According to estimates, President Trump's proposals to impose universal tariffs as well as tariffs on Chinese, Canadian, and Mexican imports would considerably increase the average tariff rate. If Trump's proposals go into effect, it is estimated that the average tariff rate of all imports would almost triple, marking the highest rate in the United States since 1969.

President Trump's proposals to impose universal tariffs as well as tariffs on Chinese, Canadian, and Mexican imports would considerably increase the average tariff rate. It's estimated that, if put into effect, the average tariff rate including dutiable imports would reach almost 18 percent, up from two percent in 2024. Tariff rates are higher when dutiable imports are included because they refer only to goods that are actually subject to tariffs, rather than all imports. This skews the average tariff rate upward because it excludes duty-free goods. Trump's proposal for a universal 10 percent tariff on all imports would impose a flat tax on all imports, rather than just dutiable goods. This would result in a sharp increase in the overall tariff burden because previously duty-free goods would be taxed.

Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, all products (%) in China was reported at 5.36 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, all products - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products (%) in China was reported at 2.18 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

In 2024, Chinese exports of trade goods to the United States amounted to about 438.95 billion U.S. dollars; a significant increase from 1985 levels, when imports from China amounted to about 3.86 billion U.S. dollars. U.S. exports to China Compared to U.S. imports from China, the value of U.S. exports to China in 2020 amounted to 427.23billion U.S. dollars. China is the United States’ largest trading partner, while China was the United States third largest goods export market. Some of the leading exports to China in the agricultural sector included soybeans, cotton, and pork products. Texas was the leading state that exported to China in 2020 based on total value of goods exports, at 16.9 billion U.S. dollars. U.S. - China trade war The trade war between the United States and China is an economic conflict between two of the world’s largest national economies. It started in 2018 when U.S. President Donald Trump started putting tariffs and trade barriers on China, with the intent to get China to conform to Trump’s wishes. President Trump claimed that China has unfair trade businesses. As a result of this trade war, it has caused a lot of tension between the U.S. and China. Nearly half of American companies impacted by the U.S.-China trade tariffs said that the trade war increased their cost of manufacturing. The healthcare product industry has suffered the most from the trade war in regards to reduced profits.

Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, all products (%) in China was reported at 7.42 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Tariff rate, most favored nation, simple mean, all products - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on July of 2025.

Introduction

Tariffs are exerting a growing negative influence on the travel, tourism, and global supply chain sectors by driving up costs for both businesses and consumers. These added expenses often result in higher airfares, increased accommodation rates, and elevated overall travel budgets, making international tourism less attractive. For instance, airline operators facing higher import duties on fuel and aircraft components are forced to pass these costs onto passengers, which affects travel demand across borders.

The global tourism industry has demonstrated strong recovery momentum following the pandemic-era lockdowns, with demand for leisure and business travel rebounding across key markets. This upward trajectory is supported by increasing consumer confidence, greater digitalization in travel booking, and a renewed focus on experience-driven tourism.

Based on current growth patterns, global tourism spending is projected to surpass $2.9 trillion by 2035, marking a significant expansion from pre-pandemic levels. This long-term outlook is being bolstered by rising middle-class income in emerging markets, improved air connectivity, and supportive government policies aimed at rebuilding tourism ecosystems.

In the technology sector, companies like Apple have faced substantial financial impacts due to tariffs. Apple reported a $1.4 billion tariff hit, prompting the company to diversify its supply chain by shifting production from China to countries like India and Vietnam. This move aims to mitigate the effects of a 145% tariff on Chinese imports, which has significantly increased the cost of goods and affected pricing strategies.

This statistic shows the United States goods trade deficit with China from 2014 to 2024. In 2024, the value of U.S. imports from China exceeded the exports to China by around ***** billion U.S. dollars.

This data package includes the underlying data files to replicate the data, tables, and charts presented in Why Trump’s tariff proposals would harm working Americans, PIIE Policy Brief 24-1.

If you use the data, please cite as: Clausing, Kimberly, and Mary E. Lovely. 2024. Why Trump’s tariff proposals would harm working Americans. PIIE Policy Brief 24-1. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

The United States' total Imports in 2024 were valued at US$3.36 Trillion, according to the United Nations COMTRADE database on international trade. The United States' main import partners were: Mexico, China and Canada. The top three import commodities were: Machinery, nuclear reactors, boilers; Electrical, electronic equipment and Vehicles other than railway, tramway. Total Exports were valued at US$2.06 Trillion. In 2024, The United States had a trade deficit of US$1.29 Trillion.

