****Dataset Overview**** This dataset contains historical macroeconomic data, featuring key economic indicators in the United States. It includes important metrics such as the Consumer Price Index (CPI), Retail Sales, Unemployment Rate, Industrial Production, Money Supply (M2), and more. The dataset spans from 1993 to the present and includes monthly data on various economic indicators, processed to show their rate of change (either percentage or absolute difference, depending on the indicator).

provenance

The data in this dataset is sourced from the Federal Reserve Economic Data (FRED) database, hosted by the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. FRED provides access to a wide range of economic data, including key macroeconomic indicators for the United States. My work involved calculating the rate of change (ROC) for each indicator and reorganizing the data into a more usable format for analysis. For more information and access to the full database, visit FRED's website.

Purpose and Use for the Kaggle Community:

This dataset is a valuable resource for data scientists, economists, and analysts interested in understanding macroeconomic trends, performing time series analysis, or building predictive models. With the rate of change included, users can quickly assess the growth or contraction in these indicators month-over-month. This dataset can be used for:

• Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA): Understanding historical economic trends. -Time Series Forecasting: Building models to predict future economic conditions. -Macroeconomic Analysis: Analyzing the relationship between various economic indicators. -Machine Learning Projects: Using the data as features to predict financial or economic outcomes. -By utilizing this dataset, users can perform in-depth analysis on the impact of macroeconomic changes, compare the historical performance of various indicators, and experiment with different time series forecasting techniques.

****Column Descriptions****

Year: The year of the observation.

Month: The month of the observation (1-12).

Industrial Production: Monthly data on the total output of US factories, mines, and utilities.

Manufacturers' New Orders: Durable Goods: Measures the value of new orders placed with manufacturers for durable goods, indicating future production activity.

Consumer Price Index (CPIAUCSL): A measure of the average change over time in the prices paid by urban consumers for a market basket of consumer goods and services.

Unemployment Rate: The percentage of the total labor force that is unemployed but actively seeking employment.

Retail Sales: The total receipts of retail stores, indicating consumer spending and economic activity.

Producer Price Index: Measures the average change over time in the selling prices received by domestic producers for their output.

Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE): A measure of the prices paid by consumers for goods and services, used in calculating inflation.

National Home Price Index: A measure of changes in residential real estate prices across the country.

All Employees, Total Nonfarm: The number of nonfarm payroll employees, an important indicator of the labor market.

Labor Force Participation Rate: The percentage of the working-age population that is either employed or actively looking for work.

Federal Funds Effective Rate: The interest rate at which depository institutions lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight.

Building Permits: The number of building permits issued for residential and non-residential buildings, a leading indicator of construction activity.

Money Supply (M2): The total money supply, including cash, checking deposits, and easily convertible near money.

Personal Income: The total income received by individuals from all sources, including wages, investments, and government transfers.

Trade Balance: The difference between a country's imports and exports, indicating the net trade flow.

Consumer Sentiment: The index reflecting consumer sentiment and expectations for the future economic outlook.

Consumer Confidence: A measure of how optimistic or pessimistic consumers are regarding their expected financial situation and the economy.

Notes on Interest Rates Please note that for the Federal Funds Effective Rate (FEDFUNDS), the dataset includes the absolute change in basis points (bps), not the rate of change. This means that the dataset reflects the direct change in the interest rate rather than the percentage change month-over-month. The change is represented in basis points, where 1 basis point equals 0.01%.

IBISWorld details the current state of the US economy as well as the economic outlook for the coming months.

Analysis of ‘USA Key Economic Indicators’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://www.kaggle.com/calven22/usa-key-macroeconomic-indicators on 28 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Context

Domino’s Pizza, like many other restaurant chains, is getting pinched by higher food costs. The company’s chief executive, Richard Allison, anticipates “unprecedented increases” in the company’s food costs, which could jump by 8-10%. He said that is three to four times what the pizza chain would normally expect in a year.

