences Index Retrospective: 1907-1984 (H.W. Wilson) Humanities Index Retrospective: 1907-1984 (H.W. Wilson) Humanities Source Humanities Source Ultimate Index to Legal Periodicals Retrospective: 1908-1981 (H.W. Wilson) Legal Source Library & Information Science Source MLA International Bibliography (Modern Language Association) OmniFile Full Text Mega (H.W. Wilson) Poetry & Short Story Reference Center Political Science Complete Public Affairs Index Readers' Guide Retrospective: 1890-1982 (H.W. Wilson) Russian Academy of Sciences Bibliographies Social Sciences Abstracts Social Sciences Full Text (H.W. Wilson) Social Sciences Index Retrospective: 1907-1983 (H.W. Wilson) SocINDEX SocINDEX with Full Text TOC Premier Women's Studies International Elsevier BV GEOBASE Scopus ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) Gale Academic ASAP Academic OneFile Advanced Placement Government and Social Studies Book Review Index Plus Business & Company ProFile ASAP Business ASAP Business ASAP International Business Collection Business Insights: Essentials Business Insights: Global Business, Economics and Theory Collection Expanded Academic ASAP General Business File ASAP General OneFile General Reference Center Gold General Reference Centre International InfoTrac Custom InfoTrac Student Edition MLA International Bibliography (Modern Language Association) Popular Magazines US History Collection H.W. Wilson Social Sciences Index National Library of Medicine PubMed OCLC ArticleFirst Periodical Abstracts Sociological Abstracts (Online), Selective Ovid EconLit ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) GeoRef ProQuest ABI/INFORM Collection ABI/INFORM Global (American Business Information) ABI/INFORM Research (American Business Information) Business Premium Collection EconLit ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) GeoRef Health Management Database Health Research Premium Collection Hospital Premium Collection International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, Core MLA International Bibliography (Modern Language Association) PAIS Archive Professional ABI/INFORM Complete Professional ProQuest Central ProQuest 5000 ProQuest 5000 International ProQuest Central ProQuest Pharma Collection Research Library Social Science Database Social Science Premium Collection Sociological Abstracts (Online), Selective Worldwide Political Science Abstracts, Selective SCIMP (Selective Cooperative Index of Management Periodicals) Taylor & Francis Educational Research Abstracts Online Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Asia Asian - Pacific Economic Literature (Online)

The database used includes annual frequency data for 43 countries, defined by the IMF as 24 advanced countries and 19 emerging countries, for the years 1992-2018.The database contains the fiscal stress variable and a set of variables that can be classified as follows: macroeconomic and global economy (interest rates in the US, OECD; real GDP in the US, y-o-y, OECD; real GDP in China, y-o-y, World Bank; oil price, y-o-y, BP p.l.c.; VIX, CBOE; real GDP, y-o-y, World Bank, OECD, IMF WEO; GDP per capita in PPS, World Bank); financial (nominal USD exchange rate, y-o-y, IMF IFS; private credit to GDP, change in p.p., IMF IFS, World Bank and OECD); fiscal (general government balance, % GDP, IMF WEO; general government debt, % GDP, IMF WEO, effective interest rate on the g.g. debt, IMF WEO); competitiveness and domestic demand (currency overvaluation, IMF WEO; current account balance, % GDP, IMF WEO; share in global exports, y-o-y, World Bank, OECD; gross fixed capital formation, y-o-y, World Bank, OECD; CPI, IMF IFS, IMF WEO; real consumption, y-o-y, World Bank, OECD); labor market (unemployment rate, change in p.p., IMF WEO; labor productivity, y-o-y, ILO).In line with the convention adopted in the literature, the fiscal stress variable is a binary variable equal to 1 in the case of a fiscal stress event and 0 otherwise. In more recent literature in this field, the dependent variable tends to be defined broadly, reflecting not only outright default or debt restructuring, but also less extreme events. Therefore, following Baldacci et al. (2011), the definition used in the present database is broad, and the focus is on signalling fiscal stress events, in contrast to the narrower event of a fiscal crisis related to outright default or debt restructuring. Fiscal problems can take many forms; in particular, some of the outright defaults can be avoided through timely, targeted responses, like support programs of international institutions. The fiscal stress variable is shifted with regard to the other variables: crisis_next_year – binary variable shifted by 1 year, all years of a fiscal stress coded as 1; crisis_next_period – binary variable shifted by 2 years, all years of a fiscal stress coded as 1; crisis_first_year1 – binary variable shifted by 1 year, only the first year of a fiscal stress coded as 1; crisis_first_year2 - binary variable shifted by 2 years, only the first year of a fiscal stress coded as 1.

