The Data Labeling Solutions and Services market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the escalating demand for high-quality training data in the artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) sectors. The market, estimated at $15 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 25% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $75 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the increasing adoption of AI across diverse industries, including automotive, healthcare, and finance, necessitates vast amounts of accurately labeled data for model training and improvement. Secondly, advancements in deep learning algorithms and the emergence of sophisticated data annotation tools are streamlining the labeling process, boosting efficiency and reducing costs. Finally, the growing availability of diverse data sources, coupled with the rise of specialized data labeling companies, is further contributing to market growth. Despite these positive trends, the market faces some challenges. The high cost associated with data annotation, particularly for complex datasets requiring specialized expertise, can be a barrier for smaller businesses. Ensuring data quality and consistency across large-scale projects remains a critical concern, necessitating robust quality control measures. Furthermore, addressing data privacy and security issues is essential to maintain ethical standards and build trust within the market. The market segmentation by type (text, image/video, audio) and application (automotive, government, healthcare, financial services, etc.) presents significant opportunities for specialized service providers catering to niche needs. Competition is expected to intensify as new players enter the market, focusing on innovative solutions and specialized services.

TagX data annotation services are a set of tools and processes used to accurately label and classify large amounts of data for use in machine learning and artificial intelligence applications. The services are designed to be highly accurate, efficient, and customizable, allowing for a wide range of data types and use cases.

The process typically begins with a team of trained annotators reviewing and categorizing the data, using a variety of annotation tools and techniques, such as text classification, image annotation, and video annotation. The annotators may also use natural language processing and other advanced techniques to extract relevant information and context from the data.

Once the data has been annotated, it is then validated and checked for accuracy by a team of quality assurance specialists. Any errors or inconsistencies are corrected, and the data is then prepared for use in machine learning and AI models.

TagX annotation services can be applied to a wide range of data types, including text, images, videos, and audio. The services can be customized to meet the specific needs of each client, including the type of data, the level of annotation required, and the desired level of accuracy.

TagX data annotation services provide a powerful and efficient way to prepare large amounts of data for use in machine learning and AI applications, allowing organizations to extract valuable insights and improve their decision-making processes.

The Data Annotation and Collection Services market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) across diverse sectors. The market, estimated at $10 billion in 2025, is projected to achieve a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 25% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $45 billion by 2033. This significant expansion is fueled by several key factors. The surge in autonomous driving initiatives necessitates high-quality data annotation for training self-driving systems, while the burgeoning smart healthcare sector relies heavily on annotated medical images and data for accurate diagnoses and treatment planning. Similarly, the growth of smart security systems and financial risk control applications demands precise data annotation for improved accuracy and efficiency. Image annotation currently dominates the market, followed by text annotation, reflecting the widespread use of computer vision and natural language processing. However, video and voice annotation segments are showing rapid growth, driven by advancements in AI-powered video analytics and voice recognition technologies. Competition is intense, with both established technology giants like Alibaba Cloud and Baidu, and specialized data annotation companies like Appen and Scale Labs vying for market share. Geographic distribution shows a strong concentration in North America and Europe initially, but Asia-Pacific is expected to emerge as a major growth region in the coming years, driven primarily by China and India's expanding technology sectors. The market, however, faces certain challenges. The high cost of data annotation, particularly for complex tasks such as video annotation, can pose a barrier to entry for smaller companies. Ensuring data quality and accuracy remains a significant concern, requiring robust quality control mechanisms. Furthermore, ethical considerations surrounding data privacy and bias in algorithms require careful attention. To overcome these challenges, companies are investing in automation tools and techniques like synthetic data generation, alongside developing more sophisticated quality control measures. The future of the Data Annotation and Collection Services market will likely be shaped by advancements in AI and ML technologies, the increasing availability of diverse data sets, and the growing awareness of ethical considerations surrounding data usage.