This leads to the paramount issue of inflation which affects every aspects of the economy, from consumer spending, business investment and employment rates to government programs, tax policies, and interest rates. The recent release of consumer inflation data showed prices rose at the fastest pace since 1982. Inflation forecasting is key in the conduct of monetary policy and can be used in many other ways such as preserving asset values. This dataset is a consolidated macroeconomic official statistics from 1981 to 2021, containing data available in month and quarterly format.

Content

The Core Consumer Price Index (ccpi) measures the changes in the price of goods and services, excluding food and energy due to their volatility. It measures price change from the perspective of the consumer. It is a often used to measure changes in purchasing trends and inflation.

Do note there are some null values in the dataset.

Acknowledgements

All data belongs to the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis official release, and are retrieved from FRED, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.

Inspiration

What are some noticeable patterns or seasonality of the economy? What are the current trends of the economy? Which indicators has an effect on Core CPI or vice-versa based on predictive power or influence?

Quarterly data and monthly data can be merged with forward-fill or interpolation methods.

What is the forecast of Core CPI in 2022?

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

Explore the current economic landscape of the United States and assess the performance of various industries during the previous quarter.

Graph and download economic data for Money Market Funds; Total Financial Assets, Level (MMMFFAQ027S) from Q4 1945 to Q1 2025 about MMMF, IMA, financial, assets, and USA.

Graph and download economic data for Rest of the World; Foreign Direct Investment in U.S.; Asset (Current Cost), Transactions (ROWFDIQ027S) from Q4 1946 to Q1 2025 about FDI, IMA, transactions, assets, and USA.

The US home loan market, a significant component of the broader mortgage industry, is experiencing robust growth, projected to maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 18% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key drivers. Firstly, a consistently low unemployment rate and rising disposable incomes are empowering more Americans to pursue homeownership. Secondly, historically low interest rates (though potentially fluctuating) throughout much of the forecast period are making mortgages more accessible and affordable. Thirdly, government initiatives aimed at boosting housing affordability, such as tax incentives and relaxed lending criteria (though subject to potential policy changes), contribute significantly to the market's expansion. Furthermore, the increasing preference for larger homes, particularly among millennials and Gen Z, further fuels demand. The market is segmented across various loan types (home purchase, refinance, home improvement), sources (banks, housing finance companies), interest rates (fixed, floating), and loan tenures. While fluctuating interest rates and economic uncertainties represent potential restraints, the long-term outlook for the US home loan market remains positive, driven by sustained demand and ongoing innovation within the financial technology sector. The competitive landscape is intensely dynamic, with major players like Rocket Mortgage, LoanDepot, Wells Fargo, and Bank of America dominating the market. However, smaller, regional lenders and online mortgage providers are also carving a niche for themselves by offering tailored services and competitive pricing. Market segmentation also presents opportunities for specialized lenders to focus on specific demographic groups or loan types, leveraging technology and data analytics to refine their offerings. The regional distribution of the market mirrors the US population density, with the Northeast, West Coast, and Southern regions demonstrating the highest activity. However, the market is becoming increasingly decentralized, with rising homeownership rates across previously less active areas. Overall, the US home loan market presents a compelling investment opportunity characterized by substantial growth potential, albeit with inherent risks tied to macroeconomic volatility and regulatory changes. Recent developments include: June 2023: Bank of America Corp has been adding consumer branches in four new U.S. states, it said on Tuesday, bringing its national footprint closer to rival JPMorgan Chase & Co. Bank of America will likely open new financial centers in Nebraska, Wisconsin, Alabama, and Louisiana as part of a four-year expansion across nine markets, including Louisville, Milwaukee, and New Orleans., July 2022: Rocket Mortgage entered the Canadian Market with the acquisition. The company expanded from offering home loans in Ontario at launch to now providing mortgages in every province, primarily from its headquarters in downtown Windsor. The Edison Financial team grew along with the company, starting with just four team members in early 2020 to more than 140 at present.. Key drivers for this market are: Increase in digitization in mortgage lending market, Increase in innovations in software designs to speed up the mortgage-application process. Potential restraints include: Increase in digitization in mortgage lending market, Increase in innovations in software designs to speed up the mortgage-application process. Notable trends are: Growth in Nonbank Lenders is Expected to Drive the Market.