With an export share of over 19 percent, the United States had been China's largest trade partner for years, until 2018, when the share fell significantly to 16.7 percent, after the U.S. president, Donald Trump, imposed a 200 percent tariff on goods from China. In 2024, the United States accounted for approximately 14.7 percent of Chinese exports, reaching their lowest level in the last decade.

In 2024, Mexico was the top trading partner of the United States based on import value. In that year, U.S. imports from Mexico totaled to 505.85 billion U.S. dollars. China and Canada rounded out the top three as these countries continue to enjoy a close trading relationship under the United States-Mexico-Canada trade agreement. Germany and Japan were also high on the list, both providing the U.S. with over 140 billion dollars worth of imports in 2024.

The U.S. goods trade deficit with China increased by nearly ** billion U.S. dollars in 2024, as China still had the biggest impact on U.S. bilateral trade. This is according to seasonally adjusted trade date from within the United States. Following the results of the U.S. elections in 2024, discussions surfaced on the potential of tariffs for countries that have a large trade surplus with the United States. The president-elect stated that trade tariffs of ** percent and ** percent might be implemented for goods from China or Mexico, respectively. The effects of such measures on the forecast GDP growth across the world were not yet clear. In Europe, however, Germany might be the most affected economy when the U.S. does implement tariffs.

Monthly import country-by-commodity data on the UK's trade in goods, including trade by all countries and selected commodities, non-seasonally adjusted.

The statistic shows the trade balance of goods (exports minus imports of goods) in Canada from 2013 to 2023. A positive value means a trade surplus, a negative trade balance means a trade deficit. In 2023, the trade deficit of goods in Canada amounted to about **** billion U.S. dollars. Trade with Canada Canada reported a trade surplus until 2009 when the country’s trade balance went negative for the first time in recent history. Its deficit was ignited at the height of the global recession, and the value of exports decreased significantly at that time. It is only now showing signs of a recovery. Meanwhile, while imports decreased during the recession as well, they bounced back faster than exports. Currently, Canada maintains neither a trade deficit nor a trade surplus as both imports and exports amount to around *** billion U.S. dollars worth of goods. Canada is hoping this will continue, and it is looking to lower tariffs on exports in order to further boost the economy and increase exports. Canada has a long and strong trading relationship with the United States - Canada’s southern neighbor is without a doubt its most important export and import partner. Overall, Canada maintains an export advantage over the United States; maintaining greater export flows than import flows. The U.S. dollar is also worth more than the Canadian dollar, favoring further exports from Canada. China and Mexico also import Canadian goods, but significantly less than the United States.

The United States imported approximately 14 billion U.S. dollars worth of solar PV modules between January and October 2024. Almost 40 percent of these solar panels imported into the U.S. during this period came from Vietnam. Solar import tariffs In 2012, the Obama administration implemented duties on solar equipment imported from China to counteract the competitive edge held by foreign companies. These levies were then expanded in 2015, leading to the gradual phase-out of Chinese solar imports. Since then, the U.S. solar market has heavily relied on equipment assembled in SE Asia. However, in April 2022, the U.S. Commerce Department launched an import-tariff-circumvention investigation, under the suspicion PV modules imported from these countries contained components made in China. In August 2023, the Commerce Department published its final conclusion, stating that a number of the investigated companies were violating U.S. laws. How is the solar market now? The price of solar PV modules in the United States has seen an overall decline since 2015, despite some fluctuations. During the same period, the number of solar energy-related jobs in the North American country has been on a mostly upward trend, reaching a record high of nearly 280,000 jobs in 2023. Altogether, the U.S. solar energy industry continues to prosper in spite of the import tariffs placed on this renewable energy source.

The United States imported about 4.8 million metric tons of aluminum for consumption in 2024. Meanwhile, the apparent consumption of aluminum totaled about 4.3 million metric tons. Canada is one of the largest aluminum exporters to the United States. A large majority of Canada’s primary aluminum is exported to the United States as an important part for the United States’ manufacturing industries. Aluminum consumption Aluminum, also spelled aluminium in British English, is one of the most consumed metals in the world. The demand for aluminum continues to grow as consumers turn to technological solutions for a variety of needs such as more efficient vehicles or sustainable packaging. Aluminum tariffs In 2018, a 10 percent tariff on aluminum imports into the United States was established under the Trade Expansion Act of 1962. In response, China imposed a 25 percent tariff on aluminum scrap imports from the United States. The United States lifted sanctions on one of the largest aluminum manufacturers in Russia, Russal, in 2019. China and Russia are two of the three largest producers of aluminum in the world.

