Forex daily volume was nearly *** billion U.S. dollars for the USD currency, an amount ***** times higher than for the euro (EUR). The forex - or foreign exchange market - turnover per day is a figure that is not often measured, only once every three years. No figures are available for 2020, for instance. What figures are available, however, indicate that the USD currency far outweighs that of many other currencies all over the world. What is the forex market? The forex market is based on the fluctuations in the value of currency interest rates. For example, the U.S. dollar performs differently against other major currencies. If one can properly predict these fluctuations, they can buy a weaker currency with a stronger one. After the currencies rebalance, the original currency will be worth more in terms of the exchange rate, giving the investor a profit. There are many foreign exchange trading services, including many multinational banks which already work in multiple currencies. Other currency trading functions Countries and central banks typically hold foreign currencies. These international reserves help facilitate the transactions in international trade, which is one reason China’s foreign reserves are so high. Countries can buy and sell foreign currencies to maintain a particular exchange rate. This is necessary for currencies which are pegged to another currency, such as the U.S. dollar. However, some countries are accused of exchange rate manipulation to make their exports seem more attractive. Finally, certain currencies are considered safer. Citizens and firms in a country with an unstable currency will buy these currencies to avoid volatility, or even hyperinflation, in their home currency.

The dataset contains All India Daily Foreign Exchange Market Turnover in Financial Market.

Note: 1. Data relate to purchases and sales of foreign exchange on account of merchant and inter-bank transactions.

In 2022, the United Kingdom had by far the largest OTC (over the counter) foreign exchange (forex) market, with an average daily turnover of around 3.8 trillion U.S. dollars. Of this, the vast majority was due to various kinds of forex derivatives, with swaps being the most common forex instrument traded. Standard spot transactions, where two currencies are exchanged at an agreed price within two days and without a contact, only accounted for roughly one trillion U.S. dollars of the total average daily turnover.

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Foreign Exchange Market Size 2025-2029

The foreign exchange market size is forecast to increase by USD 582 billion, at a CAGR of 10.6% between 2024 and 2029.

The Foreign Exchange Market is segmented by type (reporting dealers, financial institutions, non-financial customers), trade finance instruments (currency swaps, outright forward and FX swaps, FX options), trading platforms (electronic trading, over-the-counter (OTC), mobile trading), and geography (North America: US, Canada; Europe: Germany, Switzerland, UK; Middle East and Africa: UAE; APAC: China, India, Japan; South America: Brazil; Rest of World). This segmentation reflects the market's global dynamics, driven by institutional trading, increasing digital adoption through electronic trading and mobile trading, and regional economic activities, with APAC markets like India and China showing significant growth alongside traditional hubs like the US and UK.
The market is experiencing significant shifts driven by the escalating trends of urbanization and digitalization. These forces are creating 24x7 trading opportunities, enabling greater accessibility and convenience for market participants. However, the market's dynamics are not without challenges. The uncertainty of future exchange rates poses a formidable obstacle for businesses and investors alike, necessitating robust risk management strategies. As urbanization continues to expand and digital technologies reshape the trading landscape, market players must adapt to remain competitive. One significant trend is the increasing use of money transfer agencies, venture capital investments, and mutual funds in foreign exchange transactions. Companies seeking to capitalize on these opportunities must navigate the challenges effectively, ensuring they stay abreast of exchange rate fluctuations and implement agile strategies to mitigate risk.
The ability to adapt and respond to these market shifts will be crucial for success in the evolving market.

What will be the Size of the Foreign Exchange Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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In the dynamic and intricate realm of the market, entities such as algorithmic trading, order book, order management systems, and liquidity risk intertwine, shaping the ever-evolving market landscape. The market's continuous unfolding is characterized by the integration of various components, including sentiment analysis, Fibonacci retracement, mobile trading, and good-for-the-day orders. Market activities are influenced by factors like political stability, monetary policy, and market liquidity, which in turn impact economic growth and trade settlement. Technical analysis, with its focus on chart patterns and moving averages, plays a crucial role in informing trading decisions. The market's complexity is further amplified by the presence of entities like credit risk, counterparty risk, and operational risk.

Central bank intervention, order execution, clearing and settlement, and trade confirmation are essential components of the market's infrastructure, ensuring a seamless exchange of currencies. Geopolitical risk, currency correlation, and inflation rates contribute to currency volatility, necessitating hedging strategies and risk management. Market risk, interest rate differentials, and commodity currencies influence trading strategies, while cross-border payments and brokerage services facilitate international trade. The ongoing evolution of the market is marked by the emergence of advanced trading platforms, automated trading, and real-time data feeds, enabling traders to make informed decisions in an increasingly interconnected and complex global economy.