The US asset management market, a significant segment of the global industry, is experiencing robust growth, driven by several key factors. The increasing affluence of the population, coupled with a growing awareness of the importance of long-term financial planning and retirement security, fuels demand for professional investment management services. Technological advancements, particularly the rise of robo-advisors and algorithmic trading, are streamlining investment processes and making them more accessible to a broader range of investors. Furthermore, the increasing complexity of financial markets and the need for sophisticated risk management strategies are driving demand for specialized expertise offered by large asset management firms. While regulatory changes and macroeconomic uncertainty present challenges, the market's fundamental strength remains intact. The market's segmentation reveals diverse opportunities. Retail investors continue to be a major segment, although institutional investors such as pension funds and insurance companies play a crucial role, particularly in driving higher asset-under-management (AUM) figures. Within asset classes, equity remains dominant, albeit with a growing interest in alternative investments like private equity and hedge funds, reflecting a search for higher returns and diversification. Competition is fierce, with major players like BlackRock, JP Morgan Asset Management, and Fidelity Investments vying for market share. However, niche players focusing on specific asset classes or client segments are also finding success. Considering the provided CAGR of 18.67%, and a 2025 market size of $48.22 billion, we can project significant expansion over the forecast period. This growth is expected to be supported by continued innovation within the industry and the enduring need for professional investment management. Recent developments include: In August 2023, BlackRock Inc., a prominent international credit asset manager, acquired Kreos. Kreos, renowned for its specialization in growth and risk-based financing for technology and healthcare enterprises, enhances BlackRock's market presence. This acquisition aligns with BlackRock's strategic objective of broadening its private-market investment portfolio., In January 2023, Fidelity Investments acquired Shoobx, a leading provider of automated equity management and financing software. Shoobx caters to private companies across various growth stages, including IPOs.. Key drivers for this market are: Rapid Growth in Advanced Technologies such as AI, IoT, Etc.,, Increase in Wealth of HNI's is Driving the Market. Potential restraints include: Rapid Growth in Advanced Technologies such as AI, IoT, Etc.,, Increase in Wealth of HNI's is Driving the Market. Notable trends are: US Portfolio Management Systems Market Set for Robust Growth.

The US investment banking market, a cornerstone of global finance, is experiencing robust growth, fueled by a confluence of factors. The market's expansion is driven primarily by increased mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activity, particularly within the technology and healthcare sectors, reflecting a dynamic landscape of corporate restructuring and strategic partnerships. Debt and equity capital markets are also contributing significantly to market expansion, as companies seek funding for expansion and innovation. Syndicated loans, a key segment within the investment banking industry, continue to be a popular financing option for large-scale projects and corporate transactions. While regulatory changes and macroeconomic uncertainties pose potential headwinds, the overall outlook for the US investment banking market remains positive, projected to maintain a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) exceeding 4% through 2033. This growth is further bolstered by the increasing complexity of financial transactions and the growing demand for sophisticated financial advisory services from both established corporations and emerging high-growth companies. Leading investment banks like Morgan Stanley, JPMorgan Chase, Goldman Sachs, and others are well-positioned to capitalize on this growth, leveraging their extensive networks, deep industry expertise, and sophisticated technological capabilities. However, competition remains fierce, with both established players and newer entrants vying for market share. The geographical distribution of revenue is expected to remain concentrated in North America, specifically the United States, given its large and sophisticated financial markets. While European and Asian markets are also expected to experience growth, they will likely contribute a smaller proportion to overall market revenue. The ongoing digital transformation within the financial sector is creating both opportunities and challenges, forcing firms to embrace new technologies and adapt to evolving client needs to maintain competitiveness and stay ahead of market shifts. The market will continue to see innovation in areas such as fintech and data analytics, creating new revenue streams and further shaping the industry landscape. Comprehensive Coverage US Investment Banking Market Report (2019-2033) This in-depth report provides a comprehensive analysis of the US Investment Banking Market, covering the period from 2019 to 2033. It offers invaluable insights for investors, industry professionals, and anyone seeking to understand the dynamics of this lucrative and competitive sector. The report leverages extensive market research to forecast robust growth, projecting a market size exceeding $XXX million by 2033, building on a base year of 2025. Key segments including Mergers & Acquisitions (M&A), Debt Capital Markets, Equity Capital Markets, Syndicated Loans, and other investment banking products are rigorously analyzed, providing a granular understanding of market trends and future opportunities. Recent developments include: October 2022: Michael Klein will combine his consultancy business with the investment bank Credit Suisse., October 2022: J.P. Morgan, the largest merchant acquirer in the world by volume of transactions, is expanding its Merchant Services capabilities in Asia Pacific (APAC) as it seeks to provide corporate clients with the full range of its payment services in a region where retail e-commerce sales are the highest in the world.. Notable trends are: Artificial Intelligence is driving the market.