London’s Economic Outlook is GLA Economics’ London forecast. The forecasts are issued every six months to assist those preparing planning projections for London in the medium term. The report contains the following:

• An overview of recent economic conditions in London, the UK and the world economies with analysis of important events, trends and risks to short and medium-term growth.
• The ‘consensus forecast’ – a review of independent forecasts indicating the range of views about London’s economy and the possible upside and downside risk. In this context, ‘consensus forecast’ refers to the average of the independent forecasters (Cambridge Econometrics, The Centre for Economic and Business Research, Experian Economics, and Oxford Economics)
• The GLA Economics forecast for output, employment, household expenditure and household income in London.

Provided below are links to the current and previous versions of GLA Economics' medium term forecast for the level and growth rate of London's GVA, employment, household income and household expenditure. Forecasts for the growth and level of employment and GVA for selected sectors of the economy are also included.

• All output variables are measured in terms of output at basic prices. The price base for the latest dataset is 2011.
• All growth rates are in percentage change per annum.
• All employment levels are in millions.
• All output levels are in £bn.

United States - Government current expenditures: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: General economic and labor affairs was 102.09600 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Government current expenditures: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: General economic and labor affairs reached a record high of 678.11900 in January of 2020 and a record low of 1.23400 in January of 1959. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Government current expenditures: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: General economic and labor affairs - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

United States - Government current expenditures: Economic affairs: Space was 21.49500 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Government current expenditures: Economic affairs: Space reached a record high of 21.49500 in January of 2023 and a record low of 0.15000 in January of 1959. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Government current expenditures: Economic affairs: Space - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on September of 2025.

United States - Government current expenditures: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Natural resources was 51.69100 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Government current expenditures: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Natural resources reached a record high of 51.69100 in January of 2023 and a record low of 0.28700 in January of 1963. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Government current expenditures: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Natural resources - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on September of 2025.

United States - Government current expenditures: State and local: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Agriculture was 9.73900 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Government current expenditures: State and local: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Agriculture reached a record high of 9.73900 in January of 2023 and a record low of 0.31900 in January of 1960. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Government current expenditures: State and local: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Agriculture - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

United States - Government current expenditures: Federal: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Natural resources was 33.44600 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Government current expenditures: Federal: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Natural resources reached a record high of 33.44600 in January of 2023 and a record low of -0.04700 in January of 1963. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Government current expenditures: Federal: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Natural resources - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on September of 2025.

United States - Government current expenditures: Federal: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs was 155.31800 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Government current expenditures: Federal: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs reached a record high of 904.83100 in January of 2020 and a record low of 3.80400 in January of 1960. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Government current expenditures: Federal: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on August of 2025.

United States - Government current expenditures: Federal: Economic affairs: Space was 21.49500 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Government current expenditures: Federal: Economic affairs: Space reached a record high of 21.49500 in January of 2023 and a record low of 0.15000 in January of 1959. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Government current expenditures: Federal: Economic affairs: Space - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

United States - Government current expenditures: State and local: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: General economic and labor affairs was 34.74000 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Government current expenditures: State and local: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: General economic and labor affairs reached a record high of 34.74000 in January of 2023 and a record low of 0.64100 in January of 1959. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Government current expenditures: State and local: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: General economic and labor affairs - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on September of 2025.

United States - Government current expenditures: State and local: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Energy was 0.00000 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Government current expenditures: State and local: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Energy reached a record high of 7.02400 in January of 2001 and a record low of -0.31900 in January of 2003. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Government current expenditures: State and local: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Energy - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

United States - Government current expenditures: State and local: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Natural resources was 26.39300 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Government current expenditures: State and local: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Natural resources reached a record high of 26.39300 in January of 2023 and a record low of 0.36700 in January of 1959. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Government current expenditures: State and local: Economic affairs: Other economic affairs: Natural resources - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on July of 2025.

United States - Government current expenditures: Federal: Economic affairs: Transportation was 57.65100 Bil. of $ in January of 2023, according to the United States Federal Reserve. Historically, United States - Government current expenditures: Federal: Economic affairs: Transportation reached a record high of 69.94400 in January of 2022 and a record low of 1.25200 in January of 1959. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for United States - Government current expenditures: Federal: Economic affairs: Transportation - last updated from the United States Federal Reserve on September of 2025.