The AI Data Labeling Solutions market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing demand for high-quality data to train and improve the accuracy of AI and machine learning models. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $2.5 billion, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 25% from 2025 to 2033. This substantial growth is fueled by several key factors. The proliferation of AI applications across diverse sectors like healthcare, automotive, and finance necessitates extensive data labeling. The rise of sophisticated AI algorithms that require larger and more complex datasets is another major driver. Cloud-based solutions are gaining significant traction due to their scalability, cost-effectiveness, and ease of access, contributing significantly to market expansion. However, challenges remain, including data privacy concerns, the need for skilled data labelers, and the potential for bias in labeled data. These restraints need to be addressed to ensure the sustainable and responsible growth of the market. The segmentation of the market reveals a diverse landscape. Cloud-based solutions currently dominate, reflecting the industry shift toward flexible and scalable data processing. Application-wise, the IT sector is currently the largest consumer, followed by automotive and healthcare. However, growth in financial services and other sectors indicates the broadening application of AI data labeling solutions. Key players in the market are constantly innovating to improve accuracy, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness, leading to a competitive and rapidly evolving market. The regional distribution shows strong market presence in North America and Europe, driven by early adoption of AI technologies and a well-established technological infrastructure. Asia-Pacific is also demonstrating significant growth potential due to increasing technological advancements and investments in AI research and development. The forecast period of 2025-2033 presents substantial opportunities for market expansion, contingent upon addressing the challenges and leveraging emerging technologies.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Ai Training Data market size is USD 1865.2 million in 2023 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 23.50% from 2023 to 2030.

The demand for Ai Training Data is rising due to the rising demand for labelled data and diversification of AI applications.
Demand for Image/Video remains higher in the Ai Training Data market.
The Healthcare category held the highest Ai Training Data market revenue share in 2023.
North American Ai Training Data will continue to lead, whereas the Asia-Pacific Ai Training Data market will experience the most substantial growth until 2030.

Market Dynamics of AI Training Data Market

Key Drivers of AI Training Data Market

Rising Demand for Industry-Specific Datasets to Provide Viable Market Output

A key driver in the AI Training Data market is the escalating demand for industry-specific datasets. As businesses across sectors increasingly adopt AI applications, the need for highly specialized and domain-specific training data becomes critical. Industries such as healthcare, finance, and automotive require datasets that reflect the nuances and complexities unique to their domains. This demand fuels the growth of providers offering curated datasets tailored to specific industries, ensuring that AI models are trained with relevant and representative data, leading to enhanced performance and accuracy in diverse applications.

In July 2021, Amazon and Hugging Face, a provider of open-source natural language processing (NLP) technologies, have collaborated. The objective of this partnership was to accelerate the deployment of sophisticated NLP capabilities while making it easier for businesses to use cutting-edge machine-learning models. Following this partnership, Hugging Face will suggest Amazon Web Services as a cloud service provider for its clients.

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Advancements in Data Labelling Technologies to Propel Market Growth

The continuous advancements in data labelling technologies serve as another significant driver for the AI Training Data market. Efficient and accurate labelling is essential for training robust AI models. Innovations in automated and semi-automated labelling tools, leveraging techniques like computer vision and natural language processing, streamline the data annotation process. These technologies not only improve the speed and scalability of dataset preparation but also contribute to the overall quality and consistency of labelled data. The adoption of advanced labelling solutions addresses industry challenges related to data annotation, driving the market forward amidst the increasing demand for high-quality training data.

In June 2021, Scale AI and MIT Media Lab, a Massachusetts Institute of Technology research centre, began working together. To help doctors treat patients more effectively, this cooperation attempted to utilize ML in healthcare.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7325854/

Restraint Factors Of AI Training Data Market

Data Privacy and Security Concerns to Restrict Market Growth

A significant restraint in the AI Training Data market is the growing concern over data privacy and security. As the demand for diverse and expansive datasets rises, so does the need for sensitive information. However, the collection and utilization of personal or proprietary data raise ethical and privacy issues. Companies and data providers face challenges in ensuring compliance with regulations and safeguarding against unauthorized access or misuse of sensitive information. Addressing these concerns becomes imperative to gain user trust and navigate the evolving landscape of data protection laws, which, in turn, poses a restraint on the smooth progression of the AI Training Data market.

How did COVID–19 impact the Ai Training Data market?

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a multifaceted impact on the AI Training Data market. While the demand for AI solutions has accelerated across industries, the availability and collection of training data faced challenges. The pandemic disrupted traditional data collection methods, leading to a slowdown in the generation of labeled datasets due to restrictions on physical operations. Simultaneously, the surge in remote work and the increased reliance on AI-driven technologies for various applications fueled the need for diverse and relevant training data. This duali...

