China tariff rates for 2021 was 2.31%, a 0.16% decline from 2020.

<ul style='margin-top:20px;'>

<li>China tariff rates for 2020 was <strong>2.47%</strong>, a <strong>0.06% decline</strong> from 2019.</li>
<li>China tariff rates for 2019 was <strong>2.53%</strong>, a <strong>0.86% decline</strong> from 2018.</li>
<li>China tariff rates for 2018 was <strong>3.39%</strong>, a <strong>0.44% decline</strong> from 2017.</li>
</ul>Weighted mean applied tariff is the average of effectively applied rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups and import weights. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of weighted mean tariffs. Import weights were calculated using the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead.

Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, all products (%) in China was reported at 5.36 % in 2022, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. China - Tariff rate, applied, simple mean, all products - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on May of 2025.

According to estimates, President Trump's proposals to impose universal tariffs as well as tariffs on Chinese, Canadian, and Mexican imports would considerably increase the average tariff rate. If Trump's proposals go into effect, it is estimated that the average tariff rate of all imports would almost triple, marking the highest rate in the United States since 1969.

President Trump's proposals to impose universal tariffs as well as tariffs on Chinese, Canadian, and Mexican imports would considerably increase the average tariff rate. It's estimated that, if put into effect, the average tariff rate including dutiable imports would reach almost 18 percent, up from two percent in 2024. Tariff rates are higher when dutiable imports are included because they refer only to goods that are actually subject to tariffs, rather than all imports. This skews the average tariff rate upward because it excludes duty-free goods. Trump's proposal for a universal 10 percent tariff on all imports would impose a flat tax on all imports, rather than just dutiable goods. This would result in a sharp increase in the overall tariff burden because previously duty-free goods would be taxed.

Hong Kong HK: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: Manufactured Products data was reported at 0.000 % in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 2015. Hong Kong HK: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: Manufactured Products data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 % from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2016, with 22 observations. Hong Kong HK: Tariff Rate: Applied: Simple Mean: Manufactured Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong – Table HK.World Bank: Trade Tariffs. Simple mean applied tariff is the unweighted average of effectively applied rates for all products subject to tariffs calculated for all traded goods. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of simple mean tariffs. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.; ; World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database and the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Integrated Data Base (IDB) and Consolidated Tariff Schedules (CTS) database.; ;

In 2024, Chinese exports of trade goods to the United States amounted to about 438.95 billion U.S. dollars; a significant increase from 1985 levels, when imports from China amounted to about 3.86 billion U.S. dollars. U.S. exports to China Compared to U.S. imports from China, the value of U.S. exports to China in 2020 amounted to 427.23billion U.S. dollars. China is the United States’ largest trading partner, while China was the United States third largest goods export market. Some of the leading exports to China in the agricultural sector included soybeans, cotton, and pork products. Texas was the leading state that exported to China in 2020 based on total value of goods exports, at 16.9 billion U.S. dollars. U.S. - China trade war The trade war between the United States and China is an economic conflict between two of the world’s largest national economies. It started in 2018 when U.S. President Donald Trump started putting tariffs and trade barriers on China, with the intent to get China to conform to Trump’s wishes. President Trump claimed that China has unfair trade businesses. As a result of this trade war, it has caused a lot of tension between the U.S. and China. Nearly half of American companies impacted by the U.S.-China trade tariffs said that the trade war increased their cost of manufacturing. The healthcare product industry has suffered the most from the trade war in regards to reduced profits.

