In 2023, *** cases of cybercrime were reported in Finland. Between 2018 and 2023, the highest figure was registered in 2020. That year, a total of ***** cases of cybercrime were reported in the country.

As of 2021, representatives of Finnish SMEs were mostly concerned about viruses, spyware or malware when it came to online risks. At the same time, ** percent of the respondents had concerns about the hacking (or attempts to hack) online bank accounts, and phishing, account takeover or impersonation attacks.

This survey is part of a series of cross-sectional online polls that begin in 2019. The questions focus on three main areas: cyber offending, cyber victimization, and criminology. Demographic and other computer-use questions are also included.The current 2022 sample here includes three separate samples. These include the U.S. sample (English), the Hungarian sample (Hungarian), and the Finnish sample (Finnish). Separate Surveys and sample variables are included.

Most of the interviewed Finns (** percent) , as of 2019, agreed with the statement that the risk of becoming a victim of cybercrime was increasing. In contrast, **** percent disagreed and did not believe that the risk was increasing.

According to the findings of a survey carried out in 2021, Phishing, account takeover or impersonation attacks were the most common type of cybercrime reported by Finnish SMEs. During the same year, ** percent of the surveyed enterprises experienced viruses, spyware or malware (excluding ransomware).

The Finland cyber liability insurance market, while currently experiencing moderate growth, is poised for expansion over the next decade. The 2.00% CAGR from 2019-2024 suggests a steadily increasing awareness of cyber risks among Finnish businesses across various sectors. The market segmentation reveals a strong presence in Banking & Financial Services, IT & Telecom, and Healthcare, which are highly susceptible to data breaches and cyberattacks. The relatively high penetration in these sectors, coupled with the increasing digitalization of retail and other industries, indicates further growth potential. The availability of packaged and standalone policies offers flexibility, catering to diverse risk profiles and budgetary constraints. Leading insurers like AXA, Allianz, AIG, Aon plc, OP Insurance, LocalTapiola, If Insurance, and Dual Finland are actively shaping the market, indicating a competitive landscape with a focus on innovation and product development. The market size in 2025 is estimated based on a conservative projection considering the historical CAGR and projected economic growth in Finland. While specific figures are not provided, reasonable estimations based on European market averages and the Finnish economy's robust digital infrastructure would suggest a market value in the tens of millions of Euros. The continued growth is expected to be driven by stricter data protection regulations, rising cybercrime rates, and increasing awareness of the potential financial and reputational damage from cyber incidents. Growth in the coming years will likely be influenced by several factors. The ongoing evolution of cyber threats necessitates continuous innovation in insurance product offerings. Insurers are likely to focus on developing more sophisticated and comprehensive coverage options, including incident response services and advanced threat detection capabilities. Furthermore, government initiatives promoting cybersecurity awareness and improved data protection frameworks will likely stimulate demand for cyber liability insurance. However, constraints may include high premiums for high-risk sectors, particularly for smaller businesses with limited cybersecurity resources. Market education regarding the importance and cost-effectiveness of cyber insurance remains a crucial factor for future growth. The market's expansion will be largely influenced by the ability of insurance providers to adapt to evolving threats and provide tailored solutions for different industry segments. Recent developments include: August 2019, Finland's National Bureau of Investigations (NBI) has joined forces with the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) to investigate a series of significant cyber-attacks against state-run public services websites in the country. They aim to increase expertise and capability to defend Finland's critical IT infrastructure.. Notable trends are: Finland Offers Expertise in Cybersecurity Software, Hardware, Digital Services and Partnerships.

The majority (** percent) of the Finns who took part in a survey conducted in 2019 stated that they felt able to protect themselves sufficiently against cybercrime. ** percent of the respondents stated that they did not feel able to do so.

The study charted Finnish views on democracy, society and safety. The public opinion survey was part of the "Fate of Democracy" project led by think tank Magma. The study contained attitudinal statements that the respondents were asked to evaluate on a scale ranging from "Strongly agree" to "Strongly disagree". The themes of the survey included safety, Finland's EU membership, multiculturalism and minorities, and trust in democracy and traditional media. First, the respondents' opinions regarding elections and the functionality of democracy were charted with questions pertaining to issues such as whether voters in parliamentary elections can truly impact politics, and if Finnish matters would be tended to better if decision-making was left to independent experts instead of politicians and citizens. It was also asked if the ability to make citizens' initiatives had improved democracy in Finland. Some questions pertained to cyber threats, terrorism and Russia, as well as the extent of the respondents' trust in "traditional" media rather than social media, for instance. The study also canvassed attitudes with regard to foreign and security policy, e.g. with questions concerning Nordic cooperation, NATO and the European Union. The final questions covered matters related to multiculturalism, corruption, language policy, and safety, and the respondents' attitudes toward immigrants and asylum seekers were examined. Background variables included gender, age, education level and type of municipality of residence.