The European Data Annotation Tools market is anticipated to reach a value of XX million by 2033, progressing at a CAGR of 27.8% between 2025-2033. The increasing demand for data annotation in various industries, such as IT, automotive, government, healthcare, financial services, and retail, is driving market expansion. Additionally, the growing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies is boosting market growth. Key market trends include the growing popularity of semi-supervised and automatic annotation techniques, which offer improved efficiency and accuracy. Moreover, the integration of data annotation tools with cloud-based platforms is enhancing accessibility and collaboration among stakeholders. However, factors such as data privacy concerns, the availability of skilled professionals, and the high cost of annotation services may restrain market growth. Nonetheless, continued innovation and technological advancements are expected to create ample opportunities for market expansion in the coming years. Recent developments include: In January 2023, CloudFactory, an AI company based in the UK, introduced Vision AI. It is a rapid annotation tool that combines CloudFactory's workforce with leading AI-assisted annotation technologies to produce high-quality annotated data. This product's TAT is five times quicker than manual annotation. , In November 2022, NTT Data and Medcase, a healthcare artificial intelligence solution provider, legally agreed to collaborate on data discovery and enrichment solutions for medical imaging. The partnership will allow Medcase clients to access NTT Data’s AI services, which enable innovators to use data such as medical imaging, patient studies, and more. .

As a leading data collection and annotation company, we specialize in providing diverse datasets, including images, videos, texts, and speech, to empower machine learning models.

Enhance wildlife research and conservation efforts with precise data annotation. Monitor and protect diverse species effectively.

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented September 15, 2017.A virtual database of annotations between databases.

Our latest project involved applying Named Entity Recognition (NER) to legal documents.

1. Overview This dataset is a collection of high view traffic images in multiple scenes, backgrounds and lighting conditions that are ready to use for optimizing the accuracy of computer vision models. All of the contents is sourced from PIXTA's stock library of 100M+ Asian-featured images and videos. PIXTA is the largest platform of visual materials in the Asia Pacific region offering fully-managed services, high quality contents and data, and powerful tools for businesses & organisations to enable their creative and machine learning projects.

2. Use case This dataset is used for AI solutions training & testing in various cases: Traffic monitoring, Traffic camera system, Vehicle flow estimation,... Each data set is supported by both AI and human review process to ensure labelling consistency and accuracy. Contact us for more custom datasets.

3. About PIXTA PIXTASTOCK is the largest Asian-featured stock platform providing data, contents, tools and services since 2005. PIXTA experiences 15 years of integrating advanced AI technology in managing, curating, processing over 100M visual materials and serving global leading brands for their creative and data demands. Visit us at https://www.pixta.ai/ for more details.

1. Overview This dataset is a collection of 6,000+ images of mixed race human face with various expressions & emotions that are ready to use for optimizing the accuracy of computer vision models. All of the contents is sourced from PIXTA's stock library of 100M+ Asian-featured images and videos. PIXTA is the largest platform of visual materials in the Asia Pacific region offering fully-managed services, high quality contents and data, and powerful tools for businesses & organisations to enable their creative and machine learning projects.

2. The data set This dataset contains 6,000+ images of face emotion. Each data set is supported by both AI and human review process to ensure labelling consistency and accuracy. Contact us for more custom datasets.

3. About PIXTA PIXTASTOCK is the largest Asian-featured stock platform providing data, contents, tools and services since 2005. PIXTA experiences 15 years of integrating advanced AI technology in managing, curating, processing over 100M visual materials and serving global leading brands for their creative and data demands. Visit us at https://www.pixta.ai/ or contact via our email contact@pixta.ai."

The Data Annotation and Labeling Service market plays a pivotal role in the evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), facilitating the creation of high-quality training datasets essential for the development of intelligent applications. As organizations increasingly rely on data-driven ins

The dataset building service market is projected to grow significantly in the coming years, driven by the increasing demand for data-driven insights and the growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies. The global dataset building service market size was valued at USD XXX million in 2025 and is expected to expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX% from 2025 to 2033. This growth can be attributed to the increasing adoption of AI and ML technologies, which require large and diverse datasets for training and testing. Additionally, the rising demand for data-driven insights for decision-making is driving the growth of the dataset building services market. Key market trends include the growing popularity of cloud-based dataset building services, the increasing adoption of data annotation and labeling services, and the emergence of new data sources such as social media and IoT devices. The major players in the dataset building service market include Appen, Scale AI, Lionbridge, Samasource, CloudFactory, Deepen AI, and Clarifai. These companies offer a wide range of dataset building services, including data collection, annotation, and labeling. The market is expected to witness further consolidation in the coming years, as larger players acquire smaller companies to expand their service offerings and geographic reach.