Macau MO: Tariff Rate: Applied: Weighted Mean: All Products data was reported at 0.000 % in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 2015. Macau MO: Tariff Rate: Applied: Weighted Mean: All Products data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 % from Dec 1996 (Median) to 2016, with 21 observations. Macau MO: Tariff Rate: Applied: Weighted Mean: All Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Macau – Table MO.World Bank: Trade Tariffs. Weighted mean applied tariff is the average of effectively applied rates weighted by the product import shares corresponding to each partner country. Data are classified using the Harmonized System of trade at the six- or eight-digit level. Tariff line data were matched to Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) revision 3 codes to define commodity groups and import weights. To the extent possible, specific rates have been converted to their ad valorem equivalent rates and have been included in the calculation of weighted mean tariffs. Import weights were calculated using the United Nations Statistics Division's Commodity Trade (Comtrade) database. Effectively applied tariff rates at the six- and eight-digit product level are averaged for products in each commodity group. When the effectively applied rate is unavailable, the most favored nation rate is used instead.; ; World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database and the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Integrated Data Base (IDB) and Consolidated Tariff Schedules (CTS) database.; ;

Introduction

Tariffs are exerting a growing negative influence on the travel, tourism, and global supply chain sectors by driving up costs for both businesses and consumers. These added expenses often result in higher airfares, increased accommodation rates, and elevated overall travel budgets, making international tourism less attractive. For instance, airline operators facing higher import duties on fuel and aircraft components are forced to pass these costs onto passengers, which affects travel demand across borders.

The global tourism industry has demonstrated strong recovery momentum following the pandemic-era lockdowns, with demand for leisure and business travel rebounding across key markets. This upward trajectory is supported by increasing consumer confidence, greater digitalization in travel booking, and a renewed focus on experience-driven tourism.

Based on current growth patterns, global tourism spending is projected to surpass $2.9 trillion by 2035, marking a significant expansion from pre-pandemic levels. This long-term outlook is being bolstered by rising middle-class income in emerging markets, improved air connectivity, and supportive government policies aimed at rebuilding tourism ecosystems.

In the technology sector, companies like Apple have faced substantial financial impacts due to tariffs. Apple reported a $1.4 billion tariff hit, prompting the company to diversify its supply chain by shifting production from China to countries like India and Vietnam. This move aims to mitigate the effects of a 145% tariff on Chinese imports, which has significantly increased the cost of goods and affected pricing strategies.

This statistic shows the United States goods trade deficit with China from 2014 to 2024. In 2024, the value of U.S. imports from China exceeded the exports to China by around 295.4 billion U.S. dollars.

Imports in China increased to 369.43 USD Billion in February from 230.79 USD Billion in December of 2024. This dataset provides - China Imports - actual values, historical data, forecast, chart, statistics, economic calendar and news.

This data package includes the underlying data files to replicate the data, tables, and charts presented in Why Trump’s tariff proposals would harm working Americans, PIIE Policy Brief 24-1.

If you use the data, please cite as: Clausing, Kimberly, and Mary E. Lovely. 2024. Why Trump’s tariff proposals would harm working Americans. PIIE Policy Brief 24-1. Washington, DC: Peterson Institute for International Economics.

100070 Global import shipment records of Tariff Of with prices, volume & current Buyer's suppliers relationships based on actual Global export trade database.

Global Bulk Carrier Ships market size was $374.24 Billion in 2022 and it is forecasted to reach $412.36 Billion by 2030. Bulk Carrier Ships Industry's Compound Annual Growth Rate will be 4.4% from 2023 to 2030. Factors Impacting on Bulk Carrier Ships Market

Rise in international trading

Trading and transportation across the borders have dramatically increased over the past few decades. Moreover, recent couple of decades have seen mounted growth in world economy. This trade growth is an ultimate result of both technological advancements and reduction in trade barriers. Almost every country is aggressively promoting economic development which is driving world trade to significantly grow every year with an average growth of 6%. International trade allows countries to expand their markets by providing goods and services to other countries. It thus allows countries to extend their markets and get access to items and services that are otherwise be unavailable in their home country. International commerce also leads to the increasing competitiveness. This integration thus helps in raising living standards across the world. Import, export, and entrepot activities are used in international trade. Currently, technological innovation, increased need for a variety of items, and rising desire for authentic products are all driving up international commercial activity. Bulk carrier ships play vital role in supply chain by carrying cargo across oceans linking borders across the globe. It is one of the most cost-effective ways to transfer large amounts of commodities throughout the world. Shipping and seaborne trade have enabled the transition from a world of separated territories to a globally linked community. Hence surging international trade drives the growth of bulk carrier’s market across the globe.