The inflation rate in the United States declined significantly between June 2022 and May 2025, despite rising inflationary pressures towards the end of 2024. The peak inflation rate was recorded in June 2022, at *** percent. In August 2023, the Federal Reserve's interest rate hit its highest level during the observed period, at **** percent, and remained unchanged until September 2024, when the Federal Reserve implemented its first rate cut since September 2021. By January 2025, the rate dropped to **** percent, signalling a shift in monetary policy. What is the Federal Reserve interest rate? The Federal Reserve interest rate, or the federal funds rate, is the rate at which banks and credit unions lend to and borrow from each other. It is one of the Federal Reserve's key tools for maintaining strong employment rates, stable prices, and reasonable interest rates. The rate is determined by the Federal Reserve and adjusted eight times a year, though it can be changed through emergency meetings during times of crisis. The Fed doesn't directly control the interest rate but sets a target rate. It then uses open market operations to influence rates toward this target. Ways of measuring inflation Inflation is typically measured using several methods, with the most common being the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The CPI tracks the price of a fixed basket of goods and services over time, providing a measure of the price changes consumers face. At the end of 2023, the CPI in the United States was ****** percent, up from ****** a year earlier. A more business-focused measure is the producer price index (PPI), which represents the costs of firms.

Delve into the most recent developments in the economic landscape of the United States and assess the performance of various industries during the previous quarter.

The North American industrial real estate market, encompassing the United States, Canada, and Mexico, is experiencing robust growth, driven by e-commerce expansion, nearshoring initiatives, and a strengthening manufacturing sector. The market's Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) exceeding 4.50% signifies a consistently expanding market value, projected to reach significant figures by 2033. Key sectors fueling this growth include Information Technology (IT and ITES), Manufacturing, and BFSI (Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance), with consulting and other sectors also contributing. The demand for warehouse and logistics space is particularly high, driven by the increasing need for efficient supply chain management and last-mile delivery solutions. Significant players like Hines, Turner Construction Company, and Prologis (a major player implicitly suggested by the listed companies) are shaping the market landscape through large-scale developments and strategic acquisitions. While potential restraints could include rising interest rates and construction material costs, the underlying demand continues to outweigh these challenges, ensuring sustained growth for the foreseeable future. The geographical distribution of growth varies across North America, with the United States likely holding the largest market share due to its economic size and established logistics networks. Canada and Mexico are also experiencing growth, particularly Mexico benefiting from nearshoring trends. Segmentation within the sectors reveals a dynamic market. The IT and ITES sector's demand for data centers and office space drives growth in specific regions. Manufacturing's expansion necessitates larger industrial spaces, while BFSI focuses on secure and well-located facilities. This diverse demand profile contributes to the overall market resilience and growth trajectory. The forecast period (2025-2033) promises continued expansion, making the North American industrial real estate market an attractive investment opportunity for both developers and investors. Continued monitoring of macroeconomic factors and evolving industry trends will be key to navigating this dynamic environment. Recent developments include: December 2021: Boston Properties Inc. (the largest publicly traded developer, owner, and manager of Class A office properties) announced that it completed the acquisition of 360 Park Avenue South, a 450,000 square-foot, 20-story office property located in the Midtown South submarket of Manhattan, New York, from Enterprise Asset Management Inc. (an investment management firm). Furthermore, the gross purchase value accounted for approximately USD 300 million., December 2021: Boston Properties Inc. announced a joint venture in which the company has a 49% ownership and executed a 229,000 square foot lease with a leading biotech company at the venture's 751 Gateway project in South San Francisco, California. The lease covers the entire building, which is currently under construction, with initial occupancy expected in early 2024.. Notable trends are: Increasing Rental Prices of Office Spaces.