How is this Foreign Exchange Industry segmented?

The foreign exchange industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Type

  Reporting dealers
  Financial institutions
  Non-financial customers


Trade Finance Instruments

  Currency swaps
  Outright forward and FX swaps
  FX options


Trading Platforms

  Electronic Trading
  Over-the-Counter (OTC)
  Mobile Trading


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    Germany
    Switzerland
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Type Insights

The reporting dealers segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

The market is a dynamic and complex ecosystem where various entities interplay to manage currency risks and facilitate international trade. Reporting dealers, as key participants,

By April 2022, average daily trades on the U.S. forex market had grown by over *** billion U.S. dollars compared to three years before. However, the forex market in the UK was larger, with an average daily turnover of **** trillion U.S. dollars in April 2019. These values relate to the total foreign exchange market, covering both spot transactions and forex derivatives like swaps forwards and options The forex - or foreign exchange market - turnover per day is a figure that is not often measured, only once every three years. No figures are available for 2020, for instance.

Turnover in the euro increased between 2019 and 2022, reflecting a growing share in global trading on foreign exchange markets. By 2022, trades of the euro currency on forex was over **** trillion U.S. dollars on average on a single day, a significant increase on the turnover of *** billion U.S. dollars recorded in 2001. The forex - or foreign exchange market - turnover per day is a figure that is not often measured, only once every three years.

Money Market: Forex: Overseas Interbank (In USD Currency): Transaction Volume Daily Average: 1 Month data was reported at 340,350.000 USD th in Feb 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 67,105.263 USD th for Jan 2025. Money Market: Forex: Overseas Interbank (In USD Currency): Transaction Volume Daily Average: 1 Month data is updated monthly, averaging 61,009.500 USD th from Jan 2013 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 146 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 405,833.333 USD th in Feb 2024 and a record low of 14,262.625 USD th in Jun 2017. Money Market: Forex: Overseas Interbank (In USD Currency): Transaction Volume Daily Average: 1 Month data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank Indonesia. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Monetary – Table ID.KAI019: Financial System Statistics: Money Market Sector.

By the end of 2019, forex trades involving the British pound in the United Kingdom had grown by nearly ** percent compared to the turnover in 2016. The daily volume of the British pound on UK foreign exchange markets now amounted to around *** trillion U.S. dollars in 2019, by far the highest value over the period surveyed. The forex - or foreign exchange market - turnover per day is a figure that is not often measured, only once every three years. No figures are available for 2020, for instance.

Foreign Exchange Market Outlook

The foreign exchange market, or forex market, is projected to experience robust growth over the coming years, with the market size anticipated to increase from approximately USD 2.4 trillion in 2023 to an estimated USD 3.5 trillion by 2032, reflecting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.2%. This growth is driven by a combination of factors, including the increasing global trade activities, the rise of digital trading platforms, and the greater participation of retail investors. Furthermore, advancements in technology, particularly in electronic trading platforms, have democratized forex trading, making it more accessible to individual investors and contributing significantly to the market expansion.

One of the primary growth factors for the foreign exchange market is the surge in international trade. As globalization continues to advance, businesses and governments are engaging in cross-border transactions more than ever before, necessitating currency exchanges. The need for hedging against foreign exchange risk is a crucial driver for forex demand, as businesses seek to mitigate the risks associated with currency fluctuations. Additionally, emerging markets are becoming increasingly significant players in global trade, leading to a greater volume of foreign exchange transactions. The increasing economic interdependence among nations has thus considerably bolstered the forex market.

The proliferation of digital trading platforms has also played a pivotal role in the forex market's growth. Innovations in financial technology have revolutionized trading environments, making them more efficient and user-friendly. The rise of electronic trading platforms has allowed for seamless transactions and real-time exchange rate monitoring, attracting a larger number of individual investors to the market. This technological enhancement has not only increased market liquidity but has also improved transaction speed and accuracy, thereby increasing the overall appeal of forex trading to a broader audience, including retail investors who were previously sidelined in such markets.