Restraining Factor of Bulk Carrier Ships market

Volatility in transportation cost and tensions in trade across borders may hamper the growth of market Volatility in the prices of fuels impacts pricing of the goods. Further, in case of global rise in the tariffs, high import prices hamper firm's production costs as well as purchasing power of customers. Further, stringent regulations, such as tracking orders, meeting promised timeline, determining liabilities, etc. associated with shipping goods across borders may hinder the growth of market. Moreover, unstable political parameters of any particular country also hamper the cargo shipping market. For instance, Russia-Ukraine war has impacted the shipping industry owing to the rise in the oil prices. Furthermore, ongoing U.S.-China tariff stand-off is also threatening trading across the borders. Hence, geopolitical crisis somehow hinders the growth of bulk carriers ships market.

Current Trends on Bulk Carrier Ships

Technological Improvement

Demand for coal, ores and cement has increased owing to the liberalization in global trade. This demand will keep on increasing and to meet the growing demand, developments have been made to offer solutions that can enable reduction in the transportation cost. Moreover, rise in the environment concern is aiming to reduce the impact of CO2 emissions from ships on marine culture by reducing the fuel consumption. Hence, new regulations have made in designing smaller ship size bulk carrier ship with engines meeting the demand for lower rpm in order to obtain an optimum ship design with highly efficient large propellers.

What is the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Bulk Carrier Ships Market?

Advent of COVID-19 in year 2020 has plunged international trade due to the reduction in production and distribution of goods. Initial period of pandemic has resulted in the double-digit decline of revenue from bulk carrier ship market. However, the second half of pandemic global trade started recovering at relatively faster pace facilitating a V-shaped graph. What are Bulk Carrier Ships?

Carrier ships are the integral link between the production and its consumption all across the globe. It thus plays very crucial part in connecting global economy. It has been estimated that almost 80% of global goods gets transported across oceans via ships. Though air freight is less time consuming, but the cost associated with it is too high in comparison to carrier ships. Further, carrier shipping allows heavy loads, as well as hazardous materials which brings flexibility in tra...

Introduction

The global semiconductor industry is currently facing significant challenges due to the imposition of tariffs, which have disrupted supply chains and increased production costs. These tariffs, particularly those introduced by the U.S. administration, have led to a reevaluation of manufacturing strategies across the sector. In 2025, the United States imposed tariffs of up to 145% on Chinese semiconductor imports, prompting retaliatory tariffs of 125% from China. These measures have significantly strained the global semiconductor supply chain, leading to increased costs and uncertainties for manufacturers and consumers alike.

For instance, Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) has projected a revenue impact of $1.5 billion in 2025 due to new U.S. export restrictions on advanced AI chip shipments to China, a market that accounts for over 24% of AMD's revenue. Similarly, the German chip-equipment maker Suss MicroTec has warned that new U.S. tariffs could severely disrupt global semiconductor supply chains and potentially trigger a worldwide recession. These developments underscore the far-reaching implications of trade policies on the semiconductor industry, affecting not only corporate revenues but also the broader global economy.

Around 30% of businesses are currently adopting a wait-and-watch approach toward the ongoing uncertainty surrounding semiconductor tariffs. This cautious stance reflects growing concerns over supply chain unpredictability. In contrast, before the introduction of the Trump-era tariffs, nearly 61% of companies had already started reshaping their procurement strategies, actively exploring alternative suppliers. This shift was largely driven by heightened geopolitical tensions, evolving global trade policies, and new market barriers, all of which increased the complexity of international semiconductor trade. Businesses now demand greater transparency to make informed decisions in this rapidly changing environment.

