This publication reports on newly diagnosed cancers registered in England during 2022. It includes this summary report showing key findings, spreadsheet tables with more detailed estimates, and a methodology document. Cancer registration estimates are provided for: • Incidence of cancer using groupings that incorporate both the location and type of cancer by combinations of gender, age, deprivation, and stage at diagnosis (where appropriate) for England, former Government office regions, Cancer alliances and Integrated care boards • Incidence and mortality (using ICD-10 3-digit codes) by gender and age group for England, former Government office regions, Cancer alliances and Integrated care boards This publication will report on 2022 cancer registrations only, trends will not be reported as the required re-stated populations for 2012 to 2020 are not expected to be published by the Office of National Statistics (ONS) until Winter 2024.

Descriptive statistics for participants included in the genome-wide association studies of lung cancer, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung function and heart rate.

Univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomisation IVW and Egger analysis of nicotine exposure proxies (nicotine metabolite ratio, cotinine and cotinine+3’hydroxycotinine) and smoking heaviness (cigarettes per day) and lung cancer.

Details of the inclusion and exclusion of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the analysis exploring the effect of cotinine plus 3’hydroxycotinine (3HC) and smoking heaviness on lung cancer.

Details of the inclusion and exclusion of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the analysis exploring the effect of nicotine metabolite ratio and smoking heaviness on UK Biobank smoking-related health outcomes.

Details of the inclusion and exclusion of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the analysis exploring the effect of cotinine and smoking heaviness on UK Biobank smoking-related health outcomes.

Details of the inclusion and exclusion of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the analysis exploring the effect of nicotine metabolite ratio and smoking heaviness on lung cancer.

BackgroundTea consumption has been associations with a lower risk of mortality and numerous health benefits. However, it is still unclear whether consuming tea with or without sugar or sweeteners has different effects on mortality. It is necessary to investigate the associations of unsweetened, sugar-sweetened, and artificially sweetened tea consumption with all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality.MethodsIn this population-based cohort study of 195,361 UK Biobank participants who completed at least one 24-h dietary recall, we examined tea consumption by type (unsweetened, sugar-sweetened, artificially sweetened). Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines were used to assess nonlinear associations between tea intake and the risks of all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. We also conducted subgroup analyses stratified by genetic score for caffeine metabolism.ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 13.6 years, 11,718 all-cause deaths were recorded, including 2,202 deaths from CVD and 6,415 from cancer. A U-shaped association was observed between tea consumption and mortality risk. Compared with non-consumers, individuals consuming 3.5–4.5 drinks per day of unsweetened tea had the lowest risks of all-cause (HR, 0.80; 95% CI: 0.75–0.86), cancer (HR, 0.86; 95% CI: 0.77–0.97), and CVD (HR, 0.73; 95% CI: 0.60–0.89). Sugar-sweetened tea showed no consistent or statistically significant associations with all-cause, cancer, or CVD mortality across different levels of consumption. Similarly, no significant associations were found for artificially sweetened tea. The observed associations between tea consumption and mortality were not modified by genetic predisposition to caffeine metabolism.ConclusionUnsweetened tea consumption was significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality. No consistent or statistically significant associations were observed for sugar-sweetened or artificially sweetened tea. The potential attenuation of tea’s protective effects by added sugar or artificial sweeteners warrants further investigation. Given current evidence, it may be advisable to consume tea without added sweeteners to optimize health benefits and longevity.

Average consumption per day of SSBs and impact of a 20% duty on calories (low and high estimates), data by gender and age group, based on NDNS data for 2008–10 [20].