On January 14, 2023, the Netherlands registered 375 new positive cases of coronavirus. The total number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in the Netherlands amounted to over 8.5 million. To this day, the region of Utrecht has registered the most coronavirus cases with over 687 thousand.

The various waves of COVID-19 in the Netherlands

In the first wave, the daily number of confirmed cases in the Netherlands peaked in April 2020. Daily figures notably rose to over one thousand in April, 2020. From May to July in that year, confirmed cases decreased. Since then, however, coronavirus cases have escalated greatly. COVID-19 cases reached a new peak on February 9, 2022 with over 391 thousand cases.  

As of January 14, 2023 over 8.57 million COVID-19 cases had been recorded in the Netherlands. Since the first confirmed cases of COVID-19 were diagnosed on February 28, 2020. Daily numbers of reported cases reached a new peak in the winter of 2021/22.

As of December 15, the Netherlands registered over 628 thousand confirmed cases of coronavirus (COVID-19). To this day, a total of 18.6 thousand people have been hospitalized. Furthermore, the coronavirus killed over 10.1 thousand people in the country. The coronavirus pandemic figures are changing daily in the Netherlands. During the second week of December, the country registered 58 thousand new confirmed cases, 509 hospital admissions, and 398 deaths.

On 27 February 2020, the first case of COVID-19 disease was confirmed in The Netherlands by RIVM (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment). In the weeks after, thousands of people were diagnosed with the infectious disease. Data on COVID-19 case counts are important for research and applications on various topics like epidemiology and statistics.

This dataset contains reported case counts derived from official sources like RIVM (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment), LCPS (National Coordination Center for Patient Distribution), and NICE (National Intensive Care Evaluation). Data from these sources are collected, standardized, and published in various formats on a daily basis.

The README document in this repository provides an overview of the available datasets, their file location(s), and codebooks. Copies of the original data are stored in the folder named 'raw_data'. Scripts to process the raw data into standardized files can be found in the folder workflows.

This data is the daily case data on covid-19 cases in the Netherlands, published by the RIVM (national public health agency). The data covers all case data of December 2020.

For English, see below Nederland heeft voor het SARS-CoV-2 virus (coronavirus) een endemische fase bereikt en de GGD teststraten zijn per 17 maart 2023 gesloten. Daardoor wordt de data vanaf 1 april 2023 niet meer bijgewerkt. Bestand vanaf week 40, 2021: COVID-19_casus_landelijk Bestand tot en met week 39, 2021: COVID-19_casus_landelijk_tm Dit bestand wordt vanaf versie 5 niet meer geüpdatet (zie hieronder) Beschikbare formaten: .csv en .json Bronsysteem: OSIRIS Algemene Infectieziekten (AIZ) Beschrijving bestand: Dit bestand bevat de volgende karakteristieken per positief geteste casus in Nederland: Datum voor statistiek, Leeftijdsgroep, Geslacht, Overlijden, Week van overlijden, Provincie, Meldende GGD Het bestand is als volgt opgebouwd: Een record voor elke laboratorium bevestigde COVID-19 patiënt in Nederland, sinds het begin van de pandemie. Vanaf 11 juli 2022 is deze data opgesplitst (zie beschrijving versie 5). Alleen het bestand vanaf week 40, 2021 wordt iedere dinsdag en vrijdag om 16:00 ververst, op basis van de gegevens zoals op 10:00 uur die dag geregistreerd staan in het landelijk systeem voor meldingsplichtige infectieziekten (Osiris AIZ). Het historische bestand (tot en met week 39, 2021) wordt vanaf 11 juli niet meer geüpdatet. Beschrijving van de variabelen: Version: Versienummer van de dataset. Wanneer de inhoud van de dataset structureel wordt gewijzigd (dus niet de dagelijkse update of een correctie op record niveau), zal het versienummer aangepast worden (+1) en ook de corresponderende metadata in RIVMdata (https://data.rivm.nl). Versie 2 update (20 januari 2022): - In versie 2 van deze dataset is de variabele ‘hospital_admission’ niet meer beschikbaar. Voor het aantal ziekenhuisopnames wordt verwezen naar de geregistreerde ziekenhuisopnames van Stichting NICE (data.rivm.nl/covid-19/COVID-19_ziekenhuisopnames.html). Versie 3 update (8 februari 2022) - Vanaf 8 februari 2022 worden de positieve SARS-CoV-2 testuitslagen rechtstreeks vanuit CoronIT aan het RIVM gemeld. Ook worden de testuitslagen van andere testaanbieders (zoals Testen voor Toegang) en zorginstellingen (zoals ziekenhuizen, verpleeghuizen en huisartsen) die hun positieve SARS-CoV-2 testuitslagen via het Meldportaal van GGD GHOR invoeren rechtstreeks aan het RIVM gemeld. Meldingen die onderdeel zijn van de bron- en contactonderzoek steekproef en positieve SARS-CoV-2 testuitslagen van zorginstellingen die via zorgmail aan de GGD worden gemeld worden wel via HPZone aan het RIVM gemeld. Vanaf 8 februari wordt de datum van de positieve testuitslag gebruikt en niet meer de datum van melding aan de GGD Versie 4 update (24 maart 2022): - In versie 4 van deze dataset zijn records samengesteld volgens de gemeente herindeling van 24 maart 2022. Zie beschrijving van de variabele Municipal_health_service voor meer informatie. Versie 5 update (11 juli 2022): - Vanaf 11 juli 2022 is deze dataset opgesplitst in twee delen. Het eerste deel bevat de data vanaf het begin van de pandemie tot en met 3 oktober 2021 (week 39) en bevat ‘tm’ in de bestandsnaam. Deze data wordt niet meer geüpdatet. Het tweede deel bevat de data vanaf 4 oktober 2021 (week 40) en wordt iedere werkdag geüpdatet. Versie 6 update (1 september 2022): - Vanaf 1 september 2022 wordt het tweede deel van de data (vanaf week 40 2021) niet meer iedere werkdag geüpdatet, maar op dinsdagen en vrijdagen. De data wordt op deze dagen met terugwerkende kracht bijgewerkt voor de andere dagen. Versie 7 update (3 januari 2023): - Per 1 januari 2023 verzamelt het RIVM geen aanvullende informatie meer. Dit heeft als gevolg dat we vanaf 1 januari 2023 geen overlijdens meer rapporteren en worden de kolommen [Deceased] en [Week of Death] niet meer aangevuld. Date_file: Datum en tijd waarop de gegevens zijn gepubliceerd door het RIVM Date_statistics: Datum voor statistiek; eerste ziektedag, indien niet bekend, datum lab positief, indien niet bekend, melddatum aan GGD (formaat: jjjj-mm-dd) Date_statistics_type: Soort datum die beschikbaar was voor datum voor de variabele "Datum voor statistiek", waarbij: DOO = Date of disease onset : Eerste ziektedag zoals gemeld door GGD. Let op: het is niet altijd bekend of deze eerste ziektedag ook echt al Covid-19 betrof. DPL = Date of first Positive Labresult : Datum van de (eerste) positieve labuitslag. DON = Date of Notification : Datum waarop de melding bij de GGD is binnengekomen. Agegroup: Leeftijdsgroep bij leven; 0-9, 10-19, ..., 90+; bij overlijden <50, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89, 90+, Unknown = Onbekend Sex: Geslacht; Unknown = Onbekend, Male = Man, Female = Vrouw Province: Naam van de provincie (op basis van de verblijfplaats van de patiënt) Deceased: Overlijden. Unknown = Onbekend, Yes = Ja, No = Nee. Vanaf 1 januari 2023 is deze kolom leeg. Week of Death : Week van overlijden. YYYYMM volgens ISO-week notatie (start op maandag t/m zondag). Vanaf 1 januari 2023 is deze kolom leeg. Municipal_health_service: GGD die de melding heeft gedaan. Vanaf 24 maart 2022 is dit bestand samengesteld volgens de gemeente indeling van 24 maart 2022. Gemeente Weesp is opgegaan in gemeente Amsterdam. Met deze indeling is de veiligheidsregio Gooi- en Vechtstreek kleiner geworden en de veiligheidsregio Amsterdam-Amstelland groter; GGD Amsterdam is groter geworden en GGD Gooi- en Vechtstreek is kleiner geworden (https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/onze-diensten/methoden/classificaties/overig/gemeentelijke-indelingen-per-jaar/indeling-per-jaar/gemeentelijke-indeling-op-1-januari-2022). -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Covid-19 characteristics per case, nationwide The Netherlands has reached an endemic phase for the SARS-CoV-2 virus (coronavirus) and the PHS testing facilities will be closed as of March 17, 2023. As a result, the data will no longer be updated from 1 April 2023. File from week 40, 2021: COVID-19_case_landelijk File up to and including week 39, 2021: COVID-19_casus_landelijk_tm This file will no longer be updated from version 5 (see below) Available formats: .csv and .json Source system: OSIRIS General Infectious Diseases (AIZ) File description: This file contains the following characteristics per positively tested case in the Netherlands: Date for statistics, Age group, Gender, Death, Week of death, Province, Notifying PHS The file is structured as follows: A record for every lab-confirmed COVID-19 patient in the Netherlands since the start of the pandemic. From July 11, 2022, this data has been split (see description version 5). Only the file from week 40, 2021 onwards will be updated every Tuesday and Friday at 4:00 PM, based on the data as registered at 10:00 AM that day in the national system for notifiable infectious diseases (Osiris AIZ). The historical file (up to and including week 39, 2021) will no longer be updated from July 11, 2022. Description of the variables: Version: Version number of the dataset. When the content of the dataset is structurally changed (so not the daily update or a correction at record level), the version number will be adjusted (+1) and also the corresponding metadata in RIVMdata (https://data.rivm.nl). Version 2 update (January 20, 2022): - In version 2 of this dataset, the variable 'hospital_admission' is no longer available. For the number of hospital admissions, reference is made to the registered hospital admissions of the NICE Foundation (data.rivm.nl/covid-19/COVID-19_ziekenhuis Admissions.html). Version 3 update (February 8, 2022) - From 8 February 2022, positive SARS-CoV-2 test results will be reported directly from CoronIT to the RIVM. The test results of other test providers (such as Testing for Access) and healthcare institutions (such as hospitals, nursing homes and general practitioners) that enter their positive SARS-CoV-2 test results via the Reporting Portal of GGD GHOR are also reported directly to the RIVM. Reports that are part of the source and contact investigation sample and positive SARS-CoV-2 test results from healthcare institutions that are reported to the PHS via healthcare email are reported to the RIVM via HPZone. From 8 February 2022, the date of the positive test result is used and no longer the date of notification to the PHS. Version 4 update (March 24, 2022): - In version 4 of this dataset, records are compiled according to the municipality reclassification of March 24, 2022. See description of the Municipal_health_service variable for more information. Version 5 Update (July 11, 2022): - As of July 11, 2022, this dataset is split into two parts. The first part contains the dates from the start of the pandemic to October 3, 2021 (week 39) and contains "tm" in the file name. This data will no longer be updated. The second part contains the data from October 4, 2021 (week 40) and is updated every working day. Version 6 update (September 1, 2022): - From September 1, 2022, the second part of the data (from week 40 2021) will no longer be updated every working day, but on Tuesdays and Fridays. The data is retroactively updated on these days for the other days. Version 7 update (January 3, 2023): - As of 1 January 2023, the RIVM will no longer collect additional information. As a result, we will no longer report deaths from January 1, 2023 and the [Deceased] and [Week of Death] columns will no longer be completed. Date_file: Date and time when the data was published by the RIVM Date_statistics: Date for statistics; first day of illness, if not known, date of positive lab result, if not known, reporting date to PHS (format: yyyy-mm-dd) Date_statistics_type: Type of date that was available for date for the "Date for statistics" variable, where: DOO = Date of disease onset : First day of illness as reported by PHS. Please note: it is not always known whether this first day of illness actually concerned Covid-19. DPL = Date of first Positive Lab result : Date of the (first) positive lab result. DON = Date of Notification : Date on which the