Proteomics data-dependent acquisition data sets collected with high-resolution mass-spectrometry (MS) can achieve very high-quality results, but nearly every analysis yields results that are thresholded at some accepted false discovery rate, meaning that a substantial number of results are incorrect. For study conclusions that rely on a small number of peptide-spectrum matches being correct, it is thus important to examine at least some crucial spectra to ensure that they are not one of the incorrect identifications. We present Quetzal, a peptide fragment ion spectrum annotation tool to assist researchers in annotating and examining such spectra to ensure that they correctly support study conclusions. We describe how Quetzal annotates spectra using the new Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) Proteomics Standards Initiative (PSI) mzPAF standard for fragment ion peak annotation, including the Python-based code, a web-service end point that provides annotation services, and a web-based application for annotating spectra and producing publication-quality figures. We illustrate its functionality with several annotated spectra of varying complexity. Quetzal provides easily accessible functionality that can assist in the effort to ensure and demonstrate that crucial spectra support study conclusions. Quetzal is publicly available at https://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/quetzal/.

1. Overview This dataset is a collection of 5,000+ images of vehicle number plate position that are ready to use for optimizing the accuracy of computer vision models. All of the contents is sourced from PIXTA's stock library of 100M+ Asian-featured images and videos. PIXTA is the largest platform of visual materials in the Asia Pacific region offering fully-managed services, high quality contents and data, and powerful tools for businesses & organisations to enable their creative and machine learning projects.

2. Use case The 5,000+ images of vehicle number plate position could be used for various AI & Computer Vision models: Number Plate Recognition, Parking System, Surveillance Camera,... Each data set is supported by both AI and human review process to ensure labelling consistency and accuracy. Contact us for more custom datasets.

3. Annotation Annotation is available for this dataset on demand, including:

4. Bounding box

5. Classification

6. Segmentation ...

7. About PIXTA PIXTASTOCK is the largest Asian-featured stock platform providing data, contents, tools and services since 2005. PIXTA experiences 15 years of integrating advanced AI technology in managing, curating, processing over 100M visual materials and serving global leading brands for their creative and data demands. Visit us at https://www.pixta.ai/ or contact via our email contact@pixta.ai.

3,000+ high quality images of babies & toddlers in dangerous poses & situations for AI & ML model

Database and web interface developed to store, update and distribute genome sequence data and gene expression data. ASAP was designed to facilitate ongoing community annotation of genomes and to grow with genome projects as they move from the preliminary data stage through post-sequencing functional analysis. The ASAP database includes multiple genome sequences at various stages of analysis, and gene expression data from preliminary experiments. Use of some of this preliminary data is conditional, and it is the users responsibility to read the data release policy and to verify that any use of specific data obtained through ASAP is consistent with this policy. There are four main routes to viewing the information in ASAP: # a summary page, # a form to query the genome annotations, # a form to query strain collections, and # a form to query the experimental data. Navigational buttons appear on every page allowing users to jump to any of these four points.

This dataset contains 35 of 39 taxonomies that were the result of a systematic review. The systematic review was conducted with the goal of identifying taxonomies suitable for semantically annotating research data. A special focus was set on research data from the hybrid societies domain.

The following taxonomies were identified as part of the systematic review:

Filename

Taxonomy Title

acm_ccs

ACM Computing Classification System [1]

amec

A Taxonomy of Evaluation Towards Standards [2]

bibo

A BIBO Ontology Extension for Evaluation of Scientific Research Results [3]

cdt

Cross-Device Taxonomy [4]

cso

Computer Science Ontology [5]

ddbm

What Makes a Data-driven Business Model? A Consolidated Taxonomy [6]

ddi_am

DDI Aggregation Method [7]

ddi_moc

DDI Mode of Collection [8]

n/a

DemoVoc [9]

discretization

Building a New Taxonomy for Data Discretization Techniques [10]

dp

Demopaedia [11]

dsg

Data Science Glossary [12]

ease

A Taxonomy of Evaluation Approaches in Software Engineering [13]

eco

Evidence & Conclusion Ontology [14]

edam

EDAM: The Bioscientific Data Analysis Ontology [15]

n/a

European Language Social Science Thesaurus [16]

et

Evaluation Thesaurus [17]

glos_hci

The Glossary of Human Computer Interaction [18]

n/a

Humanities and Social Science Electronic Thesaurus [19]

hcio

A Core Ontology on the Human-Computer Interaction Phenomenon [20]

