While it is very common for Congressional researchers to use interest group ratings as measures of legislator policy preferences, this paper argues that the manner in which such ratings are calculated implies that they may poorly approximate the underlying legislator preferences on which they are based. In light of this, the paper develops a technique designed to adjust interest group ratings so that they more closely correlate with legislator preferences. It argues based on Monte Carlo simulations that the technique produces adjusted ratings that improve on unadjusted ratings, and it applies the adjustment technique to historical ratings published by the Americans for Democratic Action.

Disposable income decile group boundaries by number of households (since 1976)

*: Using t'-test when equal variances were not assumed.Abbreviations: M: men; W: women; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; BMI: body mass index; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; SD: standard deviation.The comparison of traditional risk factors between genders (mean ± SD).

Note: The second model, M2, consists of only SVM model for the low-CA125 group, and no additional models for the high-CA125 group. The 4 marker set used in model 2 includes 16∶0, 18∶1 PPE, 15∶0 LPC, 18∶2 LPA, and 18∶0, 22∶6 PPE.

an = 717.bn = 732.

Reduced moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and increased sedentary behavior (SB) are common following stroke, which can limit stroke recovery and contribute to greater cognitive decline. Hence, the MVPA and SB of adults with stroke should be measured concurrently using objective methods. One currently available method for objectively measuring MVPA and SB is the MotionWatch8© (MW8). However, adults with stroke can have significant mobility restrictions (depending on stroke severity) and thus it is important to determine separate MVPA and SB cut-points for adults with stroke, as well as validate separate cut-points: (1) when the MW8 is worn on the stroke affected side compared to the non-affected side; and (2) for adults with mild stroke versus adults with moderate-to-severe stroke. In the current study, we concurrently measured MW8 actigraphy (worn on both the stroke affected side and the non-affected side) and indirect calorimetry during 10 different activities of daily living for 43 adults with stroke (aged 55–87 years). Using intra-class correlations (ICC), we first investigated the agreement of the MW8 when placed on the affected side as compared to the non-affected side for: (1) all participants irrespective of stroke severity; (2) participants with mild stroke, classified as a Fugl Meyer motor score of ≥79/100; and (3) participants with moderate-to-severe stroke (i.e., Fugl Meyer < 79/100). We then determined cut-points for all participants—as well as separate cut-points based on stroke severity—on both the stroke affected side and non-affected side for SB and MVPA using receiver operating characteristic curves. The results of our analyses indicate that the agreement in MW8 output between the stroke affected and non-affected sides was moderate across all participants (ICC = 0.67), as well as for each sub-group (mild stroke: ICC = 0.64; moderate-to-severe stroke: ICC = 0.77). Additionally, the results of our cut-point analyses support using different cut-points for different levels of stroke severity and also for the stroke affected side. We determined the following cut-points: (1) for the affected side, adults with mild stroke have cut-points of SB ≤134 counts per minute (CPM) and MVPA ≥704 CPM, while adults with moderate-to-severe stroke have cut-points of SB ≤281 CPM and MVPA ≥468 CPM; and (2) the non-affected side, adults with mild stroke have cut-points of SB ≤162 CPM and MVPA ≥661 CPM, while adults with moderate-to-severe stroke have cut-points of SB ≤281 CPM and MVPA ≥738 CPM. Hence, these data provide a new measure for concurrently examining the dynamic relationships between MVPA and SB among adults with stroke.

Derived from mRNA profiling data using the Almac Lung Cancer-DSA microarray (1,030 selected genes) [11]. FDR was calculated across 1,030 genes for each endpoint and biomarker type.Abbreviations: FDR, False Discovery Rate; HR, hazard ratio; IL, interleukin; mRNA, messenger ribonucleic acid; N, number of patients; NKX2-1, NK2 homeobox 1; nsNSCLC, non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; TTF-1, transcription factor 1.Cox regression analyses of association between gene expression (high versus low expression; cutpoint: median) and PFS and OS (N = 51 patients with nsNSCLC).

Cut points for the total COCI groups are tertiles.

This study aimed to replicate findings on sensitivity groups, their proportions, and cut-off scores in a South Korean population. Uniquely, it extended the age range to include participants up to 80 years old, representing the first attempt to validate these constructs across such a broad age spectrum in this cultural context. A total of 1773 South Koreans in their 20s to 80s participated in the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS) questionnaire survey, conducted to establish a cut-off score to be used more conveniently in real-world scenarios. The results showed that 22.0%, 45.3%, and 32.7% belonged to the low-, medium-, and high-sensitivity groups, respectively. The average item scores of 3.81 and 4.73 served as cut-off points distinguishing low- from medium-sensitivity and medium- from high-sensitivity groups, respectively. This study represents applied research on the use of HSPS. Research on HSPS cut-off scores considering cultural or demographic characteristics is still in its early stages, and accumulating data through various surveys is key for in-depth comparative analyses.