As of December, 2020, the coronavirus pandemic in the Netherlands resulted in over 527.5 thousand cases, 17.6 thousand hospital admissions, and 9.4 thousand deaths. To this day, most confirmed COVID-19 cases in the Netherlands were women. However, the distributions of hospital admissions and deaths due to the coronavirus were higher for men.

Gender aside, COVID-19 figures in the Netherlands differed in terms of age. According to Dutch numbers, the coronavirus infected mostly younger age groups. However, hospital admissions were higher in older people, while the coronavirus was especially deadly for people aged over 80.

The Netherlands has reached an endemic phase for the SARS-CoV-2 virus (coronavirus) and the GGD test lanes will be closed on March 17, 2023. As a result, the data will no longer be updated from 1 April 2023. File from week 40, 2021: COVID-19_casus_landelijk File up to and including week 39, 2021: COVID-19_casus_landelijk_tm This file will no longer be updated from version 5 (see below) Available formats: .csv and .json Source system: OSIRIS General Infectious Diseases (AIZ) ) File description: This file contains the following characteristics per positively tested case in the Netherlands: Date for statistics, Age group, Sex, Death, Week of death, Province, Notifying GGD The file is structured as follows: A record for each laboratory confirmed COVID-19 19 patient in the Netherlands since the start of the pandemic. From July 11, 2022, this data has been split (see description version 5). Only the file from week 40, 2021, will be updated every Tuesday and Friday at 4:00 PM, based on the data as registered at 10:00 AM that day in the national system for notifiable infectious diseases (Osiris AIZ). The historical file (up to and including week 39, 2021) will no longer be updated from July 11. Description of the variables: Version: Version number of the dataset. When the content of the dataset is structurally changed (so not the daily update or a correction at record level), the version number will be adjusted (+1) and also the corresponding metadata in RIVMdata (https://data.rivm.nl) . Version 2 update (January 20, 2022): - In version 2 of this dataset, the variable 'hospital_admission' is no longer available. For the number of hospital admissions, reference is made to the registered hospital admissions of the NICE Foundation (data.rivm.nl/covid-19/COVID-19_ziekenhuis Admissions.html). Version 3 update (February 8, 2022) - From February 8, 2022, the positive SARS-CoV-2 test results will be reported directly from CoronIT to RIVM. The test results of other test providers (such as Testing for Access) and healthcare institutions (such as hospitals, nursing homes and general practitioners) that enter their positive SARS-CoV-2 test results via the Reporting Portal of GGD GHOR are also reported directly to RIVM. Reports that are part of the source and contact investigation sample and positive SARS-CoV-2 test results from healthcare institutions that are reported to the GGD via healthcare email are reported to RIVM via HPZone. From February 8, the date of the positive test result is used and no longer the date of notification to the GGD Version 4 update (March 24, 2022): - In version 4 of this dataset, records have been compiled according to the municipality reclassification of March 24, 2022. See description of the Municipal_health_service variable for more information. Version 5 update (July 11, 2022): - As of July 11, 2022, this dataset has been split into two parts. The first part contains the dates from the start of the pandemic to October 3, 2021 (week 39) and contains "tm" in the file name. This data will no longer be updated. The second part contains the data from October 4, 2021 (week 40) and is updated every working day. Version 6 update (September 1, 2022): - From September 1, 2022, the second part of the data (from week 40 2021) will no longer be updated every working day, but on Tuesdays and Fridays. The data is retroactively updated on these days for the other days. Version 7 update (January 3, 2023): - As of January 1, 2023, RIVM will no longer collect additional information. As a result, we will no longer report deaths from January 1, 2023 and the [Deceased] and [Week of Death] columns will no longer be completed. Date_file: Date and time when the data was published by RIVM Date_statistics: Date for statistics; first day of illness, if not known, date lab positive, if not known, report date to GGD (format: yyyy-mm-dd) Date_statistics_type: Type of date that was available for date for the variable "Date voor statistic", where: DOO = Date of disease onset : First day of illness as reported by GGD. Please note: it is not always known whether this first day of illness actually concerned Covid-19. DPL = Date of first Positive Labresult : Date of the (first) positive labresult. DON = Date of Notification : Date on which the notification was received by the GGD. Agegroup: Age group alive; 0-9, 10-19, ..., 90+; at death <50, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-89, 90+, Unknown = Unknown Sex: Gender; Unknown = Unknown, Male = Male, Female = Female Province: Province name (based on patient's residence) Deceased: Death. Unknown = Unknown, Yes = Yes, No = No. From January 1, 2023, this column will be empty. Week of Death : Week of death. YYYYMM according to ISO week format (starts on Monday to Sunday). From January 1, 2023, this column will be empty. Municipal_health_service: GGD that made the report. From March 24, 2022, this file was compiled according to the municipality classification of March 24, 2022. The municipality of Weesp was merged into the municipality of Amsterdam. With this division, the Gooi- en Vechtstreek safety region has become smaller and the Amsterdam-Amstelland safety region larger; GGD Amsterdam has become larger and GGD Gooi- en Vechtstreek has become smaller (https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/onze-diensten/methods/classifications/overig/gemeentelijke-delingen-per-jaar/deling-per -year/municipal-division-on-1-January-2022). -------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------- Covid-19 characteristics per case, nationwide The Netherlands has reached an endemic phase for the SARS-CoV -2 virus (coronavirus) and the PHS testing facilities will be closed as of March 17, 2023. As a result, the data will no longer be updated from April 1, 2023. File from week 40, 2021: COVID-19_case_landelijk File up to and including week 39, 2021: COVID-19_casus_landelijk_tm This file will no longer be updated from version 5 (see below) Available formats: .csv and .json Source system: OSIRIS General Infectious Diseases (AIZ) File description: This file contains the following Characteristics per positively tested case in the Netherlands: Date for statistics, Age group, Gender, Death, Week of death, Province, Notifying PHS The file is structured as follows: A record for every lab-confirmed COVID-19 patient in the Netherlands since the start of the pandemic. From July 11, 2022, this data has been split (see description version 5). Only the file from week 40, 2021 onwards will be updated every Tuesday and Friday at 4:00 PM, based on the data as registered at 10:00 AM that day in the national system for notifiable infectious diseases (Osiris AIZ). The historical file (up to and including week 39, 2021) will no longer be updated from July 11, 2022. Description of the variables: Version: Version number of the dataset. When the content of the dataset is structurally changed (so not the daily update or a correction at record level), the version number will be adjusted (+1) and also the corresponding metadata in RIVMdata (https://data.rivm.nl ). Version 2 update (January 20, 2022): - In version 2 of this dataset, the variable 'hospital_admission' is no longer available. For the number of hospital admissions, reference is made to the registered hospital admissions of the NICE Foundation (data.rivm.nl/covid-19/COVID-19_ziekenhuis Admissions.html). Version 3 update (February 8, 2022) - From 8 February 2022, positive SARS-CoV-2 test results will be reported directly from CoronIT to the RIVM. The test results of other test providers (such as Testing for Access) and healthcare institutions (such as hospitals, nursing homes and general practitioners) that enter their positive SARS-CoV-2 test results via the Reporting Portal of GGD GHOR are also reported directly to the RIVM. Reports that are part of the source and contact investigation sample and positive SARS-CoV-2 test results from healthcare institutions that are reported to the PHS via healthcare email are reported to the RIVM via HPZone. From 8 February 2022, the date of the positive test result is used and no longer the date of notification to the PHS. Version 4 update (March 24, 2022): - In version 4 of this dataset, records are compiled according to the municipality reclassification of March 24, 2022. See description of the Municipal_health_service variable for more information. Version 5 Update (July 11, 2022): - As of July 11, 2022, this dataset is split into two parts. The first part contains the dates from the start of the pandemic to October 3, 2021 (week 39) and contains "tm" in the file name. This data will no longer be updated. The second part contains the data from October 4, 2021 (week 40) and is updated every working day. Version 6 update (September 1, 2022): - From September 1, 2022, the second part of the data (from week 40 2021) will no longer be updated every working day, but on Tuesdays and Fridays. The data is retroactively updated on these days for the other days. Version 7 update (January 3, 2023): - As of 1 January 2023, the RIVM will no longer collect additional information. As a result, we will no longer report deaths from January 1, 2023 and the [Deceased] and [Week of Death] columns will no longer be completed. Date_file: Date and time when the data was published by the RIVM Date_statistics: Date for statistics; first day of illness, if not known, date of positive lab result, if not known, reporting date to PHS (format: yyyy-mm-dd) Date_statistics_type: Type of date that was available for date for the "Date for statistics" variable , where: DOO = Date of disease onset : First day of illness as reported by PHS. Please note: it is not always known whether this first day of illness actually concerned Covid-19. DPL = Date of first Positive Lab result : Date of the (first) positive lab result. DON = Date of Notification : Date on which the notification was received by the PHS. Agegroup: Age group alive; 0-9, 10-19, ..., 90+; at death