Hong Kong HK: Share of Tariff Lines with Specific Rates: Manufactured Products data was reported at 0.000 % in 2016. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 % for 2015. Hong Kong HK: Share of Tariff Lines with Specific Rates: Manufactured Products data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 % from Dec 1988 (Median) to 2016, with 22 observations. Hong Kong HK: Share of Tariff Lines with Specific Rates: Manufactured Products data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by World Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Hong Kong – Table HK.World Bank: Trade Tariffs. Share of tariff lines with specific rates is the share of lines in the tariff schedule that are set on a per unit basis or that combine ad valorem and per unit rates. It shows the extent to which countries use tariffs based on physical quantities or other, non-ad valorem measures. Manufactured products are commodities classified in SITC revision 3 sections 5-8 excluding division 68.; ; World Bank staff estimates using the World Integrated Trade Solution system, based on data from United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's Trade Analysis and Information System (TRAINS) database.; ;

This data package includes the underlying data and files to replicate the calculations, charts, and tables presented in The US–China trade war and phase one agreement, PIIE Working Paper 21-2.

If you use the data, please cite as: Bown, Chad P. (2021). The US–China trade war and phase one agreement. PIIE Working Paper 21-2. Peterson Institute for International Economics.

The market situation in the industry has presented a number of challenges for industry players over the past five years. In addition to volatile metal commodity prices, trade tensions between the USA, China and the European Union have characterised the industry's development. In particular, it was the USA that made exports to the USA less attractive, or more precisely more expensive, for German trading companies with the import tariffs it imposed on European steel and aluminium of up to 25%. The coronavirus pandemic and the war in Ukraine also had a negative impact on production in customer industries such as the automotive industry. The sharp rise in commodity prices in 2021 also led to higher turnover in wholesale. Industry turnover rose by an average of 1.9% per year from 2019 to 2024. In the current year, industry turnover is expected to total 91 billion euros. This corresponds to growth of 0.2% compared to the previous year. The industry's sales growth is likely to be slowed by subdued customer markets in the current year. In particular, the ongoing slowdown in the construction industry is currently contributing to low growth in metal wholesale.In the next five years, turnover in the industry is expected to increase by an average of 2.4% per year to an estimated 102.3 billion euros in 2029. The trend towards electromobility and the increase in lightweight construction in the automotive industry are likely to boost demand for aluminium and copper. Demand for steel in China is likely to pick up again due to the strong growth in the construction industry there, as in Germany, and the automotive industry is also likely to have a high demand for products from the sector due to the continued high demand for vehicles with combustion engines. Trade tensions are likely to persist and affect the future development of the industry.

The statistic shows the trade balance of goods (exports minus imports of goods) in Canada from 2013 to 2023. A positive value means a trade surplus, a negative trade balance means a trade deficit. In 2023, the trade deficit of goods in Canada amounted to about 1.55 billion U.S. dollars. Trade with Canada Canada reported a trade surplus until 2009 when the country’s trade balance went negative for the first time in recent history. Its deficit was ignited at the height of the global recession, and the value of exports decreased significantly at that time. It is only now showing signs of a recovery. Meanwhile, while imports decreased during the recession as well, they bounced back faster than exports. Currently, Canada maintains neither a trade deficit nor a trade surplus as both imports and exports amount to around 475 billion U.S. dollars worth of goods. Canada is hoping this will continue and it is looking to lower tariffs on exports in order to further boost the economy and increase exports. Canada has long and strong trading relationship with the United States - Canada’s southern neighbor is without a doubt its most important export and import partner. Overall Canada maintains an export advantage over the United States; maintaining greater export flows than import flows. The U.S. dollar is also worth more than the Canadian dollar, favoring further exports from Canada. China and Mexico also import Canadian goods, but significantly less than the United States.