Geopolitical developments and macroeconomic policies have substantial impacts on the foreign exchange market. Government regulations, monetary policies, and international economic agreements can lead to significant currency fluctuations, thus affecting forex trading volumes. Central banks around the world, with their monetary policies, directly influence currency values, impacting the forex market. Political events such as elections, trade wars, and global health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic have demonstrated their potential to create volatility in currency markets, driving up trading volumes as investors seek to capitalize on or hedge against these fluctuations.

The regional outlook for the foreign exchange market highlights varying levels of growth across different geographies. North America leads the market, driven by the presence of major financial institutions and a high level of trading activity. Europe also holds a significant share due to its well-established financial markets and the presence of the Euro, a major global currency. The Asia Pacific region is poised for substantial growth, spurred by the economic rise of countries like China and India, which are increasingly engaging in international trade. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa, although smaller in market size, are expected to witness steady growth as they continue to integrate into the global economy and develop their financial infrastructures.

Type Analysis

The foreign exchange market is categorized by types such as spot, forward, swap, and options, each serving distinct purposes and client needs. Spot transactions, which involve the immediate exchange of currencies at current market rates, constitute a significant portion of forex trading due to their simplicity and liquidity. The ease with which spot trades can be executed provides a straightforward means for participants to engage in the forex market, catering predominantly to retail traders and smaller transactions. The immediacy of spot trading makes it particularly attractive for those seeking to capitalize on short-term currency fluctuations and provides a foundational understanding for many entering the forex market.

Forward contracts represent another critical segment. These are agreements to exchange currencies at a future date at a predetermined rate, providing a hedge against future currency risk. Forward contracts are particularly valuable for corporations and financial institutions that engage in international

Money Market: Forex: Domestic Interbank (In USD Currency): Transaction Frequency Daily Average: All Tenor data was reported at 38.250 Unit mn in Feb 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 28.632 Unit mn for Jan 2025. Money Market: Forex: Domestic Interbank (In USD Currency): Transaction Frequency Daily Average: All Tenor data is updated monthly, averaging 23.886 Unit mn from Jan 2013 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 146 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 43.857 Unit mn in Jun 2014 and a record low of 6.409 Unit mn in Sep 2021. Money Market: Forex: Domestic Interbank (In USD Currency): Transaction Frequency Daily Average: All Tenor data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank Indonesia. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Monetary – Table ID.KAI019: Financial System Statistics: Money Market Sector.

The foreign exchange (Forex) market is a global decentralized market for the trading of currencies. It is the largest financial market in the world, with an average daily trading volume of over $5 trillion. The market size is expected to reach $84 million by 2033, growing at a CAGR of 5.83% during the forecast period 2025-2033. Key drivers of the Forex market growth include increasing international trade, rising foreign direct investment, and growing demand for hedging and speculation. The market is also being driven by the increasing use of online trading platforms and the growing popularity of cryptocurrencies. The major players in the Forex market include Deutsche Bank, UBS, JP Morgan, State Street, XTX Markets, Jump Trading, Citi, Bank of New York Mellon, Bank America, and Goldman Sachs. The market is segmented by type (spot Forex, currency swap, outright forward, Forex swaps, Forex options, other types), counterparty (reporting dealers, other financial institutions, non-financial customers), and region (North America, South America, Europe, Middle East & Africa, Asia Pacific). Recent developments include: In November 2023, JP Morgan revealed the introduction of novel FX Warrants denominated in Hong Kong dollars in the Hong Kong market, marking its status as the inaugural issuer in Asia to present FX Warrants featuring CNH/HKD (Chinese Renminbi traded outside Mainland China/Hong Kong dollar) and JPY/HKD (Japanese Yen/Hong Kong dollar) as underlying currency pairs. These fresh FX Warrants are set to commence trading on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange., In October 2023, Deutsche Bank AG finalized its purchase of Numis Corporation Plc. The integration of both brands under the name 'Deutsche Numis' underscores their collective influence and standing in the UK and global markets. 'Deutsche Numis' emerges as a prominent entity in UK investment banking and the preferred advisor for UK-listed companies. This acquisition aligns with Deutsche Bank's Global Hausbank strategy, aiming to become the primary partner for clients in financial services and fostering stronger relationships with corporations throughout the United Kingdom., In June 2023, UBS successfully finalized the acquisition of Credit Suisse, marking a significant achievement. Credit Suisse Group AG has merged into UBS Group AG, forming a unified banking entity.. Key drivers for this market are: International Transactions Driven by Growing Tourism Driving Market Demand, Market Liquidity Impacting the Foreign Exchange Market. Potential restraints include: International Transactions Driven by Growing Tourism Driving Market Demand, Market Liquidity Impacting the Foreign Exchange Market. Notable trends are: FX Swaps is leading the market.