As of March 28, 2022, over 104 thousand patients were admitted to Dutch hospitals with COVID-19. The largest daily hospitalizations occurred during the first wave of the pandemic in spring 2020.

For English, see below Het aantal COVID-19 gerelateerde hospitalisaties is al geruime tijd laag en COVID-19 is per 1 juli 2023 geen meldingsplichtige ziekte meer. Daarom wordt de data vanaf 11 juli 2023 niet meer bijgewerkt. Het reproductiegetal R geeft het gemiddeld aantal mensen dat besmet wordt door één persoon met COVID-19. Voor de schatting van dit reproductiegetal gebruiken we het aantal gemelde COVID-19 ziekenhuisopnames per dag in Nederland. Dit aantal ziekenhuisopnames wordt bijgehouden door Stichting NICE (Nationale Intensive Care Evaluatie). Omdat een COVID-19 opname met enige vertraging doorgegeven wordt in het rapportagesysteem, corrigeren we het aantal opnames voor deze vertraging [1]. Voor een groot deel van de gemelde gevallen is de eerste ziektedag bekend. Deze informatie wordt gebruikt om de eerste ziektedag voor de ziekenhuisopnames te schatten. Door het aantal COVID-19 opnames per datum van eerste ziektedag weer te geven is direct te zien of het aantal infecties toeneemt, piekt of afneemt. Voor de berekening van het reproductiegetal is het ook nodig te weten wat de tijdsduur is tussen de eerste ziektedag van een COVID-19 geval en de eerste ziektedag van zijn of haar besmetter. Deze tijdsduur is gemiddeld 4 dagen voor SARS-CoV-2 varianten in 2020 en 2021, en gemiddeld 3.5 dagen voor recentere varianten, berekend op basis van COVID-19 meldingen aan de GGD. Met deze informatie wordt de waarde van het reproductiegetal berekend zoals beschreven in Wallinga & Lipsitch 2007 [2]. Tot 12 juni 2020 werd het reproductiegetal berekend op basis van COVID-19 ziekenhuisopnames, en tot 15 maart 2023 werd het reproductiegetal berekend op basis van COVID-19 meldingen aan de GGD’en. [1] van de Kassteele J, Eilers PHC, Wallinga J. Nowcasting the Number of New Symptomatic Cases During Infectious Disease Outbreaks Using Constrained P-spline Smoothing. Epidemiology. 2019;30(5):737-745. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000001050. [2] Wallinga J, Lipsitch M. How generation intervals shape the relationship between growth rates and reproductive numbers. Proc Biol Sci. 2007;274(1609):599-604. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3754. Beschrijving van de variabelen: Version: Versienummer van de dataset. Wanneer de inhoud van de dataset structureel wordt gewijzigd (dus niet de dagelijkse update of een correctie op record niveau), zal het versienummer aangepast worden (+1) en ook de corresponderende metadata in RIVMdata (https://data.rivm.nl). Versie 2 update (8 februari 2022): - In de berekening van het reproductiegetal wordt in plaats van de GGD meldingsdatum nu de datum van positieve testuitslag gebruikt. Versie 3 update (17 februari 2022): - In de berekening van het reproductiegetal wordt nu rekening gehouden met verschillende generatietijden voor verschillende varianten. Voor de varianten tot en met Delta is de gemiddelde generatietijd 4 dagen, vanaf Omikron is dat 3.5 dagen. Het hier gepubliceerde reproductiegetal is een gewogen gemiddelde van de reproductiegetallen per variant. Versie 4 update (1 september 2022): - Vanaf 1 september 2022 is deze dataset opgesplitst in twee delen. Het eerste deel bevat de data vanaf het begin van de pandemie tot en met 3 oktober 2021 (week 39) en bevat ‘tm’ in de bestandsnaam. Deze data wordt niet meer geüpdatet. Het tweede deel bevat de data vanaf 4 oktober 2021 (week 40) en wordt iedere dinsdag en vrijdag geüpdatet. - Tot 31 augustus werd het gepubliceerde reproductiegetal berekend met de data van de dag voor publicatie. Vanaf 1 september is het gepubliceerde reproductiegetal berekend met de data van de dag van publicatie. Versie 5 update (31 maart 2023): - Vanaf 15 maart 2023 wordt het reproductiegetal berekend op basis van COVID-19 ziekenhuisopnames volgens de NICE ziekenhuisregistratie. Van 13 juni 2020 t/m 14 maart 2023 werd het reproductiegetal berekend op basis van COVID-19 meldingen aan de GGD. Het aantal meldingen wordt echter sterk bepaald door het testbeleid, en is door het aangepaste testbeleid per 10 maart 2023 en het sluiten van de GGD teststraten per 17 maart 2023 minder geschikt als basis voor het berekenen van het reproductiegetal. Tot en met 12 juni 2020 werd het reproductiegetal ook berekend op basis van ziekenhuisopnames, maar toen zoals gemeld aan de GGD. Date: Datum waarvoor het reproductiegetal is geschat Rt_low: Ondergrens 95% betrouwbaarheidsinterval Rt_avg: Geschat reproductiegetal Rt_up: Bovengrens 95% betrouwbaarheidsinterval population: patiëntpopulatie met waarde “hosp” voor gehospitaliseerde patiënten of “testpos” voor test positieve patiënten Voor recente R schattingen is de betrouwbaarheid niet groot, omdat de betrouwbaarheid afhangt van de tijd tussen infectie en ziek worden en de tijd tussen ziek worden en melden. Daarom is de variabele Rt_avg afwezig in de laatste twee weken. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Covid-19 reproduction number The number of COVID-19 related hospitalizations has been low for quite some time and COVID-19 is no longer a notifiable disease as of July 1, 2023. Therefore, the data will no longer be updated from July 11, 2023. The reproduction number R gives the average number of people infected by one person with COVID-19. To estimate this reproduction number, we use the number of reported COVID-19 hospital admissions per day in the Netherlands. This number of hospital admissions is tracked by the NICE Foundation (National Intensive Care Evaluation). Because a COVID-19 admission is reported with some delay in the reporting system, we correct the number of admissions for this delay [1]. The first day of illness is known for a large proportion of the reported cases. This information is used to estimate the first day of illness for hospital admissions. By displaying the number of COVID-19 admissions per date of the first day of illness, it is immediately possible to see whether the number of infections is increasing, peaking or decreasing. To calculate the reproduction number, it is also necessary to know the length of time between the first day of illness of a COVID-19 case and the first day of illness of his or her infector. This duration is an average of 4 days for SARS-CoV-2 variants in 2020 and 2021, and an average of 3.5 days for more recent variants, calculated on the basis of COVID-19 reports to the PHS. With this information, the value of the reproduction number is calculated as described in Wallinga & Lipsitch 2007 [2]. Until June 12, 2020, the reproduction number was calculated on the basis of COVID-19 hospital admissions, and until March 15, 2023, the reproduction number was calculated on the basis of COVID-19 reports to the GGDs. [1] van de Kassteele J, Eilers PHC, Wallinga J. Nowcasting the Number of New Symptomatic Cases During Infectious Disease Outbreaks Using Constrained P-spline Smoothing. Epidemiology. 2019;30(5):737-745. doi:10.1097/EDE.0000000000001050. [2] Wallinga J, Lipsitch M. How generation intervals shape the relationship between growth rates and reproductive numbers. Proc Biol Sci. 2007;274(1609):599-604. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3754. Description of the variables: Version: Version number of the dataset. When the content of the dataset is structurally changed (so not the daily update or a correction at record level), the version number will be adjusted (+1) and also the corresponding metadata in RIVMdata (https://data.rivm.nl). Version 2 update (February 8, 2022): - In the calculation of the reproduction number, the date of the positive test result is now used instead of the PHS notification date. Version 3 update (February 17, 2022): - The calculation of the reproduction number now takes into account different generation times for different variants. For the variants up to and including Delta, the average generation time is 4 days, from Omikron it is 3.5 days. The reproduction number published here is a weighted average of the reproduction numbers per variant. Version 4 update (September 1, 2022): - As of September 1, 2022, this dataset is split into two parts. The first part contains the dates from the start of the pandemic till October 3, 2021 (week 39) and contains "tm" in the file name. This data will no longer be updated. The second part contains the data from October 4, 2021 (week 40) and is updated every Tuesday and Friday. - Until August 31, the published reproduction number was calculated with the data of the day before publication. From September 1, the published reproduction number is calculated with the data of the day of publication. Version 5 update (March 31, 2023): - As of March 15, 2023, the reproduction number is calculated based on COVID-19 hospital admissions according to the NICE hospital registry. From June 13, 2020 to March 14, 2023, the reproduction number was calculated on the basis of COVID-19 reports to the PHS. However, the number of reports is strongly determined by the test policy, and is less suitable as a basis for calculating the reproduction number due to the adjusted test policy as of March 10, 2023 and the closure of the PHS test lanes as of March 17, 2023. Until 12 June 2020, the reproduction number was also calculated on the basis of hospital admissions, but then as reported to the PHS. Date: Date for which the reproduction number was estimated Rt_low: Lower limit 95% confidence interval Rt_avg: Estimated reproduction number Rt_up: Upper bound 95% confidence interval population: patient population with value “hosp” for hospitalized patients or “testpos” for test positive patients For recent R estimates, the reliability is not great, because the reliability depends on the time between infection and becoming ill and the time between becoming ill and reporting. Therefore, the variable Rt_avg is absent in the last two weeks.

