In fiscal year 2025, the ratio of revenue deficit to GDP in India was estimated to be around two percent, down from 2.9 percent in fiscal year 2022. The ratio was estimated to remain stable in 2024.

In the financial year 2026, the estimated gross fiscal deficit in India was expected to be 4.4 percent of the GDP. This would be a decrease from the previous year's deficit in the country. What is fiscal deficit? The fiscal deficit of the government is the difference between the total expenditure incurred and the total non-debt capital receipts of the government. It indicates the total borrowing requirements of the government. Impact from the pandemic Due to concerns over gradually slowing economic growth, the government increased its fiscal spending in early 2019. With the onset of the coronavirus (COVID-19) and consequent lockdown, the unprecedented financial stimulus package led to the worsening of the gross fiscal deficit. This further stressed the tax revenue system across the country. A major impact of the pandemic was the projection of negative quarterly growth of GDP in June 2020 across India.

India PFS: RBI: Central Government Gross Fiscal Deficit as % of GDP: Current Fiscal Year: Mean data was reported at 3.400 % in Mar 2019. This stayed constant from the previous number of 3.400 % for Dec 2018. India PFS: RBI: Central Government Gross Fiscal Deficit as % of GDP: Current Fiscal Year: Mean data is updated quarterly, averaging 4.200 % from Mar 2008 (Median) to Mar 2019, with 43 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.000 % in Sep 2009 and a record low of 3.190 % in Mar 2008. India PFS: RBI: Central Government Gross Fiscal Deficit as % of GDP: Current Fiscal Year: Mean data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Business and Economic Survey – Table IN.SE008: Professional Forecasters Survey (PFS): Reserve Bank of India: Annual Forecasts: Central Government Gross Fiscal Deficit as % of GDP.

India recorded a Government Budget deficit equal to 4.80 percent of the country's Gross Domestic Product in 2024. This dataset provides - India Government Budget - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This Dataset contains year and month-wise data on amount of Fiscal Deficit, Revenue Deficit and Primary Deficit

Note: 1. Fiscal Deficit = Total Expenditure - Total Receipts 2. Primary Deficit = Fiscal Deficit - Revenue Expenditure (Interest Payments) 3. Revenue Deficit = Revenue Expenditure -Revenue Receipts

In financial year 2021, due to the impact of COVID-19 on the national economy and extra public expenditure on healthcare and various social programs, the fiscal deficit rose to 9.5 percent. The revenue deficit was at 7.5 percent, effective revenue deficit at 6.3 percent, and primary deficit rose to 3.1 percent of India's gross domestic product (GDP). Fiscal deficit is the difference between the total income of the government and its total expenditure, while the revenue deficit occurs when realized net income is less than the projected net income. Effective revenue deficit is the difference between revenue deficit and grants for creation of capital assets. Primary deficit indicates a government's borrowing requirements, excluding interest.

In fiscal year 2025, the primary deficit as a share of GDP in India was projected to be almost 1.5 percent. This figure stood at 5.7 percent in fiscal year 2021. Primary deficit indicates a government's borrowing requirements, excluding interest.

PFS: RBI: Central Government Gross Fiscal Deficit as % of GDP: Next Fiscal Year: Mean data was reported at 3.400 % in Mar 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.300 % for Dec 2018. PFS: RBI: Central Government Gross Fiscal Deficit as % of GDP: Next Fiscal Year: Mean data is updated quarterly, averaging 3.900 % from Mar 2008 (Median) to Mar 2019, with 44 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 6.800 % in Mar 2009 and a record low of 2.700 % in Dec 2016. PFS: RBI: Central Government Gross Fiscal Deficit as % of GDP: Next Fiscal Year: Mean data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Business and Economic Survey – Table IN.SE008: Professional Forecasters Survey (PFS): Reserve Bank of India: Annual Forecasts: Central Government Gross Fiscal Deficit as % of GDP.