hft

Human-Factors Taxonomy [21]

hri

A Taxonomy to Structure and Analyze Human–Robot Interaction [22]

iim

A Taxonomy of Interaction for Instructional Multimedia [23]

interrogation

A Taxonomy of Interrogation Methods [24]

iot

Design Vocabulary for Human–IoT Systems Communication [25]

kinect

Understanding Movement and Interaction: An Ontology for Kinect-Based 3D Depth Sensors [26]

maco

Thesaurus Mass Communication [27]

n/a

Thesaurus Cognitive Psychology of Human Memory [28]

mixed_initiative

Mixed-Initiative Human-Robot Interaction: Definition, Taxonomy, and Survey [29]

qos_qoe

A Taxonomy of Quality of Service and Quality of Experience of Multimodal Human-Machine Interaction [30]

ro

The Research Object Ontology [31]

senses_sensors

A Human-Centered Taxonomy of Interaction Modalities and Devices [32]

sipat

A Taxonomy of Spatial Interaction Patterns and Techniques [33]

social_errors

A Taxonomy of Social Errors in Human-Robot Interaction [34]

sosa

Semantic Sensor Network Ontology [35]

swo

The Software Ontology [36]

tadirah

Taxonomy of Digital Research Activities in the Humanities [37]

vrs

Virtual Reality and the CAVE: Taxonomy, Interaction Challenges and Research Directions [38]

xdi

Cross-Device Interaction [39]

We converted the taxonomies into SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organisation System) representation. The following 4 taxonomies were not converted as they were already available in SKOS and were for this reason excluded from this dataset:

1) DemoVoc, cf. http://thesaurus.web.ined.fr/navigateur/ available at https://thesaurus.web.ined.fr/exports/demovoc/demovoc.rdf

2) European Language Social Science Thesaurus, cf. https://thesauri.cessda.eu/elsst/en/ available at https://zenodo.org/record/5506929

3) Humanities and Social Science Electronic Thesaurus, cf. https://hasset.ukdataservice.ac.uk/hasset/en/ available at https://zenodo.org/record/7568355

4) Thesaurus Cognitive Psychology of Human Memory, cf. https://www.loterre.fr/presentation/ available at https://skosmos.loterre.fr/P66/en/

References

[1] “The 2012 ACM Computing Classification System,” ACM Digital Library, 2012. https://dl.acm.org/ccs (accessed May 08, 2023).

[2] AMEC, “A Taxonomy of Evaluation Towards Standards.” Aug. 31, 2016. Accessed: May 08, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://amecorg.com/amecframework/home/supporting-material/taxonomy/

[3] B. Dimić Surla, M. Segedinac, and D. Ivanović, “A BIBO ontology extension for evaluation of scientific research results,” in Proceedings of the Fifth Balkan Conference in Informatics, in BCI ’12. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, Sep. 2012, pp. 275–278. doi: 10.1145/2371316.2371376.

[4] F. Brudy et al., “Cross-Device Taxonomy: Survey, Opportunities and Challenges of Interactions Spanning Across Multiple Devices,” in Proceedings of the 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, in CHI ’19. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, Mai 2019, pp. 1–28. doi: 10.1145/3290605.3300792.

[5] A. A. Salatino, T. Thanapalasingam, A. Mannocci, F. Osborne, and E. Motta, “The Computer Science Ontology: A Large-Scale Taxonomy of Research Areas,” in Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1137, D. Vrandečić, K. Bontcheva, M. C. Suárez-Figueroa, V. Presutti, I. Celino, M. Sabou, L.-A. Kaffee, and E. Simperl, Eds., Monterey, California, USA: Springer, Oct. 2018, pp. 187–205. Accessed: May 08, 2023. [Online]. Available: http://oro.open.ac.uk/55484/

[6] M. Dehnert, A. Gleiss, and F. Reiss, “What makes a data-driven business model? A consolidated taxonomy,” presented at the European Conference on Information Systems, 2021.

[7] DDI Alliance, “DDI Controlled Vocabulary for Aggregation Method,” 2014. https://ddialliance.org/Specification/DDI-CV/AggregationMethod_1.0.html (accessed May 08, 2023).

[8] DDI Alliance, “DDI Controlled Vocabulary for Mode Of Collection,” 2015. https://ddialliance.org/Specification/DDI-CV/ModeOfCollection_2.0.html (accessed May 08, 2023).