Project Tycho datasets contain case counts for reported disease conditions for countries around the world. The Project Tycho data curation team extracts these case counts from various reputable sources, typically from national or international health authorities, such as the US Centers for Disease Control or the World Health Organization. These original data sources include both open- and restricted-access sources. For restricted-access sources, the Project Tycho team has obtained permission for redistribution from data contributors. All datasets contain case count data that are identical to counts published in the original source and no counts have been modified in any way by the Project Tycho team, except for aggregation of individual case count data into daily counts when that was the best data available for a disease and location. The Project Tycho team has pre-processed datasets by adding new variables, such as standard disease and location identifiers, that improve data interpretability. We also formatted the data into a standard data format. All geographic locations at the country and admin1 level have been represented at the same geographic level as in the data source, provided an ISO code or codes could be identified, unless the data source specifies that the location is listed at an inaccurate geographical level. For more information about decisions made by the curation team, recommended data processing steps, and the data sources used, please see the README that is included in the dataset download ZIP file.

As of January 17, 2023, the total number of deaths due to COVID-19 in the Benelux countries was around 57.7 thousand casualties. Since the first death occurred on February 6, 2020 in the Netherlands, new casualties were reported daily in the Benelux. The death toll amounted to approximately 33.5 thousand in Belgium and 23 thousand in the Netherlands.

Number of cases in the Benelux region

As of January 17, 2023, around 13.6 million people have tested positive for the coronavirus in the Benelux, from which 8.6 million in the Netherlands and 4.7 million in Belgium.

