Mortgage interest rates worldwide varied greatly in 2024, from less than four percent in many European countries, to as high as 44 percent in Turkey. The average mortgage rate in a country depends on the central bank's base lending rate and macroeconomic indicators such as inflation and forecast economic growth. Since 2022, inflationary pressures have led to rapid increase in mortgage interest rates. Which are the leading mortgage markets? An easy way to estimate the importance of the mortgage sector in each country is by comparing household debt depth, or the ratio of the debt held by households compared to the county's GDP. In 2023, Switzerland, Australia, and Canada had some of the highest household debt to GDP ratios worldwide. While this indicator shows the size of the sector relative to the country’s economy, the value of mortgages outstanding allows to compare the market size in different countries. In Europe, for instance, the United Kingdom, Germany, and France were the largest mortgage markets by outstanding mortgage lending. Mortgage lending trends in the U.S. In the United States, new mortgage lending soared in 2021. This was largely due to the growth of new refinance loans that allow homeowners to renegotiate their mortgage terms and replace their existing loan with a more favorable one. Following the rise in interest rates, the mortgage market cooled, and refinance loans declined.

This dataset provides values for INTEREST RATE reported in several countries. The data includes current values, previous releases, historical highs and record lows, release frequency, reported unit and currency.

Key information about France Long Term Interest Rate

• France Long Term Interest Rate: Month Avg: France: ECB Harmonised was reported at 3.15 % pa in Feb 2025, compared with 3.32 % pa in the previous month.
• France Long Term Interest Rate data is updated monthly, available from Jan 1986 to Feb 2025.
• The data reached an all-time high of 10.70 % pa in Oct 1987 and a record low of -0.34 % pa in Dec 2020.
• Long Term Interest Rate is reported by reported by CEIC Data.

• In the latest reports, France Short Term Interest Rate: Month End: EURIBOR: 3 Months was reported at -0.57 % pa in Nov 2021.
• The cash rate (Policy Rate: Month End: Main Refinancing Operations) was set at 2.90 % pa in Feb 2025.
• France Exchange Rate against USD averaged 0.92 (USD/EUR) in Jun 2023.

In January 2025, global inflation rates and central bank interest rates showed significant variation across major economies. Most economies initiated interest rate cuts from mid-2024 due to declining inflationary pressures. The U.S., UK, and EU central banks followed a consistent pattern of regular rate reductions throughout late 2024. In early 2025, Russia maintained the highest interest rate at 21 percent, while Japan retained the lowest at 0.5 percent. Varied inflation rates across major economies The inflation landscape varies considerably among major economies. China had the lowest inflation rate at 0.5 percent in January 2025. In contrast, Russia maintained a high inflation rate of 9.9 percent. These figures align with broader trends observed in early 2025, where China had the lowest inflation rate among major developed and emerging economies, while Russia's rate remained the highest. Central bank responses and economic indicators Central banks globally implemented aggressive rate hikes throughout 2022-23 to combat inflation. The European Central Bank exemplified this trend, raising rates from 0 percent in January 2022 to 4.5 percent by September 2023. A coordinated shift among major central banks began in mid-2024, with the ECB, Bank of England, and Federal Reserve initiating rate cuts, with forecasts suggesting further cuts through 2025 and 2026.

France - Housing cost overburden rate: Owner, with mortgage or loan was 0.90% in December of 2023, according to the EUROSTAT. Trading Economics provides the current actual value, an historical data chart and related indicators for France - Housing cost overburden rate: Owner, with mortgage or loan - last updated from the EUROSTAT on March of 2025. Historically, France - Housing cost overburden rate: Owner, with mortgage or loan reached a record high of 1.90% in December of 2015 and a record low of 0.50% in December of 2019.

Graph and download economic data for Interest Rates: 3-Month or 90-Day Rates and Yields: Interbank Rates: Total for France (IR3TIB01FRM156N) from Jan 1970 to Feb 2025 about interbank, France, 3-month, yield, interest rate, interest, and rate.

The average interest rate of loans from monetary financial institutions to non-financial corporations in the euro area overall has decreased slightly in 2024. In January of that year it amounted to 5.2, while it had fallen to 4.36 by December 2024. These figures are a composite cost-of-borrowing indicator that shows the average interest rate of business loans (non-financial), taking into account those with different loan terms or for different amounts.