[9] INED - French Institute for Demographic Studies, “Thésaurus DemoVoc,” Feb. 26, 2020. https://thesaurus.web.ined.fr/navigateur/en/about (accessed May 08, 2023).

[10] A. A. Bakar, Z. A. Othman, and N. L. M. Shuib, “Building a new taxonomy for data discretization techniques,” in 2009 2nd Conference on Data Mining and Optimization, Oct. 2009, pp. 132–140. doi: 10.1109/DMO.2009.5341896.

[11] N. Brouard and C. Giudici, “Unified second edition of the Multilingual Demographic Dictionary (Demopaedia.org project),” presented at the 2017 International Population Conference, IUSSP, Oct. 2017. Accessed: May 08, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://iussp.confex.com/iussp/ipc2017/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/5713

[12] DuCharme, Bob, “Data Science Glossary.” https://www.datascienceglossary.org/ (accessed May 08, 2023).

[13] A. Chatzigeorgiou, T. Chaikalis, G. Paschalidou, N. Vesyropoulos, C. K. Georgiadis, and E. Stiakakis, “A Taxonomy of Evaluation Approaches in Software Engineering,” in Proceedings of the 7th Balkan Conference on Informatics Conference, in BCI ’15. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery, Sep. 2015, pp. 1–8. doi: 10.1145/2801081.2801084.

[14] M. C. Chibucos, D. A. Siegele, J. C. Hu, and M. Giglio, “The Evidence and Conclusion Ontology (ECO): Supporting GO Annotations,” in The Gene Ontology Handbook, C. Dessimoz and N. Škunca, Eds., in Methods in Molecular Biology. New York, NY: Springer, 2017, pp. 245–259. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3743-1_18.

[15] M. Black et al., “EDAM: the bioscientific data analysis ontology,” F1000Research, vol. 11, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.7490/f1000research.1118900.1.

[16] Council of European Social Science Data Archives (CESSDA), “European Language Social Science Thesaurus ELSST,” 2021. https://thesauri.cessda.eu/en/ (accessed May 08, 2023).

[17] M. Scriven, Evaluation Thesaurus, 3rd Edition. Edgepress, 1981. Accessed: May 08, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/evaluation-thesaurus/book3562

[18] Papantoniou, Bill et al., The Glossary of Human Computer Interaction. Interaction Design Foundation. Accessed: May 08, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/book/the-glossary-of-human-computer-interaction

[19] “UK Data Service Vocabularies: HASSET Thesaurus.” https://hasset.ukdataservice.ac.uk/hasset/en/ (accessed May 08, 2023).

[20] S. D. Costa, M. P. Barcellos, R. de A. Falbo, T. Conte, and K. M. de Oliveira, “A core ontology on the Human–Computer Interaction phenomenon,” Data Knowl. Eng., vol. 138, p. 101977, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.datak.2021.101977.

[21] V. J. Gawron et al., “Human Factors Taxonomy,” Proc. Hum. Factors Soc. Annu. Meet., vol. 35, no. 18, pp. 1284–1287, Sep. 1991, doi: 10.1177/154193129103501807.

[22] L. Onnasch and E. Roesler, “A Taxonomy to Structure and Analyze Human–Robot Interaction,” Int. J. Soc. Robot., vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 833–849, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1007/s12369-020-00666-5.

[23] R. A. Schwier, “A Taxonomy of Interaction for Instructional Multimedia.” Sep. 28, 1992. Accessed: May 09, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED352044

[24] C. Kelly, J. Miller, A. Redlich, and S. Kleinman, “A Taxonomy of Interrogation Methods,”

Machine Translation Software: Provides AI-powered translation across multiple languages.Translation Management Systems: Manages translation projects, workflows, and quality control.Cloud-based Translation Platforms: Offer scalable and on-demand translation services.Neural Machine Translation (NMT) Tools: Enables highly accurate and fluent translations.Customization and Integration: Services provide tailored solutions and integrate with other systems to enhance efficiency. Recent developments include: Feb 2023: RWS has announced the launch of its TrainAI brand, which will provide clients with full, end-to-end data collection, annotation, and validation services for all types of AI data - in any language, at any scale. TrainAI will also offer machine translation and AI training data services to enhance the quality of machine learning models and AI applications for the biggest organizations in the world., Sept 2022: A language services provider in the MENA region created Tarjama, an Arabic machine translation (AMT) website called Tarjama Translate, with a focus on companies who want quick access to translation in order to reach Arabic-speaking customers..