China is the world’s largest renewable energy installer with a capacity of 1020 gigawatts in 2021. This study aims to analyze the public discourse around China’s green energy and green technology and the paths to sustainable development by comparing public policy. The public discourse analysis approach and Grey Prediction Model are applied to analyze the motives for the distinct inferences being reached over the influences of renewable energy initiatives (REIs). The findings show that the modeling and assumptions are found different in theoretical perspectives, especially in the case of economic and environmental sustainability. The results are close to the other jurisdictions following REIs, including feed-in-tariff, standards and renewable liabilities. Based on statistics during 2012–2021 Five-year plan period, three major renewables are forecasted under base, reference and aggressive scenarios with interesting results. The wind would rise by 109 terawatt hours in an aggressive scenario while solar will rise from 83–99% with a rise of four times in the next decade. Finally, China’s current energy policy has been proven to be a series of effective public policies by making the discourse analysis, which can energetically widen the subsidy funds’ sources, discover miscellaneous financing techniques, standardized the subsidy process, supervise in applying the renewable energy technologies, and enhance the feed-in-tariff attraction of consumers and private investors.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Strontium market size will be USD 251.8 million in 2025. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.50% from 2025 to 2033.

North America held the major market share for more than 40% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 93.17 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.3% from 2025 to 2033.
Europe accounted for a market share of over 30% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 73.02 million.
APAC held a market share of around 23% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 60.43 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.5% from 2025 to 2033.
South America has a market share of more than 5% of the global revenue with a market size of USD 9.57 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.5% from 2025 to 2033.
Middle East had a market share of around 2% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 10.07 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5.8% from 2025 to 2033.
Africa had a market share of around 1% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD 5.54 million in 2025 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.2% from 2025 to 2033.
Strontium nitrate is the fastest-growing segment of the global strontium market

Market Dynamics of Strontium Market

Key Drivers for Strontium Market

Increased Demand in Pyrotechnics and Fireworks Boost Market Growth

The use of strontium chloride in pyrotechnics and fireworks is a major source of market growth. Strontium chloride, which produces bright red flames, is widely used in fireworks displays and celebrations around the world. Countries with strong pyrotechnic traditions, such as China and India, experience high demand, particularly during major festivals and national holidays. For instance, the Indian government reported a 20% increase in firework sales during Diwali over the last five years, indicating a consistent demand for products containing strontium compounds. This demand is expected to continue and grow as these countries maintain cultural traditions centered on fireworks.

Growing Applications in the Healthcare Industry Boost Market Growth

Strontium chloride is becoming more widely used in the healthcare industry, particularly in dental products. Strontium chloride is a common active ingredient in desensitizing toothpastes, which helps to reduce tooth sensitivity by blocking the tubules that connect to dental nerves. Several companies, including major oral care brands, are incorporating strontium chloride into their formulations to meet the growing consumer demand for effective dental care products. According to a survey by the American Dental Association, 40% of adults report dental sensitivity, indicating a strong potential for continued growth in this application area as consumers seek tailored solutions.

Restraint Factor for the Strontium Market

Fluctuating Raw Material Prices Limit Market Growth

The strontium chloride market is facing challenges due to fluctuations in raw material prices. Strontium is a rare element that is commonly obtained from small deposits, primarily in China and Mexico. Price volatility in these regions has an impact on the overall production costs of strontium chloride, reducing manufacturers' profit margins. Geopolitical issues and trade restrictions can further disrupt supply chains, resulting in inconsistent material availability. According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), supply constraints for rare earth elements such as strontium are likely to persist, potentially causing market instability and increasing production costs

Impact of Trump Tariffs on the Strontium Market

Tariff-induced increases in import costs have significant implications for strontium-dependent manufacturers in the United States. Because the United States relies heavily on imports from countries such as China and Mexico, the imposition of these tariffs has increased costs for manufacturers. This cost increase affects a variety of industries that use strontium in their products, including pyrotechnics, ceramics, and electronics

Tariffs have disrupted established supply chains, causing delays and shortages. Manufacturers are compelled to seek alternative sources, which may not match the quality or cost-effectiveness of previous...