Revenue Deficits of the Centre, States, Centre and States combined and as percentages of respective GDPs

India PFS: RBI: Central Government Gross Fiscal Deficit as % of GDP: Next Fiscal Year: Maximum data was reported at 3.600 % in Mar 2019. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.500 % for Dec 2018. India PFS: RBI: Central Government Gross Fiscal Deficit as % of GDP: Next Fiscal Year: Maximum data is updated quarterly, averaging 5.050 % from Mar 2008 (Median) to Mar 2019, with 44 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 7.500 % in Mar 2009 and a record low of 3.200 % in Jun 2017. India PFS: RBI: Central Government Gross Fiscal Deficit as % of GDP: Next Fiscal Year: Maximum data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Business and Economic Survey – Table IN.SE008: Professional Forecasters Survey (PFS): Reserve Bank of India: Annual Forecasts: Central Government Gross Fiscal Deficit as % of GDP.

The budget balance in relation to the GDP in India amounts to approximately -6.86 percent in 2025.Fluctuating rise between 1988 and 2025Compared to the earliest depicted observation from 1988 there is a total increase by approximately 0.15 percentage points. Looking at the trajectory between 1988 and 2025, one can observe that this increase however did not happen continuously.Fluctuating rise between 2025 and 2030In 2030 the budget balance will lie at about -6.65 percent, according to forecasts. From 2025 onwards, there is an overall increase by approximately 0.21 percentage points.The indicator describes the general government net lending/borrowing which is calculated as revenue minus total expenditure. The International Monetary Fund defines the general government expenditure as consisting of total expense and the net acquisition of nonfinancial assets. The general government revenue consists of the revenue from taxes, social contributions, grants receivable, and other revenue.

State Finances: BE: Andhra Pradesh: Gross Fiscal Deficit: Revenue Deficit data was reported at 347,434.000 INR mn in 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 223,167.000 INR mn for 2024. State Finances: BE: Andhra Pradesh: Gross Fiscal Deficit: Revenue Deficit data is updated yearly, averaging 18,745.000 INR mn from Mar 2002 (Median) to 2025, with 24 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 347,434.000 INR mn in 2025 and a record low of -52,400.000 INR mn in 2019. State Finances: BE: Andhra Pradesh: Gross Fiscal Deficit: Revenue Deficit data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table IN.FE004: State Finances: Decomposition of Gross Fiscal Deficit: Budget Estimates.

For the financial year 2022, according to the budget estimate, the fiscal deficit for states as a percent of GDP was 3.7 percent. However, to overcome the crises caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, an economic package to the tune of 23 billion U.S. dollars was sanctioned. This led to a rise of 80 basis points. Thereby speculations rose related to an increase in the fiscal deficit, similar to what occurred during the 2008 financial crises.

This dataset contains the State and Year-wise Fiscal Health Index (FHI) ranking. This index is formulated by NITI Aayog for Major States in India to get insights into the fiscal condition of states.

The Composite Fiscal Health Index (FHI) is computed as the average of five major sub-indicators: Quality of Expenditure (developmental expenditure as a share of total expenditure, and capital outlay as a share of GSDP), Revenue Mobilisation (state’s own revenue as a share of GSDP and of total expenditure), Fiscal Prudence (gross fiscal deficit and revenue deficit as shares of GSDP), Debt Index (interest payments as a share of revenue receipts, and outstanding liabilities as a share of GSDP), and Debt Sustainability (difference between GSDP growth rate and growth rate of interest payments). Each major sub-indicator is based on the average of its normalised minor sub-indices, and the final FHI score is the average of the five major sub-indicator scores for each state.