For English, see below This file contains: - the number of COVID-19 hospital and IC admissions per age group in the Netherlands, per week of hospital or IC admission and per week on which the data were reported to the NICE registry (https: //www.stichting-nice.nl). The numbers concern COVID-19 hospital and IC admissions since the first report in the Netherlands (27/02/2020) up to and including the most recent complete week of admission. The registration of the number of COVID-19 hospital and IC admissions may be lagging behind. This may result in the date of recording and the date of the report falling in a different calendar week. Hospital or ICU admissions from the most recent complete week of admission may have been reported in the current incomplete week and are therefore shown in this file. Hospital and ICU admissions from the most recent incomplete week are not included in this file but are censored with the value “NaN” (Not a number). The file is structured as follows: - One record per week of statistics for the Netherlands, even if there are no recordings or reports for the week in question. The numbers are then 0 (zero). -The stated date for statistics may relate to a hospital or IC admission date or the date on which the hospital reported a hospital or IC admission to the NICE registry. Description of the variables: Version: version number of the dataset. When the content of the dataset is structurally changed (so not the daily update or a correction at record level), the version number will be adjusted (+1) and also the corresponding metadata in RIVMdata (Https://data.rivm.nl) . Version 2 update (August 9, 2022): - From August 9, 2022, new admissions of persons with a SARS-CoV-2 infection who were also admitted during a previous COVID-19 episode have been added to this open data file. For this reason, the number of withdrawals with retroactive effect is higher than in our previous files. The underestimation of admissions since the start of the pandemic to August 9, 2022 is less than 1%. A recording is counted as a new recording when a person with a SARS-CoV-2 infection has a recording date that is more than 90 days after the previous recording. Version 3 update (September 1, 2022): - From September 1, 2022, the data will no longer be updated every Wednesday, but on Tuesdays. - As of September 1, 2022, this dataset is split into two parts. The first part contains the dates from the start of the pandemic to October 3, 2021 (week 39) and contains "tm" in the file name. This data will no longer be updated. The second part contains the data from October 4, 2021 (week 40) and is updated every Tuesday. Version 4 update (November 24, 2022): - From November 24, 2022, the age group 0-14 years will be split into age groups 0-4, 5-9 and 10-14 years. This will be retroactively updated for the entire pandemic. Version 5 update (April 4, 2023): - From April 4, 2023, this file will be updated weekly on Tuesdays. The data is retroactively updated for the other days. Date_of_report: Date and time on which the data file was created by RIVM. Date_of_statistics_week_start: The date of the Monday - first day of that week - for which the numbers per week are presented. Week of hospital admission (variable Hospital_admission), week of IC admission (variable IC_admission), the week on which the hospital admission (variable Hospital_admission_notification) or IC admission was reported (variable IC_admission_notification) to the NICE registry. Age_group: Age group in years of the admitted or reported patients. Intervals every five years are used with the exception of 90 years and above (90+). Patients with an unknown age are added to 'Unknown'. Hospital_admission_notification: The number of new COVID-19 patients admitted to the NICE registry per age group [Age_group] per week on which the hospital admission was reported [Date_of_statistics_week_start]. Hospital_admission: The number of new COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital per age group [Age_group] per hospital admission week [Date_of_statistics_week_start] reported to the NICE registry. IC_admission_notification: The number of new COVID-19 patients reported to the NICE registry who were admitted to the ICU per age group [Age_group] per week on which the ICU admission was reported [Date_of_statistics_week_start]. IC_admission: The number of new COVID-19 patients reported to the NICE registry who have been admitted to the ICU per age group [Age_group] per ICU admission week [Date_of_statistics_week_start]. A patient can be admitted to hospital or ICU multiple times (see version 2 update). RIVM and the NICE registry have aligned the method for determining the most relevant admission date in such cases as much as possible, but the numbers may differ slightly from the data as presented by the NICE registry. A patient admitted to the ICU also counts in the hospital admission figures. Despite the fact that hospitals are asked to register COVID-19 patients several times a day, the registration of the number of patients may lag. As a result, the numbers for the past calendar week may still be incomplete (https://www.stichting-nice.nl). Corrections made in reports in the source system of the NICE registration by employees of hospitals can also lead to corrections in this database. In that case, numbers published by RIVM in the past may deviate from the numbers in this database. At the time of creation and publication, this file therefore always contains the most up-to-date data according to the source system of the NICE registration after processing by RIVM. -------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------- Covid-19 hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions in the Netherlands by age group by hospital and ICU admission week and reporting week (according to NICE registration) This file contains: - the number of COVID-19 hospital and ICU admissions by age group in the Netherlands, per week of hospitalization or ICU admission and per week on which the data were reported to the NICE registry (https://www.stichting-nice.nl). The numbers concern COVID-19 hospital and ICU admissions since the first report in the Netherlands (27/02/2020) up to and including the most recent complete week of admission. The registration of the number of COVID-19 hospital and ICU admissions may be lagging behind. This may result in the date of recording and the date of the report falling in a different calendar week. Hospital or ICU admissions from the most recent complete week of admission may have been reported in the current incomplete week and are therefore shown in this file. Hospital and ICU admissions from the most recent incomplete week are not included in this file but are censored with the value “NaN” (Not a Number). The file is structured as follows: - A record per week of statistics for the Netherlands, even if there are no recordings or reports on the week in question. The numbers are then 0 (zero). -The stated date for statistics may relate to a hospital or ICU admission date or the date on which the hospital reported a hospital or ICU admission to the NICE registry. Description of the variables: Version: version number of the dataset. When the content of the dataset is structurally changed (so not the daily update or a correction at record level), the version number will be adjusted (+1) and also the corresponding metadata in RIVMdata (Https://data.rivm.nl ). Version 2 update (August 9, 2022): - From August 9, 2022, new admissions of persons with a SARS-CoV-2 infection who were also admitted during a previous COVID-19 episode have been added to this open data file. For this reason, the number of withdrawals with retroactive effect is higher than in our previous files. The underestimation of admissions since the start of the pandemic to August 9, 2022 is less than 1%. A recording is counted as a new recording when a person with a SARS-CoV-2 infection has a recording date that is more than 90 days after the previous recording. Version 3 update (September 1, 2022): - From September 1, 2022, the data will no longer be updated every Wednesday, but on Tuesdays. - As of September 1, 2022, this dataset is split into two parts. The first part contains the dates from the start of the pandemic till October 3, 2021 (week 39) and contains "tm" in the file name. This data will no longer be updated. The second part contains the data from October 4, 2021 (week 40) and is updated every Tuesday. Version 4 update (November 24, 2022): - From November 24, 2022, the age group 0-14 years will be split into age groups 0-4, 5-9 and 10-14 years. This will be retroactively updated for the entire pandemic. Version 5 update (April 4, 2023): - From April 4, 2023, this file will be updated weekly on Tuesdays. The data has been retroactively updated for the other days. Date_of_report: Date and time on which the data file was created by the RIVM. Date_of_statistics_week_start: The date of the Monday - first day of that week - for which the numbers per week are presented. Week of hospital admission (variable Hospital_admission), week of ICU admission (variable IC_admission), the week on which the hospital admission (variable Hospital_admission_notification) or ICU admission was reported (variable IC_admission_notification) to the NICE registry. Age_group: Age group in years of the admitted or reported patients. Five-year intervals are used with the exception of 90 years and above (90+). Patients with an unknown age are added to 'Unknown'. Hospital_admission_notification: The number of new COVID-19 patients admitted to the NICE registry per age group [Age_group] per week on which the hospital admission was reported [Date_of_statistics_week_start]. Hospital_admission: The number of new COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital per age group [Age_group] per hospital admission week [Date_of_statistics_week_start] reported to the NICE registry. IC_admission_notification:

For English, see below Op 6 juli 2021 is voorlopig voor de laatste keer het aantal besmettelijke personen gerapporteerd, omdat dit cijfer gebaseerd is op het aantal ziekenhuisopnames. In deze fase van de epidemie, waarin steeds meer mensen gevaccineerd zijn en daardoor minder mensen in het ziekenhuis worden opgenomen, loopt het aantal infecties onder de bevolking steeds meer uit de pas met het aantal ziekenhuisopnames. Daarom wordt het aantal besmettelijke personen niet meer berekend. Het aantal besmettelijke personen per dag in Nederland volgt uit het aantal besmettingen per dag in Nederland en het aantal dagen dat een besmet persoon andere personen kan infecteren. Het aantal besmettingen per dag in Nederland wordt geschat op basis van serologische gegevens en ziekenhuisopnames per leeftijdsgroep. We definiëren besmette personen hier als mensen die een infectie hebben, en die ook in redelijke mate besmettelijk zijn, waarbij uiteindelijk aantoonbare antistoffen worden gevormd na deze infectie. Vanaf 8 oktober gebruiken we serologische gegevens uit juni 2020, daarvoor gebruikten we serologische gegevens uit april 2020. Tussen 12 juni en 8 oktober werd het aantal besmettelijken ook gebaseerd op het aantal test-positieve gevallen omdat de ziekenhuisopnames erg laag waren; deze stap wordt nu achterwege gelaten. Als iemand het coronavirus oploopt, is hij/zij een tijd lang besmettelijk voor anderen. Hoe lang dit duurt, verschilt van persoon tot persoon. We nemen aan dat een besmet persoon van twee dagen voor symptomen tot vier tot acht dagen na symptomen besmettelijk is. Beschrijving van de variabelen: version: Versienummer van de dataset. Wanneer de inhoud van de dataset structureel word gewijzigd (dus niet de dagelijkse update of een correctie op record niveau) , zal het versienummer aangepast worden (+1) en ook de corresponderende metadata in RIVMdata (data.rivm.nl). Date: Datum waarvoor het aantal besmettelijken is geschat prev_low: Ondergrens 95% betrouwbaarheidsinterval prev_avg: Geschat aantal besmettelijken prev_up: Bovengrens 95% betrouwbaarheidsinterval population: patiëntpopulatie met waarde “hosp” voor gehospitaliseerde patiënten of “testpos” voor test-positieve patiënten Let op: vanaf vrijdag 5 maart 2021 wordt de open data van het aantal besmettelijke personen twee keer per week gepubliceerd. Op dinsdag en op vrijdag, om 15.15 uur. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Covid-19 contagious persons per day The number of contagious persons was reported for the last time on 6 July 2021, because this number is based on the number of hospital admissions. In this phase of the epidemic, where more and more people are vaccinated and therefore fewer people are hospitalized, the number of infections in the population is increasingly out of step with the number of hospital admissions. Therefore, the number of contagious persons is no longer calculated. The number of contagious persons per day in the Netherlands follows from the number of infections per day in the Netherlands and the number of days that an infected person can infect other persons. The number of infections per day in the Netherlands is estimated on the basis of serological data and hospital admissions per age group. We define infected persons here as people who have an infection, and who are also contagious to a reasonable degree, whereby demonstrable antibodies are eventually formed after this infection. From October 8, we use serological data from June 2020, before that we used serological data from April 2020. Between June 12 and October 8, the number of contagious people was also based on the number of test-positive cases because hospital admissions were very low; this step is now omitted. If someone contracts the corona virus, he/she is contagious to others for a while. How long this takes varies from person to person. We assume that an infected person is contagious from two days before symptoms to four to eight days after symptoms. Description of the variables: version: Version number of the dataset. When the content of the dataset is structurally changed (so not the daily update or a correction at record level), the version number will be adjusted (+1) and also the corresponding metadata in RIVMdata (data.rivm.nl). Date: Date for which the number of contagious people was estimated prev_low: Lower bound 95% confidence interval prev_avg: Estimated number of contagious persons prev_up: Upper bound 95% confidence interval population: patient population with value “hosp” for hospitalized patients or “testpos” for test-positive patients Please note: from Friday 5 March 2021, the open data on the number of contagious persons will be published twice a week. On Tuesdays and Fridays, at 3:15 p.m.