As of 2019, ** percent of Finns were very concerned about encountering child sexual abuse material online. This was a decrease of ** percent compared to the previous survey results. Over ** percent of respondents stated that they were fairly concerned, while ** percent did not worry so much about the possibility of encountering such content.

The study charted Swedish-speaking Finns' views on democracy, society and safety in Finland. The public opinion survey was part of the "Fate of Democracy" project led by think tank Magma. The study contained attitudinal statements that the respondents were asked to evaluate on a scale ranging from "Strongly agree" to "Strongly disagree". The themes of the survey included safety, Finland's EU membership, multiculturalism and minorities, and trust in democracy and traditional media. First, the respondents' opinions regarding elections and the functionality of democracy were charted with questions pertaining to issues such as whether voters in parliamentary elections can truly impact politics, and if Finnish matters would be tended to better if decision-making was left to independent experts instead of politicians and citizens. It was also asked if the ability to make citizens' initiatives had improved democracy in Finland. Some questions pertained to cyber threats, terrorism and Russia, as well as the extent of the respondents' trust in "traditional" media rather than social media, for instance. The study also canvassed attitudes with regard to foreign and security policy, e.g. with questions concerning Nordic cooperation, NATO and the European Union. The final questions covered matters related to multiculturalism, corruption, language policy, and safety, and the respondents' attitudes toward immigrants and asylum seekers were examined. Background variables included gender, age (categorised), education level and type of municipality of residence.

The survey focused on violence against children and adolescents in Finland, surveying different forms and manifestations of violence. The main themes in the survey were experiences of crime (such as robberies, thefts, threats, assaults and domestic violence), sibling and peer victimisation, sexual violence, harassment and threats via the internet and mobile phone (cyber-bullying). New themes in the 2013 survey included violence occurring during instructed activities and violence against family members witnessed in public. Many of the questions charting these experiences and incidents are based on the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire (JVQ, Finkelhor et al.). More than 11,000 children across Finland participated in the survey. The 2013 survey was conducted in collaboration with the Finnish Youth Research Society. The respondents were asked to whom they were able to talk about their personal matters and with whom they spent their free time. Smoking, alcohol and drug use as well as alcohol use in the family were charted. One set of questions studied the respondents' health status, opinions on own appearance, and emotional and behavioural problems (with questions based on Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire [SDQ, SDQ-Fin]). The respondents who participated in instructed activity (e.g. sports, music) in their leisure time were asked whether their instructor had threatened them or abused them verbally, physically or sexually. The respondents' experiences of violence and other illegal activities were studied; the questions presented examined whether they had been a victim of a crime (violent robbery, theft/robbery, assault, threat of assault), and relating to each crime, they were asked how many such incidents had occurred in the previous 12 months, whether the incident had happened before, how many perpetrators there had been, who had been the (main) perpetrator (including his/her sex, age, and ethnicity), where the incident had happened, and whether the respondent or the perpetrator had been under the influence of alcohol or drugs at the time. Relating to incidents involving violence, the respondents were asked what kind of violence they had experienced, what kind of injuries they had sustained, whether they had visited hospital or a doctor because of the injuries, and whether the perpetrators had made discriminatory remarks during the incident. Sibling and peer victimisation was examined by studying the respondents' experiences of assaults, physical bullying, and verbal abuse by siblings and peers. Questions were largely the same as the ones asked earlier when experiences of crime were being charted. Regarding witnessing violence against family members, the respondents were asked whether they had seen or heard their mother, father or sibling being verbally or physically abused (e.g. hit with a fist or an item, attacked with a knife) or threatened with violence at home, and who the perpetrator had been, how old the respondent had been when the (first) incident had occurred, and whether the victim had sustained visible injuries or injuries that required professional treatment. Another question investigated whether a family member had been verbally or physically abused, threatened with violence etc. in public. Parents' means of approaching a conflict situation with the respondent were charted (e.g. sulking, insulting, threatening with violence, spanking on the bottom, kicking). Relating to sexual activity with adults (or people at least five years older), the respondents were asked, among other things, whether they had experienced sexual advances from or been in sexual contact with adults, what had happened (e.g. sexual propositions, fondling, exposure of genitals), how old they had been, whether the respondent had known the adult, which of them had initiated the activity, whether coercion, violence, gifts or alcohol were involved, whether the respondent viewed the situation as sexual abuse, and whether the respondent had told anyone about the incident and if not, why. Cyberbullying and online harassment experienced by the respondents was investigated with questions charting whether they had experienced various forms of cyberbullying or harassment in the previous 12 months (e.g. bullying, threats or sexual harassment by mobile phone, cyber defamation, unauthorised use of photos or videos online, requests for sexual material or sexual propositions online). The respondents were asked whether they had told anyone about such incidents and what the person who had been told about them had done. Finally, the respondents were asked whether they had ever met an online acquaintance, whether any online acquaintance they had met had persuaded or forced them into sex, where on the Internet the respondents had met this person, how old the respondents had been when the incident had happened, and whether it had been photographed or recorded. Pupils on ninth grade were asked additional questions about dating and sexual experiences with their peers (e.g. first kiss, dating/relationship status, experiences of sexual interaction with and without physical touch, and sexual activity involving coitus). The questions were largely similar to the ones asked when sexual activity with adults was charted. Background variables included, among others, the respondent's gender, age, household composition, and country of birth as well as parents' ages, occupations, employment statuses, countries of birth, and educations. Language spoken at home and financial situation of the family were also inquired about.