The global convertible bond fund market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing investor interest in hybrid instruments offering both equity upside and debt security. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $500 billion, reflecting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 8% from 2019 to 2024. This strong performance is attributed to several key factors. Firstly, the current macroeconomic environment characterized by moderate interest rates and volatile equity markets makes convertible bonds an attractive investment option. Secondly, the increasing sophistication of investors and their willingness to explore alternative investment strategies fuel demand for convertible bond funds. Thirdly, the rise of passive investment strategies, particularly in exchange-traded funds (ETFs), is contributing to market expansion, as is the growth in the active management sector catering to investors seeking higher returns. Segment-wise, the active convertible bond fund segment is anticipated to hold a larger market share due to its potential for alpha generation. However, the passive segment is experiencing rapid growth driven by the cost-effectiveness and ease of access. Similarly, direct sales channels currently dominate, but indirect sales, particularly through financial advisors and wealth management firms, are exhibiting significant growth potential. The geographic distribution of the market shows strong presence in North America and Europe, but rapidly expanding markets in Asia-Pacific present substantial future growth prospects. Looking ahead to 2033, the market is poised for continued expansion, primarily fueled by the burgeoning economies of Asia and increasing participation from institutional investors seeking diversification. The market size is projected to reach approximately $1 trillion by 2033, maintaining a healthy CAGR of 6% during the forecast period (2025-2033). However, potential headwinds such as interest rate hikes and regulatory changes could influence the pace of growth. The competitive landscape is highly concentrated, with major players like BlackRock, Vanguard, and Fidelity Investments leading the market. However, emerging market players and fintech companies are also beginning to challenge the incumbents. The evolving market dynamics demand a strategic approach for players focusing on technology integration, improved product offerings, and targeted geographic expansion.

The global platinum sponge market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand from key applications such as electronic materials and surfactants. While precise market size figures for 2025 are unavailable, based on industry analysis and reported CAGRs for similar precious metal markets, a reasonable estimation places the 2025 market size at approximately $500 million. Considering a conservative CAGR of 5% (a figure reflecting cautious growth in the face of potential economic fluctuations and material price volatility), the market is projected to reach roughly $700 million by 2033. Key growth drivers include the expanding electronics industry, particularly in areas like high-frequency circuits and advanced sensors where platinum's unique properties are indispensable. Furthermore, the increasing demand for high-performance surfactants in various industrial and consumer products contributes significantly to market expansion. However, fluctuating platinum prices, supply chain constraints, and the potential emergence of alternative materials pose challenges to sustained growth. The market is segmented by type (e.g., differing purities) and application, with electronic materials and surfactants currently dominating. Geographical distribution shows strong demand from North America and Asia-Pacific regions, with China and the United States representing significant consumer bases. Future growth will likely be influenced by technological advancements in electronics, the development of new surfactant applications, and the overall economic climate. The competitive landscape is relatively fragmented, with a mix of established players and emerging companies. Key players are focusing on strategic partnerships, investments in R&D, and expansion into new geographical markets to gain a competitive edge. The market's future hinges on overcoming supply chain vulnerabilities, managing price fluctuations effectively, and innovating new applications for platinum sponge, particularly in sectors driven by sustainability and technological advancement. Continued growth is expected, though the rate may fluctuate according to macroeconomic trends and the price of platinum itself. This comprehensive report provides an in-depth analysis of the global platinum sponge market, valued at approximately $200 million in 2023, and projected to reach $350 million by 2028, exhibiting a robust Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). The report meticulously examines market dynamics, competitive landscapes, and future growth trajectories, focusing on key players, technological advancements, and regulatory impacts. This crucial resource is ideal for investors, industry professionals, and researchers seeking a clear understanding of this lucrative niche market.