Since its introduction in October 2019, the Euro Short-Term Rate (€STR) has remained constant at between -0.51 and -0.59 percent until the second half 2022. Since then, it increased, peaking at 3.9 between the end of 2023 and the beginning of 2024. As of January 2025, the rate stood at 2.92 percent. The €STR is an interest rate benchmark designed to replace the Euro OverNight Index Average (EOIA), adopting a different calculation methodology that returns significantly lower rates. It is intended that the EOIA will be discontinued from January 3, 2022. How is the Euro Short-Term Rate calculated? The €STR uses transaction data included in daily reporting on monetary exchanges from the 52 largest eurozone banks to calculate the average interests rate attached to loans throughout a business day. Only unsecured loans are included, as the rate on secured loans would be affected by the type of underlying collateral. Several key respects distinguish the €STR from alternative benchmarks like the EOIA, and the London Intrabank Offered Rate (LIBOR). First, the €STR is based on transaction data alone, whereas the LIBOR asking major banks directly what rate they would charge other banks for short terms loans. The second main difference is that, by considering money market transactions rather than only intrabank lending (like the EOIA and LIBOR), the €STR incorporates the role of other major actors like money market funds, insurance companies, and other financial corporations. Difference between €STR and EURIBOR The Euro Interbank Offered Rate (EURIBOR) is the other main reference interest rate governing eurozone lending. The EURIBOR differs from €STR though as it is based on a survey of the interest rates a panel of major banks would offer other major banks for interbank term deposits. There are therefore different reference rates published for different maturities, for example the EURIBOR one month rate, the EURIBOR six month rate, and the EURIBOR 12 month rate. In contrast, the €STR is intended to track the cost of overnight borrowing.

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Personal Loans Market Size 2025-2029

The personal loans market size is forecast to increase by USD 803.4 billion, at a CAGR of 15.2% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is witnessing significant growth, driven by the adoption of advanced technologies in loan processing and the rise in the use of cloud-based personal loan servicing software offerings. These technological advancements enable faster loan processing, improved customer experience, and enhanced security. However, the market faces challenges related to regulatory compliance, with increasing regulations and scrutiny from regulatory bodies. Lenders must ensure they adhere to these regulations to maintain trust and transparency with their customers. Digitalization, including cloud computing, chatbots, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence, has transformed the market. Additionally, the market is witnessing an increase in competition, with new players entering the market and existing players offering innovative products to attract customers. Overall, the market is expected to continue its growth trajectory, driven by technological advancements and the need for flexible financing solutions.

What will be the Size of the Personal Loans Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market encompasses short-term financing solutions designed for individuals to meet their various financial needs. Employment status and credit history significantly influence borrowing limits and interest rates in this sector. Traditional balance sheet lending institutions, such as credit unions, have long dominated the market, but online loan providers have gained traction due to quick lending processes and digitalized business operations. Interest rates and borrowing limits continue to be key market drivers, with competitive insights from credit unions and online providers shaping the landscape. Employment instability and economic uncertainty have increased demand for personal loans, particularly among those with less-than-ideal credit histories.
Digitalization, including cloud computing, chatbots, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence, have transformed the market. These technologies streamline loan assessments, enabling faster approval processes and more personalized customer experiences. However, the rise of digital credit platforms also presents challenges, such as increased competition, potential bad debts, and penalties for late payments. Collateral is less common in personal loans compared to other types of loans, but awareness of digitalization and automation continues to grow. Credit cards serve as a competitive alternative for some consumers, but personal loans offer more flexibility and potentially lower interest rates for larger borrowing needs.

How is this Personal Loans Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The personal loans industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Application

  Short term loans
  Medium term loans
  Long term loans


Type

  P2P marketplace lending
  Balance sheet lending


Channel

  Banks
  Credit union
  Online lenders


Geography

  North America

    Canada
    US


  Europe

    Germany
    UK
    France
    Italy


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Middle East and Africa

By Application Insights

The short term loans segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Personal loans have gained popularity as a flexible financing solution for individuals, particularly In the form of short-term loans. These loans cater to urgent needs, such as medical emergencies or car repairs, offering quick access to funds with shorter repayment periods, typically within a year. Unlike home or gold loans, personal loans do not require collateral, making them an accessible option for borrowers. Employment status, credit history, and borrowing limits are key factors in determining eligibility and loan amounts. The market is undergoing digital transformation, with cloud computing, chatbots, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence streamlining business operations. Fintech companies and online loan providers are disrupting traditional financial institutions, such as banks and credit unions, by offering instantaneous loan approvals and digital credit platforms.

However, challenges persist, including regulatory compliance, competition, and managing bad debts and penalties. In the competitive environment, Zopa, Startups, and other fintech companies are leveraging automation, AI technology, and credit history assessments to provide personalized loan solutions. Economic uncertainty and the increasing use of the Internet of Things have heightened aware

House prices in the UK rose dramatically during the coronavirus pandemic, with growth slowing down in 2022 and turning negative in 2023. The year-on-year annual house price change peaked at 14 percent in July 2022. In June 2024, house prices increased by 2.7 percent. According to the Nationwide Building Society, the average house price exceeded 265,000 British pounds in 2022. Correction in housing prices: a European phenomenon The trend of a growing residential real estate market was not exclusive to the UK during the pandemic. Likewise, many European countries experienced falling prices in 2023. When comparing residential property RHPI (price index in real terms, e.g. corrected for inflation), countries such as Germany, France, Italy, and Spain also saw prices decline. Sweden, one of the countries with the fastest growing residential markets, saw one of the largest declines in prices. How has demand for UK housing changed since the outbreak of the coronavirus? The easing of the lockdown was followed by a dramatic increase in home sales. In November 2020, the number of mortgage approvals reached an all-time high of over 107,000. One of the reasons for the housing boom were the low mortgage rates, allowing home buyers to take out a loan with an interest rate as low as 2.5 percent. That changed as the Bank of England started to raise the base lending rate, resulting in higher borrowing costs and a decline in homebuyer sentiment.