Global Bulk Carrier Ships market size was $374.24 Billion in 2022 and it is forecasted to reach $412.36 Billion by 2030. Bulk Carrier Ships Industry's Compound Annual Growth Rate will be 4.4% from 2023 to 2030. Factors Impacting on Bulk Carrier Ships Market

Rise in international trading

Trading and transportation across the borders have dramatically increased over the past few decades. Moreover, recent couple of decades have seen mounted growth in world economy. This trade growth is an ultimate result of both technological advancements and reduction in trade barriers. Almost every country is aggressively promoting economic development which is driving world trade to significantly grow every year with an average growth of 6%. International trade allows countries to expand their markets by providing goods and services to other countries. It thus allows countries to extend their markets and get access to items and services that are otherwise be unavailable in their home country. International commerce also leads to the increasing competitiveness. This integration thus helps in raising living standards across the world. Import, export, and entrepot activities are used in international trade. Currently, technological innovation, increased need for a variety of items, and rising desire for authentic products are all driving up international commercial activity. Bulk carrier ships play vital role in supply chain by carrying cargo across oceans linking borders across the globe. It is one of the most cost-effective ways to transfer large amounts of commodities throughout the world. Shipping and seaborne trade have enabled the transition from a world of separated territories to a globally linked community. Hence surging international trade drives the growth of bulk carrier’s market across the globe.

Restraining Factor of Bulk Carrier Ships market

Volatility in transportation cost and tensions in trade across borders may hamper the growth of market Volatility in the prices of fuels impacts pricing of the goods. Further, in case of global rise in the tariffs, high import prices hamper firm's production costs as well as purchasing power of customers. Further, stringent regulations, such as tracking orders, meeting promised timeline, determining liabilities, etc. associated with shipping goods across borders may hinder the growth of market. Moreover, unstable political parameters of any particular country also hamper the cargo shipping market. For instance, Russia-Ukraine war has impacted the shipping industry owing to the rise in the oil prices. Furthermore, ongoing U.S.-China tariff stand-off is also threatening trading across the borders. Hence, geopolitical crisis somehow hinders the growth of bulk carriers ships market.

Current Trends on Bulk Carrier Ships

Technological Improvement

Demand for coal, ores and cement has increased owing to the liberalization in global trade. This demand will keep on increasing and to meet the growing demand, developments have been made to offer solutions that can enable reduction in the transportation cost. Moreover, rise in the environment concern is aiming to reduce the impact of CO2 emissions from ships on marine culture by reducing the fuel consumption. Hence, new regulations have made in designing smaller ship size bulk carrier ship with engines meeting the demand for lower rpm in order to obtain an optimum ship design with highly efficient large propellers.

What is the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Bulk Carrier Ships Market?

Advent of COVID-19 in year 2020 has plunged international trade due to the reduction in production and distribution of goods. Initial period of pandemic has resulted in the double-digit decline of revenue from bulk carrier ship market. However, the second half of pandemic global trade started recovering at relatively faster pace facilitating a V-shaped graph. What are Bulk Carrier Ships?

Carrier ships are the integral link between the production and its consumption all across the globe. It thus plays very crucial part in connecting global economy. It has been estimated that almost 80% of global goods gets transported across oceans via ships. Though air freight is less time consuming, but the cost associated with it is too high in comparison to carrier ships. Further, carrier shipping allows heavy loads, as well as hazardous materials which brings flexibility in tra...

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Freight Forwarding Market Size 2025-2029

The freight forwarding market size is forecast to increase by USD 51.62 billion at a CAGR of 4.1% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing international trade, which has led to a rise in demand for efficient and cost-effective logistics solutions. This trend is further bolstered by the adoption of advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) in freight forwarding, enabling real-time tracking, predictive analytics, and automation of various processes. However, the market faces challenges in the form of escalating fuel and transportation costs, which can significantly impact the profitability of freight forwarding companies.
To capitalize on the market opportunities and navigate these challenges effectively, companies must focus on optimizing their operations through technology integration, strategic partnerships, and cost management initiatives. Additionally, offering value-added services such as customs clearance, warehousing, and supply chain consulting can help differentiate businesses and attract customers in a highly competitive landscape. Information technology plays a crucial role in streamlining logistics processes, including shipping schedules and documentation, for both freight forwarders, Sea freight, and shippers.