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Cloud-Based IT Service Management Market Size 2024-2028

The cloud-based IT service management (ITSM) market size is forecast to increase by USD 10.12 billion, at a CAGR of 19.58% between 2023 and 2028.

Cloud-based IT Service Management (ITSM) is experiencing significant growth due to several key drivers. These include the cost savings and scalability offered by private and hybrid cloud solutions. The digitalization of businesses is also leading to increased adoption of cloud-based ITSM tools for managing IT assets, configurations, service portfolios, and catalogs. Security and privacy concerns are another major factor, as cloud-based ITSM platforms provide strong security features that help organizations protect their IT infrastructure. IT spending is shifting towards cloud-based services, making cloud-based ITSM an attractive investment for businesses.

What will be the Size of the Cloud-Based IT Service Management (ITSM) Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market has been experiencing significant growth in recent years, driven by various macroeconomic factors. Despite the challenges posed by recessions and high inflation, organizations have continued to invest in IT initiatives to optimize their operations and improve service delivery. Cloud-based solutions, such as IT Service Management (ITSM) and IT Operations Management (ITOM), have emerged as popular choices for businesses seeking to streamline their IT processes. These solutions offer numerous benefits, including workflow automation, incident resolution, and problem management. However, the adoption of cloud-based ITSM is not without its challenges. Security concerns, particularly data security and high-profile security breaches, have become major concerns for organizations.
Cybersecurity and data protection are essential components of any cloud-based ITSM solution. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies and automation in ITSM has been a game-changer. AI-driven solutions enable faster incident identification and resolution, reducing service interruptions and improving overall IT service quality. Despite the benefits, the implementation of cloud-based ITSM solutions requires careful consideration. Organizations must assess their current IT infrastructure, identify areas for improvement, and choose the right solution provider. Managed services, such as Software as a Service (SaaS) offerings, can help organizations overcome the initial investment hurdles and ensure a smooth transition to cloud-based ITSM.

How is this Cloud-Based IT Service Management (ITSM) Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The cloud-based IT service management (ITSM) industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Component

  Solutions
  Services


End-user

  IT and telecom
  Retail and consumer goods
  BFSI
  Healthcare and life sciences
  Others


Geography

  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK


  APAC

    China


  South America



  Middle East and Africa

By Component Insights

The solutions segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Cloud-based IT Service Management (ITSM) solutions have gained substantial traction in the global market, with the service solutions segment leading the way in 2022. The increasing need for organizations to manage and oversee the delivery of cloud and IT services is a primary factor fueling the demand for these solutions. Additionally, the growing number of developers seeking to ensure optimal performance and availability of services in line with Service Level Objectives (SLOs) or Service Level Agreements (SLAs) is another significant driver. Data security is a critical concern in the cloud-based ITSM market, with AI technologies playing an increasingly important role in mitigating risks.

Automation is another key trend, as it helps organizations minimize service interruptions caused by network outages and cyberattacks. Real-time analytics enables proactive issue resolution and enhances overall service quality. Digital transformation initiatives are driving the adoption of cloud-based ITSM solutions, as they offer greater flexibility, scalability, and cost savings compared to traditional on-premises solutions. The market is expected to continue its growth trajectory during the forecast period, as businesses increasingly prioritize the need for efficient IT service management in the face of evolving technology landscapes and heightened security threats.

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The solutions segment was valued at USD 2.62 billio

We develop a flexible business cycle indicator that accounts for potential time variation in macroeconomic variables. The coincident economic indicator is based on a multivariate trend cycle decomposition model and is constructed from a moderate set of US macroeconomic time series. In particular, we consider an unobserved components time series model with a common cycle that is shared across different time series but adjusted for phase shift and amplitude. The extracted cycle can be interpreted as a model-based bandpass filter and is designed to emphasize the business cycle frequencies that are of interest to applied researchers and policymakers. Stochastic volatility processes and mixture distributions for the irregular components and the common cycle disturbances enable us to account for the heteroskedasticity present in the data. Forecasting results are presented for a set of different specifications. Point forecasts from the preferred model indicate a future recession with the uncertainty over the business cycle growing quickly as the forecast horizon increases.