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REIT Market Size 2025-2029

The reit market size is forecast to increase by USD 372.8 billion at a CAGR of 3% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth driven by the increasing global demand for warehousing and storage facilities, particularly in response to the e-commerce sector's continued expansion. This trend is further accentuated by the emergence of self-storage as a service, providing investors with attractive returns and meeting the evolving needs of consumers. However, the market also faces challenges, including intense competition and the need for vertical integration to remain competitive. E-commerce giants are increasingly investing in their logistics capabilities, creating a more complex and dynamic market landscape. To capitalize on these opportunities, companies must stay agile and adapt to changing consumer preferences and market conditions. Strategic partnerships, innovation, and operational efficiency will be key differentiators for success in this competitive market.

What will be the Size of the REIT Market during the forecast period?

Request Free SampleThe Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) market represents a significant segment of the investment landscape, offering income-producing opportunities through commercial real estate. REITs are publicly traded entities that enable investors to access the benefits of owning and operating income-generating commercial properties without the operational burdens. Both traded and non-traded REITs are available, each with unique features and eligibility criteria. The market is characterized by its sizeable presence, with numerous entities focusing on various commercial property sectors, including equity, mortgage, hybrid, and private REITs. These entities provide investors with dividend yields, capital appreciation potential, and diversification benefits. However, investing in REITs involves risks, including liquidity concerns, share value transparency, conflicts of interest, and potential fraud. Investors should carefully consider these factors, along with fees, taxes, and broker or financial adviser relationships, when constructing their investment portfolios. REITs offer investors regular income through rental yields and potential capital gains. Dividend income and equity appreciation make REITs an attractive option for those seeking income and growth. However, investors should be aware of taxation implications, including eligibility criteria and capital gains taxes. Investors should consult with their financial advisers to understand the risks and benefits of REITs and to determine whether they align with their investment objectives and risk tolerance. Ultimately, REITs provide a valuable opportunity for investors seeking income and growth in the commercial real estate sector.

How is this REIT Industry segmented?

The reit industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments. TypeIndustrialCommercialResidentialApplicationWarehouses and communication centersSelf-storage facilities and data centersOthersProduct TypeTriple netDouble netModified gross leaseFull servicePercentageGeographyNorth AmericaUSCanadaAPACChinaIndiaJapanSingaporeEuropeFranceGermanyItalyUKSouth AmericaMiddle East and Africa

By Type Insights

The industrial segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.The market experienced notable growth in the industrial sector in 2024, driven by the increasing demand for commercial real estate, particularly warehousing space. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated this trend as online sales d, necessitating more warehouse space for inventory storage. Industrial companies have responded by leasing additional warehouses to meet occupancy and rental rate demands. Furthermore, e-commerce companies are establishing warehouses and fulfillment centers near metropolitan areas to cater to growing online consumer bases. These factors create significant expansion opportunities for industrial REITs, including Equity, Mortgage, and Hybrid types, thereby fueling market growth. Publicly traded and non-traded REITs offer investors diverse investment portfolio options, providing both dividend income and capital appreciation potential. Transparent share value and dividend yields, professional management, and regular income make REITs an attractive asset allocation choice for investors seeking diversification and emergency liquidity.

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The Industrial segment was valued at USD 1525.50 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

North America is estimated to contribute 63% to the growth of the global market during t

The UK housing market continued to show significant regional variations in 2024, with London maintaining its position as the most expensive city for homebuyers. The average house price in the capital stood at 519,579 British pounds in October, nearly double the national average of 292,059 British pounds. However, the market dynamics are shifting, with London experiencing only a modest 0.2 percent annual increase, while other cities like Newcastle upon Tyne and Belfast saw more substantial growth of 8.8 percent and 6.8 percent respectively. Affordability challenges and market slowdown Despite the continued price growth in many cities, the UK housing market is facing headwinds. The affordability of mortgage repayments has become the biggest barrier to property purchases, with the majority of the respondents in a recent survey citing it as their main challenge. Moreover, a rising share of Brits have reported affordability as a challenge since 2021, reflecting the impact of rising house prices and higher mortgage rates. The market slowdown is evident in the declining housing transaction volumes, which have plummeted since 2021. European context The stark price differences are mirrored in the broader European context. While London boasts some of the highest property prices among European cities, a comparison of the average transaction price for new homes in different European countries shows a different picture. In 2023, the highest prices were found in Austria, Germany, and France.