This file contains the results of the trend study dealing with rules of conduct. A representative group of people is regularly asked whether they comply with the rules of conduct that have been set in response to the Corona pandemic and what they think of the rules of conduct. Up to and including round 27 this was every three weeks, then every four weeks, and from round 33 every six weeks. There is an interval of almost four months between rounds 30 and 31. For more information about the research design: https://www.rivm.nl/gedragsonderzoek/trendonderzoek/backgroundinformation From round 36, corona-specific behavioral advice will no longer apply. There are still general behavioral recommendations to prevent respiratory infections. The file contains national (all rounds) and per Security Region (up to and including round 30) data on: - Compliance with the code of conduct - Support for the code of conduct - Self-efficacy (how difficult or easy do you find it to follow the code of conduct?) - Response effectiveness (does it help if everyone follows the rules of conduct?) - Social norm (do you see most people in your immediate environment follow the rules of conduct?) - Affective response (are you worried about the coronavirus?) - Willingness to vaccinate - Corona-related complaints - Psychological health (from round 31) - Loneliness (from round 31) Rules of conduct Compliance, support, self-efficacy, response effectiveness and social norm are queried for the following rules of conduct: - Curfew: stay at home after 9 p.m. have corona-related complaints (up to and including round 11) - Bij_klachten_blijf_terecht_thuis: stay at home if you have corona-related complaints, unless you have taken a negative test (from round 11) - Bij_klachten_laat_testen: do a corona test if you have complaints (at the GGD or a self-test ) - In case of_complaints_posttest_isolation: stay at home if you have a positive test result - Wear_facemask_in_public transport: wear a facemask in public transport - Wear_facemask_in_public_indoor spaces: wear a facemask in public indoor spaces - Wear_facemask_in_busy_places: wear a facemask in busy places outside - Cough_sneeze_in_elbow: if you have to cough or sneeze , then do this in the elbow - Keep_1_5m_distance: keep 1.5 meters away from others (compliance measured in different situations) - Receive_max_visitors_home: receive a maximum number of visitors at home (the recommended maximum varied over time, measured at the current time) advice) - Ventilate_house: provide sufficient fresh air in your home (usually or always ventilate and ventilate the room where you wash the most for 15 minutes or more twice or more per day) - Avoid_busy_places: avoid busy places or turn around if you do come to a busy place - Wash_your_hands_often: wash your hands regularly (more than 10 times a day) - Work_home: work (partly) at home if possible (advice varied over time) - Self-test_visit: do a self-test before visiting someone Data The file contains the following data: - Percentage or average - 95% confidence interval lower limit - 95% confidence interval upper limit - Change with respect to the previous measurement - Number of respondents in the sample By Security Region, per measurement period per indicator category per indicator Records The file contains the following set of records per questionnaire round: - A record for each Security Region in the Netherlands per indicator category per indicator (up to and including round 30, from round 31 only the Netherlands) - A record for total percentages in the Netherlands per indicator category per indicator per age category, by level of education and by gender indication (from round 32, participants whose gender is different from male or female participate. Because this is a small group of participants, this group is not shown in its own record, but they do count in the total) Indicator categories Compliance: Are the requested rules of conduct being observed (current behaviour)? Support base: To what extent do you support the code of conduct? Help_rules: Suppose everyone followed the government's rules of conduct, how well would that help to prevent the spread of the corona virus? Difficulty: How difficult or easy do you find it to comply with the rule of conduct? Close_environment: Do most of the people in the immediate environment of the surveyed follow the rules of conduct? Concerns: Are you concerned about the coronavirus? Vaccination readiness: Do you want to be vaccinated against covid? Complaints: Percentage of people with corona-related complaints Mental: Mental health in four categories based on the MHI-5. Loneliness: Loneliness in three categories based on De Jong Gierveld's abbreviated Loneliness Scale. Variables Description of the variables: Date_of_report: Date and time on which the data file was created by RIVM. Date_of_measurement: Date of the measurement started. The measurement duration is one week. The measurement therefore took place on the said date and six days afterwards. Wave Sequence number of the measurement Region_code: Netherlands and Security region code. The Netherlands has code NL00. See also: https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/figures/detail/84721ENG?q=Safety Region_name: The Netherlands and name of the Security Region. This is the name of the Security Regions as used so far in various reports and reports by the RIVM, and may differ slightly from the naming as indicated in the CBS code list (see link above under variable Security_region_code). See also: https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/onderwerpen/veiligheidsregios-en-crisisbeheer/veiligheidsregios Subgroup_category: Dimensions into which the figures are broken down: - All (Total; no breakdown) - Gender (Male / Female) - Age (16 – 24 years old / 25 – 39 years old / 40 – 54 years old / 55 – 69 years old / 70+) - Education level (Low / Middle / High ) Subgroup: Name of the dimension (see Subgroup_category) Indicator_category: Categorization of the indicators: - Compliance - Support - Help_rules - Difficulty - Neighbor_environment - Worry - Willingness to vaccinate - Complaints - Psychological - Loneliness Indicator: Compliance, Support, Helping_rules, Effort and Neighbor_environment for the following rules of conduct: - Curfew - In case of_complaints_stay_at home - In case of_complaints_stay_right_at home - In case of_complaints_late_tests - In case of_complaints_posttest_isolation - Wear_facemask_in_OV - Wear_mouth cap_in_public_interior_spaces - Wear_mask_on_busy_places - Cough_sneeze_in_elbow - Keep_1_5m_distance - Receive_max_visitors_at home - Worked_home hours: Average percentage of hours a participant works at home of the hours a participant works - Ventilating_house - Avoid_busy_places - Wash_your_hands_often_your_hands - Work_home - Self-test_visit Concerns: - Concerns_about_Coronavirus Willingness to vaccinate (up to and including round 19): - Already_vaccinated - Yes - No - Don't know_Don't know Vaccinated_or_prepared - Yes (had at least one vaccination or willing to vaccinate) - No - Don't know (this answer option will no longer apply from round 31) Complaints at the time of completing the questionnaire: - At least_one_corona_related Sample_size: Number of respondents who have answered given to a question Figure_type: Grade (Percentage / Average) Value Calculated value of the Indicator Lower_limit 95% confidence interval lower limit Upper_limit 95% confidence interval upper limit Change_wrt_previous_measurement Significant (p < .05) difference compared to the previous measurement period (-1 = decrease / 0 = stayed the same / 1 = increased)

In November 2020, the measures taken to prevent the further spread of the coronavirus were far from being approved unanimously by the Dutch population. According to this survey, 38 percent of Dutch respondents believed that the government did not take enough measures, whereas 37 respondents stated that the government took adequate measures. To this day, the Netherlands registered 493 thousand confirmed cases for over nine thousand deaths. However, according to one out of five respondents, too many measures were taken by the government.