PFS: RBI: Central Government Gross Fiscal Deficit as % of GDP: Next Fiscal Year: Minimum在2019-03达3.200 %，相较于2018-12的3.000 %有所增长。PFS: RBI: Central Government Gross Fiscal Deficit as % of GDP: Next Fiscal Year: Minimum数据按季度更新，2008-03至2019-03期间平均值为3.500 %，共44份观测结果。该数据的历史最高值出现于2009-03，达6.000 %，而历史最低值则出现于2017-12，为-3.200 %。CEIC提供的PFS: RBI: Central Government Gross Fiscal Deficit as % of GDP: Next Fiscal Year: Minimum数据处于定期更新的状态，数据来源于Reserve Bank of India，数据归类于India Premium Database的Business and Economic Survey – Table IN.SE008: Professional Forecasters Survey (PFS): Reserve Bank of India: Annual Forecasts: Central Government Gross Fiscal Deficit as % of GDP。

Current and historical data on Andhra Pradesh's sector-wise receipts and expenditure, debts and liabilities, and fiscal deficits.

In fiscal year 2024, the current account balance to GDP ratio in India was negative or running a deficit of more than 1.2 percent. The current account balance to GDP ratio was positive in fiscal year 2021, valuing to nearly one percent.

Outstanding Liabilities of the Central Government as a percentage of GDP is a critical indicator of a country’s fiscal health. It represents the total debt obligations of the central government, expressed as a proportion of the nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This measure provides insights into the government's borrowing burden relative to the economy's size. A high percentage indicates significant debt accumulation, which may lead to concerns about fiscal sustainability, interest payment burdens, and potential risks to economic stability. Conversely, a lower percentage suggests a manageable debt load, allowing more flexibility for government spending and investment. Factors influencing this ratio include fiscal deficits, borrowing strategies, economic growth, and interest rate fluctuations. Governments often manage their liabilities through prudent fiscal policies, economic reforms, and debt restructuring. Sustainable debt levels enable governments to finance infrastructure, welfare programs, and development projects without excessive dependence on external borrowing. However, if liabilities grow faster than GDP, it may lead to credit rating downgrades, higher borrowing costs, and macroeconomic instability. Regular monitoring of outstanding liabilities as a percentage of GDP helps policymakers assess fiscal risks and implement corrective measures to ensure long-term economic stability and growth.

Outstanding liabilities as a percentage of GDP serve as a cornerstone indicator for assessing a nation's fiscal sustainability and overall macroeconomic health. This ratio reveals how much the central government owes relative to the size of the economy, providing a clear picture of the country’s debt-carrying capacity. A high debt-to-GDP ratio raises red flags about the government's ability to service its debt without resorting to inflationary financing or spending cuts, potentially undermining investor confidence and leading to higher interest rates or credit downgrades. On the other hand, a moderate or declining ratio signals sound fiscal management, leaving more room for productive public spending on infrastructure, health, education, and social welfare. This indicator also reflects the cumulative impact of past fiscal deficits and borrowing decisions, making it a vital metric for long-term fiscal planning. It is closely watched by international financial institutions, credit rating agencies, and markets, as it influences a country’s sovereign risk profile. For a fast-growing economy like India, maintaining debt at sustainable levels is essential to attract foreign investment, support development goals, and safeguard macroeconomic stability. Thus, regular analysis of outstanding liabilities relative to GDP helps policymakers balance developmental spending with fiscal discipline—an essential step toward building a resilient and self-reliant economy.

Current and historical data on Karnataka's sector-wise receipts and expenditure, debts and liabilities, and fiscal deficits.

West Bengal: Revenue Account Surplus or Deficit data was reported at -319,516.677 INR mn in 2025. This records a decrease from the previous number of -282,528.289 INR mn for 2024. West Bengal: Revenue Account Surplus or Deficit data is updated yearly, averaging -91,489.700 INR mn from Mar 1991 (Median) to 2025, with 35 observations. The data reached an all-time high of -4,366.300 INR mn in 1993 and a record low of -320,002.933 INR mn in 2022. West Bengal: Revenue Account Surplus or Deficit data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Reserve Bank of India. The data is categorized under India Premium Database’s Government and Public Finance – Table IN.FF125: State Finances: At A Glance: West Bengal.