The statistic depicts Mexico's real gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate from 2020 to 2024, with projections up until 2030. GDP refers to the total market value of all goods and services that are produced within a country per year. It is an important indicator of the economic strength of a country. Real GDP is adjusted for price changes and is therefore regarded as a key indicator for economic growth. In 2024, Mexico's real GDP grew by about 1.45 percent compared to the previous year. Mexico's economy Mexico, having not been dramatically affected by the 2002 South American crisis, has one of the strongest economies in the Americas behind the United States and Canada. By improving its macroeconomic rules and regulations, Mexico improved on many aspects of its economy, most notably inflation. Several goals that the government wanted accomplish were the improvement of infrastructure around the country as well as newer tax laws that would allow for higher income equality. Mexico is generally an export-oriented country, with the majority of export goods consisting of electronics, automobiles and agricultural goods. Exports over the past decade have seen continuous growth, with the exception of 2009. This increase in exports is largely due to an increasing number of free trade agreements with international countries, which essentially eliminate tariffs between member countries. However, Mexico imports more than they export, having recorded an annual trade deficit over the past decade. While most economics label this as a negative aspect, other economics believe that trade deficits are associated with positive economic developments.

The global fund sales market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing investor participation, favorable regulatory environments in several key regions, and the rising popularity of diversified investment strategies. The market's expansion is fueled by a surge in demand for both traditional investment vehicles like bond and stock funds, and more sophisticated hybrid options catering to risk-averse and growth-oriented investors alike. Direct sales channels are gaining traction, facilitated by the rise of fintech platforms and robo-advisors offering streamlined investment experiences, while indirect sales continue to play a significant role through financial advisors and wealth management firms. The market is segmented by fund type (bond, stock, hybrid) and sales channel (direct, indirect), reflecting diverse investor preferences and distribution strategies. Geographic variations exist, with North America and Europe currently dominating the market share, though Asia-Pacific is anticipated to witness significant growth in the coming years, driven by expanding economies and increasing disposable incomes in key markets like China and India. Competition is fierce, with established players like BlackRock, Vanguard, and Fidelity Investments vying for market share alongside regional and emerging fund managers. The long-term outlook remains positive, driven by sustained economic growth in several regions, technological innovation in financial services, and an ever-increasing awareness of the importance of long-term investment strategies. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of global giants and regional players. While established firms maintain a strong presence, smaller, more agile firms are innovating with new product offerings and distribution models. Factors such as market volatility, regulatory changes, and macroeconomic conditions can influence market growth. However, the overall trend suggests continued expansion, particularly within the rapidly developing markets of Asia-Pacific. The introduction of sustainable and ethical investment options is also gaining momentum, further diversifying the fund sales market and attracting environmentally and socially conscious investors. Long-term projections indicate a sustained growth trajectory, reflecting the continued importance of mutual funds and other investment vehicles in global portfolios. Effective marketing strategies, technological advancements in fund management and trading, and an evolving regulatory landscape will continue to shape the future of this dynamic market.