What will be the Size of the Freight Forwarding Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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In the dynamic world of freight forwarding, meeting shipping requirements is crucial for successful trade in the global market. Information technology plays a pivotal role in streamlining the process, enabling real-time tracking and efficient communication between parties. Negotiating tariffs and adhering to customs regulations are essential aspects of the industry, ensuring the transfer of goods in good condition. Best practices in freight forwarding include thorough documentation, effective communication, and adherence to industry standards.

Navigating the complexities of global trade requires a deep understanding of the latest trends and regulations. By staying informed and adhering to best practices, freight forwarders can ensure the smooth and timely transfer of goods, ultimately contributing to the success of their clients' businesses. Freight forwarders serve as intermediaries between shippers and logistics companies, managing the transportation of goods from their origin to the final destination.

How is this Freight Forwarding Industry segmented?

The freight forwarding industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Mode Of Transportation

  Land freight
  Ocean freight
  Air freight


Application

  Industrial and manufacturing
  Retail and E-commerce
  Food and beverages
  Healthcare
  Others


Service Type

  Transportation and warehousing
  Value-added services


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    UK


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan
    South Korea


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Mode Of Transportation Insights

The land freight segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The land freight segment, encompassing both road and rail transportation, is a crucial component of the global freight forwarding market. This segment plays a pivotal role in facilitating the movement of goods over land, supporting both domestic and international trade.Road freightThe road freight segment is dynamic and vital, involving the transportation of goods via trucks, trailers, and other road vehicles. It serves as a primary mode of transport for a wide range of commodities, including manufactured goods, consumer products, and raw materials. One of the key attributes of road freight forwarding is its flexibility and last-mile connectivity. Road transports ability to reach remote locations and access points unattainable by other modes of transport provides a competitive edge for timely and efficient deliveries.

The ocean freight segment is a vital part of the global freight forwarding market, enabling the transportation of goods via sea routes on a global scale. This segment includes a variety of services such as booking cargo space, managing documentation, coordinating shipments, and navigating customs procedures, all of which are essential for the smooth operation of international trade.One of the primary advantages of ocean freight forwarding is its cost-effectiveness and efficiency in transporting large volumes of goods over

Techsalerator’s Import/Export Trade Data for Asia

Techsalerator’s Import/Export Trade Data for Asia offers a comprehensive and detailed examination of trade activities across the Asian continent. This extensive dataset provides deep insights into import and export transactions involving companies across various sectors throughout Asia.

Coverage Across All Asian Countries

The dataset encompasses a broad range of countries within Asia, including:

Central Asia:

Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan East Asia:

China Hong Kong Japan Mongolia North Korea South Korea Taiwan Southeast Asia:

Brunei Cambodia East Timor (Timor-Leste) Indonesia Laos Malaysia Myanmar (Burma) Philippines Singapore Thailand Vietnam South Asia:

Afghanistan Bangladesh Bhutan India Maldives Nepal Pakistan Sri Lanka West Asia (Middle East):

Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Cyprus Georgia Iran Iraq Israel Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia Syria Turkey United Arab Emirates Yemen Comprehensive Data Features

Transaction Details: The dataset includes detailed information on individual trade transactions, such as product descriptions, quantities, values, and dates. This level of detail allows for accurate tracking and analysis of trade patterns across Asia.

Company Information: It provides insights into the companies involved in trade, including their names, locations, and industry sectors. This information supports targeted market analysis and competitive intelligence.

Categorization: Transactions are categorized by industry sectors, product types, and trade partners, helping users understand market dynamics and sector-specific trends across diverse Asian economies.

Trade Trends: Historical data is available to analyze trade trends, identify emerging markets, and assess the impact of economic or geopolitical events on trade flows within the region.

Geographical Insights: Users can explore regional trade flows and cross-border dynamics between Asian countries and their global trade partners, including major trading nations outside the continent.

Regulatory and Compliance Data: Information on trade regulations, tariffs, and compliance requirements is included, assisting businesses in navigating the complex regulatory environments across different Asian countries.

Applications and Benefits

Market Research: Businesses can use the data to identify new market opportunities, assess competitive landscapes, and understand consumer demand across various Asian countries.

Strategic Planning: Companies can leverage insights from the data to refine trade strategies, optimize supply chains, and manage risks associated with international trade in Asia.

Economic Analysis: Analysts and policymakers can monitor economic performance, evaluate trade balances, and make informed decisions on trade policies and economic development initiatives.

Investment Decisions: Investors can assess trade trends and market potentials to make informed decisions about investments in Asia’s diverse and rapidly evolving markets.

Techsalerator’s Import/Export Trade Data for Asia provides a vital resource for organizations involved in international trade, offering a detailed, reliable, and expansive view of trade activities across the Asian continent.