Average daily turnover of the U.S. dollar on global foreign exchange (forex) markets increased more than **** fold from 2001 to 2022. In total - covering both spot transactions and forex derivatives like swaps, forwards and options - the average daily turnover of the U.S. dollar as of ********** amounted to *** trillion U.S. dollars. The forex - or foreign exchange market - turnover per day is a figure that is not often measured, only once every three years. No figures are available for 2020, for instance.

This analysis presents a rigorous exploration of financial data, incorporating a diverse range of statistical features. By providing a robust foundation, it facilitates advanced research and innovative modeling techniques within the field of finance.

What is forex trading?

Financial data:

• Historical daily stock prices (open, high, low, close, volume)

• Fundamental data (e.g., market capitalization, price to earnings P/E ratio, dividend yield, earnings per share EPS, price to earnings growth, debt-to-equity ratio, price-to-book ratio, current ratio, free cash flow, projected earnings growth, return on equity, dividend payout ratio, price to sales ratio, credit rating)

• Technical indicators (e.g., moving averages, RSI, MACD, average directional index, aroon oscillator, stochastic oscillator, on-balance volume, accumulation/distribution A/D line, parabolic SAR indicator, bollinger bands indicators, fibonacci, williams percent range, commodity channel index)

Machine learning features:

• Feature engineering based on financial data and technical indicators

• Sentiment analysis data from social media and news articles

• Macroeconomic data (e.g., GDP, unemployment rate, interest rates, consumer spending, building permits, consumer confidence, inflation, producer price index, money supply, home sales, retail sales, bond yields)

Potential Applications:

• Stock price prediction

• Portfolio optimization

• Algorithmic trading

• Market sentiment analysis

• Risk management

Use Cases:

• Researchers investigating the effectiveness of machine learning in stock market prediction

• Analysts developing quantitative trading Buy/Sell strategies

• Individuals interested in building their own stock market prediction models

• Students learning about machine learning and financial applications

Additional Notes:

• The dataset may include different levels of granularity (e.g., daily, hourly)

• Data cleaning and preprocessing are essential before model training

• Regular updates are recommended to maintain the accuracy and relevance of the data

Money Market: Rupiah: Repo: Transaction Volume Daily Average: All Tenor data was reported at 16,489.000 IDR bn in Feb 2025. This records an increase from the previous number of 16,310.912 IDR bn for Jan 2025. Money Market: Rupiah: Repo: Transaction Volume Daily Average: All Tenor data is updated monthly, averaging 786.000 IDR bn from Jan 2013 (Median) to Feb 2025, with 146 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 18,597.878 IDR bn in Feb 2024 and a record low of 103.450 IDR bn in Jan 2016. Money Market: Rupiah: Repo: Transaction Volume Daily Average: All Tenor data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Bank Indonesia. The data is categorized under Indonesia Premium Database’s Monetary – Table ID.KAI019: Financial System Statistics: Money Market Sector.

Singapore Foreign Exchange Market: Turnover: in USD: Daily Average data was reported at 455.553 USD bn in Sep 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 474.088 USD bn for Aug 2018. Singapore Foreign Exchange Market: Turnover: in USD: Daily Average data is updated monthly, averaging 168.214 USD bn from Jan 1991 (Median) to Sep 2018, with 333 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 541.518 USD bn in Feb 2018 and a record low of 49.217 USD bn in Dec 1992. Singapore Foreign Exchange Market: Turnover: in USD: Daily Average data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Monetary Authority of Singapore. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Singapore – Table SG.Z009: Foreign Exchange Market: Turnover.

South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Rand: Residents data was reported at 2,260,000,000.000 USD in Jul 2018. This records a decrease from the previous number of 2,702,000,000.000 USD for Jun 2018. South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Rand: Residents data is updated monthly, averaging 992,000,000.000 USD from Jan 1987 (Median) to Jul 2018, with 379 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 5,553,000,000.000 USD in Jun 2015 and a record low of 353,000,000.000 USD in Aug 1987. South Africa Trade Turnover: Daily Avg: Rand: Residents data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by South African Reserve Bank. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Africa – Table ZA.M014: Daily Trade Turnover: Foreign Exchange Market.