More than half of the interviewed Finns in 2019, reaching ** percent, stated that they felt fairly well informed about the risks of cybercrime. ** percent felt very well informed, and **** percent felt not informed at all on that topic for the evaluated period.

The Police Barometer surveys study Finnish public opinion on the role and services of the police, feelings about safety and security, fear of crime, experiences of crime, and trust in the national institutions in crime prevention. The 2018 survey was funded by the Ministry of the Interior. Initially, respondents assessed the ability of the police to guarantee public order and security in Finland, the importance of various tasks in police work (e.g. solving different types of crime, traffic control, emergency response, police patrol), and the significance of different monitoring methods (e.g. speed limit enforcement, road-side checks) in terms of traffic safety. Sense of security and fear of crime were studied by asking how worried the respondents were about certain issues (e.g. assaults, burglaries, drunk driving, sexual harassment, cybercrime). Respondents were asked to identify circumstances in which they feel unsafe in if they are alone (e.g. at home during the day, in the town centre after dark after dark, or in a residential area late on Friday and Saturday nights). Views on how serious a problem crime was in the respondents' own neighbourhoods were also examined. The respondents were asked whether they themselves had become victims of certain crimes, whether they had reported the crime to the police, and if not, why. Further questions surveyed whether the respondents had been eyewitnesses to any crimes (e.g. burglaries or car theft) or witnesses/complainants in a criminal procedure, and whether they had experienced a threat or pressure from somebody subjected to a criminal procedure. Opinions on the accessibility and visibility of the police were examined by asking what the distance was from the respondent's home to the nearest police station, how long they thought it would take for the police to respond to an emergency, and whether the respondents had used the online services of the police. The quality of police services was assessed with questions about the last time the respondents had contacted the police, reasons for doing so, and how they had been treated. The respondents also rated how well the police had succeeded in solving crimes, preventing crime, providing help quickly, etc. Opinions on the attitude of the police towards people from different ethnic backgrounds were studied. The survey also charted opinions on the development of the services provided by the police as well as trust in various institutions, such as the police, emergency and protective services, private security guards, the Border Guard, courts, the Customs, and the Defence Forces. Opinions on the likelihood of police corruption and the quality of police conduct were surveyed. The respondents were asked what they felt their own duties towards the police were, and whether based on their own experiences they felt that the police had made obvious mistakes in everyday policing. Finally, the respondents were asked how often they followed news from printed and electronic news channels, and they were asked to identify any recent news stories about the police and police activities, or news stories about crimes, security and threats to security that they remembered hearing. Background variables included the respondent's gender, age group, primary position in the labour market, highest level of education attained, mother tongue, gross annual personal income, municipality and region (NUTS2 and NUTS3) of residence, size of municipality, and whether the respondent, someone in their immediate family or a close relative worked for the police.