The Latin American coffee market, valued at $11.59 billion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7.52% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is driven by several key factors. Rising disposable incomes across the region are fueling increased coffee consumption, particularly among younger demographics embracing specialty coffee and ready-to-drink options. The burgeoning popularity of convenient formats like coffee pods and capsules further contributes to market growth. Tourism, especially in key countries like Brazil and Argentina, also plays a significant role, boosting demand in the on-trade segment (cafes, restaurants, hotels). Furthermore, the growing online retail sector provides an expanding distribution channel, making coffee more accessible to consumers across diverse geographical locations. However, the market faces challenges including fluctuating coffee bean prices, which can impact production costs and profitability. Economic instability in certain Latin American nations may also pose a restraint on overall market growth. The segment breakdown reveals a diverse market, with whole bean coffee, ground coffee, and instant coffee maintaining substantial market share, while the ready-to-drink and pod/capsule segments are experiencing the fastest growth, reflecting evolving consumer preferences for convenience and premium experiences. Brazil and Argentina dominate the regional market, fueled by substantial domestic consumption and robust export activities. The "Rest of Latin America" segment is anticipated to see considerable growth potential, driven by rising coffee consumption in emerging markets. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of multinational giants like Nestlé and JDE Peet's, alongside significant regional players such as Grupo 3corações and Café Bom Dia. These companies employ various strategies, including product diversification, brand building, and strategic partnerships, to gain a competitive edge. Future growth will likely be influenced by innovations in sustainable sourcing and production methods, catering to the increasing consumer awareness of ethical and environmental concerns. The market's continued expansion will likely be determined by the ability of players to successfully adapt to evolving consumer trends, leverage digital channels effectively, and navigate macroeconomic uncertainties. Recent developments include: May 2024: Nestlé announced plans to enhance its B2B and B2C operations in Brazil by investing BRL 1 billion (approximately USD 193.97 million) by 2026. The renowned coffee company aims to utilize this funding to implement advanced technology, such as roasting equipment, and enhance production line flexibility to introduce new products and flavors., February 2024: Nespresso Professional launched a Brazil Organic capsule, a new pure Arabica blend developed exclusively to complement the existing Origins Organic range. The new Brazilian capsule will join flavors from Peru, Congo, and Colombia as an addition to the collection. All four professional Origins Organic coffees are ‘Made with Care’ and sourced from carefully selected regions within their respective countries., January 2024: JDE Peet completed the acquisition of Maratá's coffee & tea business in Brazil. The acquisition complemented JDE Peet's’ existing portfolio of brands predominantly sold in the southern regions of Brazil and increased the company’s scale and national coverage in Brazil, a market that offers compelling prospects for both volume and value growth.. Key drivers for this market are: Emergence of Coffee Culture and Cafe Chains, Innovation in Coffee Flavors, Formats, and Brewing Methods. Potential restraints include: Emergence of Coffee Culture and Cafe Chains, Innovation in Coffee Flavors, Formats, and Brewing Methods. Notable trends are: Rising Popularity of Ground/Roasted Coffee Driving the Market.

Construction equipment producers have faced significant volatility in recent years, largely driven by the performance of various branches of the construction space, including residential, industrial and infrastructure. Unfavorable macroeconomic conditions in 2020 led to a slowdown in nonresidential construction activity, as remote working practices became the norm, foot traffic at brick-and-mortar stores weakened and demand for manufactured goods weakened. However, during this time, the residential sector boomed as near-zero interest rates and the flexibility offered by remote working encouraged consumers to purchase or build homes, boosting demand for construction equipment. As the economy began to recover, the nonresidential sector slowly followed. However, elevated inflationary pressures and heightened consumer uncertainty placed downward pressure on demand from the residential sector, contributing to revenue losses in 2023. During this time, steel prices directly impacted revenue, a highly volatile commodity that squeezed producers' profit. These trends have contributed to revenue growing at an estimated CAGR of 3.1% to $43.5 billion through 2025, including a 0.9% gain that year alone. Domestic producers face significant competition from foreign manufacturers, which is largely driven by consumer preferences favoring foreign producers and other cost-advantage measures. Imports have been satisfying a growing share of domestic demand as elevated inflation makes consumers more price-sensitive. Similarly, the recent appreciation of the US dollar has made imported machinery comparatively more affordable, further boosting demand for imports. On the other hand, exports have been accounting for a smaller share of revenue, with a strong dollar making them less competitive overseas, pushing domestic producers to focus on serving their domestic markets. Looking ahead, construction machinery manufacturers will continue to enjoy solid growth. Expected interest rate cuts will boost residential and commercial construction as developers capitalize on favorable borrowing conditions. The market for multifamily housing remains robust, driven by younger demographics' demands, while government initiatives push for greener construction practices. The depreciation of the dollar will make US machinery more competitive abroad, fostering export growth. Similarly, domestic construction companies will seek domestic construction machinery manufacturers’ products as foreign products become more expensive. Industry revenue is forecast to climb at a CAGR of 1.6% to $48.2 billion through the end of 2030.