The global foreign exchange services market is projected to reach a value of USD XX million by 2033, exhibiting a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period (2025-2033). This growth is primarily driven by the increasing volume of international trade and investment, as well as the growing demand for currency exchange and remittance services. The rising adoption of digital technologies is further fueling market expansion, enabling seamless cross-border transactions and real-time currency conversion. The market is segmented into various categories based on application and type. Individuals, retailers, corporate institutes, and government agencies are the primary users of foreign exchange services. In terms of type, professionally managed accounts service, currency exchange and remittance service, trading programs and advisory service, and others are the major segments. Geographically, North America, South America, Europe, Middle East & Africa, and Asia Pacific are the key regions analyzed in the report. The study provides insights into the competitive landscape, market drivers and trends, restraints, and regional dynamics. Key players covered include American Express Company, Western Union Holdings, Inc., Capital One Financial Corporation, Bank of America Corporation, Citibank, Wells Fargo, JPMorgan Chase & Co., State Bank of India, Scotiabank, and GAIN Capital. Foreign exchange (forex) services are financial services that enable individuals and businesses to exchange one currency for another. The forex market is the largest financial market in the world, with a daily trading volume of over $5 trillion.

By the end of 2019, forex trades involving the euro in Spain had grown ************* USD dollars compared to the turnover in 2016. The daily volume of the euro on Spanish foreign exchange markets amounted to around ********** U.S. dollars in 2022, a similar level to the ********** U.S. dollars recorded in 2013. The forex - or foreign exchange market - turnover per day is a figure that is not often measured, only once every three years.

The global Foreign Exchange (FX) market, valued at $0.84 trillion in 2025, is projected to experience robust growth, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.83% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is driven by several key factors. Increased globalization and cross-border trade necessitate frequent currency conversions, fueling demand for FX services. Technological advancements, particularly in algorithmic trading and high-frequency trading (HFT), are enhancing efficiency and speed in the market, attracting larger volumes. Furthermore, the growing adoption of fintech solutions and digital platforms for FX transactions is simplifying processes and making the market more accessible to a broader range of participants. The regulatory landscape, while evolving, continues to support a healthy and transparent market environment. Major players, including Deutsche Bank, UBS, JP Morgan, State Street, and others, are strategically investing in technological upgrades and expanding their service offerings to capitalize on this growth. However, the market faces certain challenges. Geopolitical instability and fluctuations in global economic conditions can create volatility, impacting trading volumes and investor confidence. Cybersecurity threats also pose a significant risk to the integrity and security of FX transactions, demanding robust risk management strategies from market participants. Despite these restraints, the long-term outlook for the FX market remains positive, fueled by persistent growth in global commerce and ongoing technological advancements. The market's segmentation, while not explicitly provided, likely includes segments based on transaction type (spot, forward, options), client type (corporate, institutional, retail), and geographic region. The continued rise of emerging markets will likely contribute significantly to the overall market expansion throughout the forecast period. Recent developments include: In November 2023, JP Morgan revealed the introduction of novel FX Warrants denominated in Hong Kong dollars in the Hong Kong market, marking its status as the inaugural issuer in Asia to present FX Warrants featuring CNH/HKD (Chinese Renminbi traded outside Mainland China/Hong Kong dollar) and JPY/HKD (Japanese Yen/Hong Kong dollar) as underlying currency pairs. These fresh FX Warrants are set to commence trading on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange., In October 2023, Deutsche Bank AG finalized its purchase of Numis Corporation Plc. The integration of both brands under the name 'Deutsche Numis' underscores their collective influence and standing in the UK and global markets. 'Deutsche Numis' emerges as a prominent entity in UK investment banking and the preferred advisor for UK-listed companies. This acquisition aligns with Deutsche Bank's Global Hausbank strategy, aiming to become the primary partner for clients in financial services and fostering stronger relationships with corporations throughout the United Kingdom., In June 2023, UBS successfully finalized the acquisition of Credit Suisse, marking a significant achievement. Credit Suisse Group AG has merged into UBS Group AG, forming a unified banking entity.. Key drivers for this market are: International Transactions Driven by Growing Tourism Driving Market Demand, Market Liquidity Impacting the Foreign Exchange Market. Potential restraints include: International Transactions Driven by Growing Tourism Driving Market Demand, Market Liquidity Impacting the Foreign Exchange Market. Notable trends are: FX Swaps is leading the market.

This paper investigates the dynamics of foreign exchange futures trading volumes in Thailand through the VAR(2) model.