For English, see below Dit bestand bevat de volgende aantallen: - Aantal per VOC, VOI en VUM gedetecteerd per week - Totaal aantal metingen, de noemer, per wekelijkse steekproef Dit is gesplitst in de door de WHO (https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/) en/of ECDC (https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/variants-concern) aangemerkte Variant of Concern (VOC), Variant of Interest (VOI) en Variant Under Monitoring (VUM). De week waartoe een monster behoord is gebaseerd op de datum van bemonstering. De aantallen zijn gebaseerd op de aselecte steekproef afkomstig uit de kiemsurveillance, dit betekent dat samples behorend tot uitbraken niet geïncludeerd zijn in de data. Het bestand is als volgt opgebouwd: - Een record per VOC, VOI en VUM aangemerkte SARS-CoV-2 variant per week. Dit bestand wordt wekelijks op de vrijdag geüpdatet. De manier waarop deze informatie gegenereerd wordt is anders dan de snel-testen en PCR-testen. Er worden geavanceerdere machines gebruikt die een langere doorlooptijd hebben dan, bijvoorbeeld, de machines gebruikt voor PCR-testen. Door alle logistieke processen is het daarom niet haalbaar om een representatief beeld te vormen van de laatste twee weken: deze worden dan ook niet gerapporteerd. Aanvullend, het kiemsurveillance project is sinds oktober 2020 operationeel met een toenemend aantal wekelijkse monsters tot medio begin Januari 2021, daarom zijn oudere data niet beschikbaar. Bij alle gerapporteerde data zijn de instructies, definities en voetnoten zoals vermeld op https://www.rivm.nl/coronavirus-covid-19/virus/varianten leidend. N.B.: Door internationaal veranderende stamnaam definities op basis van voortschrijdend wetenschappelijk inzicht kunnen de records in de hier gepresenteerde data aangepast worden. Changelog: Versie 2 update (29 oktober 2021): - Een kolom WHO_category is toegevoegd met de actuele variant categorie (VOC/VOI/VUM) zoals toegewezen door de WHO. - Naast de categorieën VOC en VOI wordt nu ook de categorie VUM geïncludeerd in het bestand. Versie 3 update (10 december 2021): - Een kolom May_include_samples_listed_before is toegevoegd met daarin een waarde TRUE het mogelijk is dat de gerapporteerde Variant_cases samples aggregeert die al in een eerdere variant in de tabel zijn geïncludeerd. Wanneer dit niet mogelijk is, is de waarde FALSE. Versie 4 update (8 juli 2022): - De kolom May_include_samples_listed_before is vervangen door een kolom Is_subvariant_of. Indien deze variant een subvariant is van een andere variant die is genoemd, bevat deze kolom een waarde die correspondeert met de Variant_code van de andere variant. De aantallen (Variant_cases) van deze subvariant zijn een subset van die van de andere variant. Beschrijving van de variabelen: Version: Versienummer van de dataset. Wanneer de inhoud van de dataset structureel word gewijzigd (dus niet de wekelijkse update of een correctie op record niveau), zal het versienummer aangepast worden (+1) en ook de corresponderende metadata in RIVM data (data.rivm.nl). Date_of_report: Datum en tijd waarop het databestand voor het laatst is bijgewerkt door het RIVM. Schrijfwijze: YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss. Date_of_statistics_week_start: De datum van de maandag - eerste dag van die week - waarvoor de aantallen per week worden gepresenteerd. De laatste dag van de week is de zondag. Schrijfwijze: YYYY-MM-DD. Variant_code: Wetenschappelijke naam van SARS-CoV-2 variant op basis van Pangolin nomenclature. Kan letters, cijfers en punten bevatten. Variant_name: Actuele WHO label van SARS-CoV-2 variant. Bestaat enkel uit letters. ECDC_category: Geeft aan of het een Variant of Concern (VOC), Variant of Interest (VOI), Variant under Monitoring (VUM), of De-escalated Variant (DEV) is volgens de actuele definities van ECDC. Voor meer info zie ook: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/variants-concern. WHO_category: Geeft aan of het een Variant of Concern (VOC), Variant of Interest (VOI) of Variant under Monitoring (VUM) is volgens de actuele definities van WHO. Voor meer info zie ook: https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/ Is_subvariant_of: Indien deze variant een subvariant is van een andere variant die is genoemd, bevat deze kolom een waarde die correspondeert met de Variant_code van de andere variant. De aantallen (Variant_cases) van deze subvariant zijn een subset van die van de andere variant. Sample_size: Toont de totale steekproefgrootte in de betreffende week aan. Bestaat enkel uit hele getallen. Variant_cases: Toont aan voor hoeveel gevallen uit de steekproef in de betreffende week de specifieke VOC, VOI of VUM gevonden is. Bestaat enkel uit hele getallen. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Covid-19 reporting of SARS-CoV-2 variants in the Netherlands through the random sample of RT-PCR positive samples in the national surveillance of virus variants. This file contains the following numbers: - Number per VOC, VOI and VUM detected per week - Total number of measurements, the denominator, per weekly sample This is split into the WHO (https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/) and/or ECDC (https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/variants-concern) designated Variant of Concern (VOC), Variant of Interest (VOI) and Variant Under Monitoring (VUM). The week to which a sample belongs is based on the date of sampling. The numbers are based on the random sample from the virus variant surveillance, which means that samples belonging to outbreaks are not included in the data. The file is structured as follows: - One record per VOC, VOI and VUM noted SARS-CoV-2 variant per week. This file is updated weekly on Fridays. The way this information is generated is different from the rapid tests and PCR tests. More advanced machines are used that have a longer run time than, for example, the machines used for PCR testing. Due to all the logistics processes, it is therefore not feasible to form a representative picture of the most recent two weeks: these are not reported for that reason. Additionally, the virus variant surveillance project has been operational since October 2020 with an increasing number of weekly samples until mid-early January 2021, therefore older data is not available. For all reported data, the instructions, definitions and footnotes as stated on https://www.rivm.nl/coronavirus-covid-19/virus/varianten are leading. Please note, due to internationally changing variant name definitions based on advancing scientific insight, the records in the data presented here can be adjusted. Changelog: Version 2 update (October 29, 2021): - A WHO_category column has been added with the current variant category (VOC/VOI/VUM) as assigned by the WHO. - In addition to the VOC and VOI categories, the VUM category is now also included in the file. Version 3 update (December 10, 2021): - A column May_include_samples_listed_before has been added with a value TRUE whenever it is possible for the reported Variant_cases to aggregate samples that have already been included in a previous variant in the table. When this is not possible, the value is FALSE. Version 4 update (July 8, 2022): - The May_include_samples_listed_before column has been replaced by an Is_subvariant_of column. If this variant is a subvariant of another variant mentioned, this column contains a value that corresponds to the Variant_code of the other variant. The numbers (Variant_cases) of this subvariant are a subset of those of the other variant. Description of the variables: Version: Version number of the dataset. When the content of the dataset is structurally changed (so not the weekly update or a correction at record level), the version number will be adjusted (+1) and also the corresponding metadata in RIVM data (data.rivm.nl). Date_of_report: Date and time when the database was last updated by the RIVM. Notation: YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss. Date_of_statistics_week_start: The date of the Monday - first day of that week - for which the numbers per week are presented. The last day of the week is Sunday. Notation: YYYY-MM-DD. Variant_code: Scientific name of SARS-CoV-2 variant based on Pangolin nomenclature. Can contain letters, numbers and periods. Variant_name: Current WHO label of SARS-CoV-2 variant. Consists of letters only. ECDC_category: Indicates whether it is a Variant of Concern (VOC), Variant of Interest (VOI), Variant under Monitoring (VUM), or De-escalated Variant (DEV) according to ECDC's current definitions. For more information see also: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19/variants-concern. WHO_category: Indicates whether it is a Variant of Concern (VOC), Variant of Interest (VOI) or Variant under Monitoring (VUM) according to the current WHO definitions. For more information see also: https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants/ Is_subvariant_of: If this variant is a subvariant of another variant that has been mentioned, this column contains a value that corresponds to the Variant_code of the other variant. The numbers (Variant_cases) of this subvariant are a subset of those of the other variant. Sample_size: Shows the total sample size in that week. Consists of whole numbers only. Variant_cases: Shows for how many cases from the sample from that week the specific VOC, VOI or VUM was found. Consists of whole numbers only.