Remote working has increased dramatically due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, bringing new challenges related to cyber security. ** percent of large companies in Finland agreed in a 2020 survey that the decentralized working model increased information and cyber security risks. Meanwhile, only seven percent of the companies disagreed.

Online safety during COVID-19

While the world has been focused on the health and economic threats caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, cyber criminals have clearly attempted to take advantage of the crisis since the start of 2020. Both the likelihood and impact of cyber attacks is on the rise, as criminals are increasingly targeting major corporations, governments, and critical infrastructure. Online threats to businesses can take various forms, such as data breaches, phishing, malware and malicious spam emails that are used to mislead employees and customers. For instance, the risk of cyber fraud has significantly increased worldwide based on the 2020 data. It is also estimated that cyber crime will remain a major risk in the future, as both individuals and organizations become more technology dependent.

Preparedness for cyber security risks in Finnish companies

Finns made the quickest shift to remote working in Europe, and even 75 percent of employees moved entirely to home office during spring 2020. At the same time, digital transformation also creates new potential for cyber security vulnerabilities. Based on survey results from 2020, ** percent of major Finnish companies perceived risks related to information and cyber security significant. However, over ** percent of companies claimed in the same survey that they are prepared for information and cyber security risks.

The Police Barometer surveys study Finnish public opinion on the role and services of the police, feelings about safety and security, fear of crime, experiences of crime, and trust in the national institutions in crime prevention. The 2020 survey was funded by the Ministry of the Interior. Initially, respondents assessed the ability of the police to guarantee public order and security in Finland, the importance of various tasks in police work (e.g. solving different types of crime, traffic control, emergency response, police patrol). Views on how serious a problem crime was in the respondents' own neighbourhoods were also examined. Sense of security and fear of crime were studied by asking how worried the respondents were about certain issues (e.g. assaults, burglaries, drunk driving, sexual harassment, cybercrime). Respondents were asked to identify circumstances in which they feel unsafe in if they are alone (e.g. at home during the day, in the town centre after dark after dark, or in a residential area late on Friday and Saturday nights). The respondents were asked whether they themselves had become victims of certain crimes, whether they had reported the crime to the police, and if not, why. Further questions surveyed whether the respondents had been eyewitnesses to any crimes (e.g. burglaries or car theft) or witnesses/complainants in a criminal procedure, and whether they had experienced a threat or pressure from somebody subjected to a criminal procedure. Views on the accessibility and visibility of the police were examined by asking what the distance was from the respondent's home to the nearest police station, how long they thought it would take for the police to respond to an emergency, and how often the respondents had seen the police patrolling in their own neighbourhood. The quality of police services was assessed with questions about the last time the respondents had contacted the police, reasons for doing so, and how they had been treated. The respondents also rated how well the police had succeeded in solving crimes, preventing crime, providing help quickly, etc. Opinions on the attitude of the police towards people from different ethnic backgrounds were studied. The survey charted opinions on the development of the services provided by the police as well as trust in various institutions, such as the police, emergency and protective services, private security guards, the Border Guard, courts, the Customs, and the Defence Forces. The quality of police conduct was also surveyed, and the respondents were asked what they felt their own duties towards the police were. Finally, the respondents' opinions on the occurrence and nature of corruption in society at large were charted. Background variables included the respondent's gender, age group, primary position in the labour market, highest level of education attained, mother tongue, gross annual personal income, region (NUTS3) of residence, and whether the respondent, someone in their immediate family or a close relative worked for the police.

In 2020, roughly ** thousand information security violations and threat notifications were processed by the National Cyber Security Centre in Finland. This was a major increase of over 100 percent from the previous year, when roughly *** thousand cases were handled. The majority of notifications processed by the national authorities during 2020 concerned online scams (*****) and phishing (*****). Other common types of information security violations and threats included spam, malware, and data breaches.