For English, see below Dit bestand bevat: - Het aantal Covid-19 IC opnames in Nederland, per datum van IC opname en per datum waarop de gegevens zijn gemeld aan de NICE registratie (https://www.stichting-nice.nl). De aantallen betreffen Covid-19 IC opnames sinds de eerste melding in Nederland (27/02/2020) tot en met 1 april 2024. Per 1 april 2024 is de NICE COVID-19 klinische registratie gestopt. Daardoor wordt de data vanaf 17 april 2024 niet meer bijgewerkt. Informatie over het aantal COVID-19 ziekenhuisopnames en de bedbezetting wordt nog gerapporteerd door het LCPS (https://lcps.nu/datafeed/). Het aantal ziekenhuisopnames in de NICE COVID-19 registratie werd tussen april 2023 en april 2024 steeds minder compleet, vergeleken met het aantal ziekenhuisopnames gerapporteerd door het LCPS. Het bestand is als volgt opgebouwd: - Een record per datum van statistiek voor Nederland, ook als er op de betreffende dag geen opname of meldingen zijn. De aantallen zijn dan 0 (nul). De genoemde datum voor statistiek kan betrekking hebben op een IC opnamedatum of de datum dat het ziekenhuis een IC opname heeft gemeld aan de NICE registratie. Beschrijving van de variabelen: Version: versienummer van de dataset. Wanneer de inhoud van de dataset structureel word gewijzigd (dus niet de dagelijkse update of een correctie op record niveau), zal het versienummer aangepast worden (+1) en ook de corresponderende metadata in RIVMdata (https://data.rivm.nl). Versie 2 update (9 augustus 2022) -Vanaf 9 augustus 2022 zijn nieuwe opnames van personen met een SARS-CoV-2 besmetting die tijdens een eerdere COVID-19 episode ook opgenomen zijn geweest, toegevoegd aan dit open databestand. Om deze reden valt het aantal opnames met terugwerkende kracht hoger uit dan in onze voorgaande bestanden. De onderschatting van het aantal opnames sinds het begin van de pandemie tot 9 augustus 2022 is minder dan 1%. Een opname wordt geteld als een nieuwe opname wanneer een persoon met een SARS-CoV-2 besmetting een opname datum heeft die meer dan 90 dagen na de voorgaande opname. Versie 3 update (1 september 2022) - Vanaf 1 september 2022 wordt de data niet meer iedere werkdag geüpdatet, maar op dinsdagen en vrijdagen. De data wordt op deze dagen met terugwerkende kracht bijgewerkt voor de andere dagen. - Vanaf 1 september 2022 is deze dataset opgesplitst in twee delen. Het eerste deel bevat de data vanaf het begin van de pandemie tot en met 3 oktober 2021 (week 39) en bevat ‘tm’ in de bestandsnaam. Deze data wordt niet meer geüpdatet. Het tweede deel bevat de data vanaf 4 oktober 2021 (week 40) en wordt iedere dinsdag en vrijdag geüpdatet. Versie 4 update (4 april 2023) - Vanaf 4 april 2023 zal dit bestand wekelijks op dinsdag worden geüpdatet. De data wordt met terugwerkende kracht bijgewerkt voor de andere dagen. Vanaf 6 september 2023 wordt dit bestand wekelijks op woensdag geüpdatet. De data wordt met terugwerkende kracht bijgewerkt voor de andere dagen. Date_of_report: Datum en tijd waarop het databestand is aangemaakt door het RIVM. Date_of_statistics: Datum van IC opname (variabele IC_admission) of de datum waarop de IC opname is gemeld aan de NICE registratie (variabele IC_admission_notification). IC_admission_notification: Het aantal nieuwe, bij de NICE registratie gemelde, COVID-19 patiënten dat op de IC is opgenomen per datum waarop de IC opname is gemeld [Date_of_statistics]. IC_admission: Het aantal nieuwe, bij de NICE registratie gemelde, COVID-19 patiënten dat op de IC is opgenomen per IC opnamedatum [Date_of_statistics]. Een patiënt kan meerdere keren op de IC worden opgenomen. In dit open databestand is één IC opname per patiënt opgenomen. RIVM en de NICE registratie hebben de methode om in dergelijke gevallen de meest relevante IC opnamedatum te bepalen zoveel mogelijk gelijk getrokken, maar de aantallen kunnen iets afwijken van de gegevens zoals gepresenteerd door de NICE registratie Ondanks dat aan ziekenhuizen wordt gevraagd meerdere malen per dag de COVID-19 patiënten te registeren, kan de registratie van het aantal patiënten achterlopen. Dit heeft als gevolg dat de aantallen van de afgelopen dagen nog onvolledig kunnen zijn (https://www.stichting-nice.nl). Correcties die in meldingen in het bronsysteem van de NICE registratie worden gedaan door medewerkers van ziekenhuizen kunnen ook leiden tot correcties in dit databestand. Aantallen die in het verleden door het RIVM zijn gepubliceerd kunnen in dat geval afwijken van de aantallen in dit databestand. Dit bestand bevat op het moment van aanmaken en publicatie dus altijd de meest actuele gegevens volgens het bronsysteem van de NICE registratie. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Covid-19 Intensive Care Unit admissions (ICU) in the Netherlands, per ICU admission date and notification date (according to NICE registration) This file contains: - The number of Covid-19 ICU admissions in the Netherlands, per date of ICU admission and per date on which the data were reported to the NICE registry (https://www.stichting-nice.nl). The numbers concern Covid-19 ICU admissions since the first report in the Netherlands (27/02/2020) up to April 1st 2024. The NICE COVID-19 clinical registration has been stopped as of 1 April 2024. As a result, the data will no longer be updated from April 17, 2024. Information about the number of COVID-19 hospital admissions and bed occupancy is still reported by the LCPS (https://lcps.nu/datafeed/). The number of hospital admissions in the NICE COVID-19 registry became less complete between April 2023 and April 2024, compared to the number of hospital admissions reported by the LCPS. The file is structured as follows: - A record per date of statistics for the Netherlands, even if there are no recordings or reports on the day in question. The numbers are then 0 (zero). The stated date for statistics may relate to an ICU admission date or the date on which the hospital reported an ICU admission to the NICE registry. Description of the variables: Version: version number of the dataset. When the content of the dataset is structurally changed (so not the daily update or a correction at record level), the version number will be adjusted (+1) and also the corresponding metadata in RIVMdata (https://data.rivm.nl). Version 2 update (August 9, 2022) -From August 9, 2022, new admissions of persons with a SARS-CoV-2 infection who were also admitted during a previous COVID-19 episode have been added to this open data file. For this reason, the number of admissions has been retroactively adjusted upwards. The underestimation of admissions since the start of the pandemic to August 9, 2022 is less than 1%. An admission is counted as a new admission when a person with a SARS-CoV-2 infection has a admission date that is more than 90 days after the previous admission. Version 3 update (September 1, 2022) - From September 1, 2022, the data will no longer be updated every working day, but on Tuesdays and Fridays. The data is retroactively updated on these days for the other days. - As of September 1, 2022, this dataset is split into two parts. The first part contains the dates from the start of the pandemic till October 3, 2021 (week 39) and contains "tm" in the file name. This data will no longer be updated. The second part contains the data from October 4, 2021 (week 40) and is updated every Tuesday and Friday. Version 4 update (April 4, 2023) - From April 4, 2023, this file will be updated weekly on Tuesdays. The data is retroactively updated for the other days. From September 6, 2023, this file will be updated weekly on Wednesdays. The data is retroactively updated for the other days. Date_of_report: Date and time on which the data file was created by the RIVM. Date_of_statistics: Date of ICU admission (variable IC_admission) or the date on which the ICU admission was reported to the NICE registry (variable IC_admission_notification). IC_admission_notification: The number of new COVID-19 patients reported to the NICE registry who have been admitted to the ICU per date on which the ICU admission was reported [Date_of_statistics]. IC_admission: The number of new COVID-19 patients reported to the NICE registry who were admitted to the ICU per ICU admission date [Date_of_statistics]. A patient can be admitted to the ICU several times. This open data file includes one IC recording per patient. The RIVM and the NICE registry have aligned the method for determining the most relevant ICU admission date in such cases as much as possible, but the numbers may differ slightly from the data presented by the NICE registry. Despite the fact that hospitals are asked to register COVID-19 patients several times a day, the registration of the number of patients may lag behind. As a result, the numbers of the past few days may still be incomplete (https://www.stichting-nice.nl). Corrections made in reports in the source system of the NICE registration by employees of hospitals can also lead to corrections in this database. In that case, numbers published by the RIVM in the past may deviate from the numbers in this database. At the time of creation and publication, this file therefore always contains the most up-to-date data according to the source system of the NICE registration.

In the days directly following a press conference by the Dutch government that first emphasized the seriousness of the situation, foot traffic in shopping streets declined by 40 percent. The week after, the number of visitors decreased by 50 percent more, compared to week 11 (mid March). After this initial collective effort to stay at home, shopping streets slowly started welcoming more people in the following weeks. Reasons for this included the alleviation of coronavirus fear, the re-opening of shops, bars and restaurants, and more flexibility in the Dutch government's social distancing rules.

Coronavirus progression in the Netherlands

There was a correlation between the number of new COVID-19 cases and the amount of foot traffic on the streets in the Netherlands. This suggests that people were afraid to go outside because of the high amount of daily infections. The peak of the coronavirus outbreak occurred in weeks 11 to 16, during which foot traffic was also very low. After the busyness of shopping streets decreased rapidly in weeks 11 and 12, it first gained momentum again in week 17, with foot traffic increasing by almost a quarter compared to week 16. As the daily number of new infections declined steadily, more people dared to go back out on the streets.

Empty street on the boulevard of broken dreams

Contrary to most other European countries, the Netherlands never imposed a nationwide forced closure of all shops. Nonetheless, many stores closed on their own initiative, suffering from a massive decline in customers and struggling to operate amid tough social distancing rules. Contrary to retailers, restaurants and cafes were forced to close their doors until June. The disparity in government-imposed measures was strongly reflected by consumer spending figures: whereas supermarkets thrived, restaurants suffered. All in all, the combination of the closure of most stores and the complete lack of gastronomical and cultural destinations did not do the city center’s appeal much good.