The annual survey charted Finnish public opinion on foreign policy, defence policy, security, military alliances and military service. Opinions were charted on the success of foreign policy in the previous few years, funds allocated to the Defence Forces and whether Finland should resort to armed defence in case of any sort of attack. The respondents were asked how the global security situation would develop in the next five years, whether Finland should form military alliances and whether Finland should apply for NATO membership. Reasons against or for NATO membership were surveyed. Views were probed on the current, conscription-based defence system. Concern caused by certain phenomena and issues was charted, such as the economic situation in Europe, international crime, cybercrime, increased foreign investment in the Finnish economy and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. Some questions pertained to issues affecting the safety and security of Finland. These included, among others, EU membership, potential NATO membership, Finland's participation in the EU defence and Finland's participation in international crisis management. Satisfaction with defence policy in the previous few years was investigated. Regarding Finland's military presence in Afghanistan, opinions on Finland's participation in military crisis management, civilian crisis management and development cooperation were probed. The respondents' readiness to participate in defending Finland in case of attack were queried as well as views on Finnish military cooperation in the EU, with NATO and with other Nordic countries. Opinions were probed on the possibility of a military threat against Finland in the following 10-15 years. Views on the measures Finland and the international community should take in the conflict in Syria were surveyed as well as Finland's preparedness for threats against information systems and networks. The background variables included, among others, the respondent's gender, age, economic activity and occupational status, marital status, occupation of the household head, household composition, ages of children living at home, gross annual income of the household, newspaper reading and television viewing habits, level of education, consumer durables in the household, type of accommodation, number of inhabitants in the municipality of residence, and political party choice in the previous parliamentary elections.

According to the 2019 survey results, **** percent of Finns reported that they had experienced bank card or online banking fraud once. Two percent said that they had experienced such crime at least *** times in the last three years. By contrast, ** percent of respondents in Finland had never been a victim of bank card or online banking fraud.

The survey covered self-reported crime of young Finnish males, focusing particularly on theft and other property crime, and crimes of violence. Dealings with the police and punishments received were also studied. One of the goals of the survey was to test the possibility of creating new standardised indicators for self-reported crime in Finland. The survey repeated several questions used in the Young Male Crime Survey in 1962. Drinking habits were studied by asking how often the respondents drink until they become intoxicated. Knowledge of the Finnish law was tested by asking whether the respondents knew what age criminal liability began at, what the blood alcohol content limit for driving while intoxicated (DWI) was, and what the legal age of consent was (minimum age at which a person is considered to be capable of consenting to sexual acts). Regarding victimization of crime, the respondents were asked whether they had been victims of non-violent theft, or of theft involving violence or threat of violence, and if so whether they had told the police. Further questions explored whether the respondents had been victims of the following, when and how often: threats of violence, insults or threats through e-mail, sms messages or Internet discussion forums, being deliberately jostled or pushed (by way of harassment), physical attack, assault, violence without weapons or violence with weapons like knives, guns etc. The respondents were asked whether they had had to visit a doctor, receive first aid or be hospitalized because of the violence, ever or during the past 12 months. Self-reported crime was studied by asking the respondents whether they themselves had ever or during the past 12 months participated in the following: taking something from someone without permission, theft from workplace, shoplifting, stealing ashtrays or such from cafes or restaurants, theft of vehicle parts, theft of a motor vehicle (car, motor cycle, scooter, motorboat), theft of a bicycle, other type of theft, receiving, buying or selling stolen goods, leaving a restaurant or hotel without paying, driving while intoxicated, deliberately damaging streetlights, road signs or such, disorderly conduct in a public place while intoxicated, deliberately threatening or insulting someone through e-mail, text messages or Internet discussion forums, illegally copying music or movies over the Internet or distributing such to strangers via the Internet, assaulting someone with intent to harm, or carrying a knife or other offensive weapon with intent to harm or for self-defence. Regarding drug abuse, the respondents were asked whether they had ever or during the past 12 months tried or used marijuana or hashish, or ecstasy, heroin, cocaine, amphetamine, LSD or other drugs. One question investigated working without paying taxes. The respondents were asked whether they had had dealings with the police and why. Penalties/punishments received (petty fines, fines, community service, juvenile punishment, conditional or unconditional prison sentence) were charted. Views were probed on the severity of Finnish punishments. Finally, the respondents were asked about their call-up date for the conscription army. Background variables included the respondent's year of birth, mother tongue, country of birth, activity after basic education, economic activity in the past 12 months, duration of possible unemployment, occupation, municipality of residence, household composition, number of children, father's occupation, and whether R was studying at the time of the survey.

Over the period from 2019 to 2023, the number of malware observations in Finland fluctuated strongly. The number of detected malware and malicious traffic peaked at roughly ** thousands incidents during the third quarter of 2021. The lowest number of ****** incidents was reported in the 3rd quarter of 2019.