As of March 2025, there were a reported 5,426 data centers in the United States, the most of any country worldwide. A further 529 were located in Germany, while 523 were located in the United Kingdom. What is a data center? A data center is a network of computing and storage resources that enables the delivery of shared software applications and data. These facilities can house large amounts of critical and important data, and therefore are vital to the daily functions of companies and consumers alike. As a result, whether it is a cloud, colocation, or managed service, data center real estate will have increasing importance worldwide. Hyperscale data centers In the past, data centers were highly controlled physical infrastructures, but the cloud has since changed that model. A cloud data service is a remote version of a data center – located somewhere away from a company's physical premises. Cloud IT infrastructure spending has grown and is forecast to rise further in the coming years. The evolution of technology, along with the rapid growth in demand for data across the globe, is largely driven by the leading hyperscale data center providers.

This database covers the U.S. data centers portfolio analysis, which will provide a detailed analysis of 1,121 existing data centers and 385 upcoming data centers in the United States.

In 2024, enterprise spending on cloud infrastructure services amounted to *** billion U.S. dollars, a growth of ** billion U.S. dollars compared to the previous year. The growing market for cloud infrastructure services is driven by organizations' demand for modern networking, storage, and databases solutions. Increased spending on cloud services, mainly on platform as a service The platform as a service (PaaS) segment, which includes analytics, database, and internet of things (IoT) has the highest growth rate within the cloud infrastructure services market. The managed private cloud services share declined in comparison. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) remained relatively steady, with companies like Amazon Web Services and Microsoft dominating the market. However, software as a service (SaaS) is not included, which itself continues to experience growth in end-user spending worldwide. Data center spending declined in 2020 Enterprise spending on data center hardware and software, on the other hand, began to slightly decline after several years of steady growth. Data center hardware and software encompasses spending on servers, networking, storage, and security software. Because data centers store proprietary or sensitive data, sites are secured by specific software. This includes splitting networks into security zones, for example. Other methods for ensuring security are using tools to scan applications and code before deployment to spot malware or vulnerabilities.

The geographic data are built from the Technical Information Management System (TIMS). TIMS consists of two separate databases: an attribute database and a spatial database. The attribute information for offshore activities is stored in the TIMS database. The spatial database is a combination of the ARC/INFO and FINDER databases and contains all the coordinates and topology information for geographic features. The attribute and spatial databases are interconnected through the use of common data elements in both databases, thereby creating the spatial datasets. The data in the mapping files are made up of straight-line segments. If an arc existed in the original data, it has been replaced with a series of straight lines that approximate the arc. The Gulf of America OCS Region stores all its mapping data in longitude and latitude format. All coordinates are in NAD 27. Data can be obtained in three types of digital formats: INTERACTIVE MAP: The ArcGIS web maps are an interactive display of geographic information, containing a basemap, a set of data layers (many of which include interactive pop-up windows with information about the data), an extent, navigation tools to pan and zoom, and additional tools for geospatial analysis. SHP: A Shapefile is a digital vector (non-topological) storage format for storing geometric location and associated attribute information. Shapefiles can support point, line, and area features with attributes held in a dBASE format file. GEODATABASE: An ArcGIS geodatabase is a collection of geographic datasets of various types held in a common file system folder, a Microsoft Access database, or a multiuser relational DBMS (such as Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, PostgreSQL, Informix, or IBM DB2). The geodatabase is the native data structure for ArcGIS and is the primary data format used for editing and data management.

IM3 Open Source Data Center Atlas Description This dataset contains locations of existing data center facilities in the United States. Data center locations were derived from OpenStreetMap (OSM), a crowd-sourced database. Data points from OSM are processed in various ways to determine additional variables provided in the data including: facility area (square feet), associated US county, and US state. This dataset can be used to identify areas of concentrated data center development and inform government and private sector planning strategies for future buildout of data centers and the infrastructure necessary to support it. Usage Notes Validation of OSM-derived data center locations is an ongoing development under the IM3 project, and the database will be updated as new information becomes available. In some instances, both the data center area (e.g., campus) and individual data center buildings are included as overlapping areas in the database. Both values are retained. Data center points, buildings, and campus areas are provided as separate layers in the downloadable data package. Note that data items are not necessarily complete across layers. That is, a specific data center may only be present as a single point geometry in the "point" layer while other data centers are represented in both the campus and building layers. In some cases, data center campuses and/or buildings straddle a county boundary line. Mappings to both counties are retained in the database as separate rows. These data rows will have the same data center id information, but each will have different county information. Crowd-sourced data, by nature, relies on individuals and communities to provide information. As a result, some data may be missing where it has not yet been reported. As we collect information on additional data center locations and as OSM receives additional contributions, the database will be updated to capture additional data points not yet shown. Technical Information Data is available for download under the following formats: GeoPackage (GPKG) CSV Geospatial data is provided in the WGS84 (EPSG:4326) coordinate reference system. The GeoPackage download contains the following layers. See usage notes for more information. "point" "building" "campus" The "point" layer includes all data from OSM that had POINT geometry type (i.e., individual coordinates). The "building" layer includes all OSM data that did not have POINT geometry and where the building tag in the OSM export was neither equal to "no" or null. Data that did not meet the "point" or "building" qualification was assumed to be a facility campus and included in the "campus" layer. The dataset contains the following parameters. Variables provided by OSM are labeled with (OSM-provided). id - unique identification number (OSM-provided with prefix of "node/", "relation/" and similar attributes removed) state - name of US state state_abb - two letter US state abbreviation state_id - state ID number county - name of US county county_id - county ID number ref - reference numbers or codes (OSM-provided) operator - the name of the company, corporation, or person in charge facility (OSM-provided) name - name of facility (OSM-provided) sqft - surface area of facility polygon, measured in square feet. Only available for "building" and "campus" layers lat - latitude of data centroid point lon - longitude of data centroid point type – represented spatial information. One of "point", "building", or "campus". geometry – POLYGON geometry of area footprint (in "campus" and "building" layers) or POINT geometry of locations (in "point" layer). This parameter is not included in the csv download. Attribution Data center locations were derived from OpenStreetMap, which is made available at openstreetmap.org under the Open Database License (ODbL). US state and county boundary information was collected from the US Census Bureau for the year 2024, which is made publicly available at https://www.census.gov/geographies/mapping-files.html Acknowledgment IM3 is a multi-institutional effort led by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Science as part of research in MultiSector Dynamics, Earth and Environmental Systems Modeling Program. License The IM3 Open Source Data Center Atlas is made available under the Open Database License: http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/. Disclaimer This material was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor the United States Department of Energy, nor the Contractor, nor any or their employees, nor any jurisdiction or organization that has cooperated in the development of these materials, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness or any information, apparatus, product, software, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof, or Battelle Memorial Institute. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. PACIFIC NORTHWEST NATIONAL LABORATORYoperated byBATTELLEfor theUNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGYunder Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830

Responding to a 2024 survey, data center owners and operators reported an average annual power usage effectiveness (PUE) ratio of 1.56 at their largest data center. PUE is calculated by dividing the total power supplied to a facility by the power used to run IT equipment within the facility. A lower figure therefore indicates greater efficiency, as a smaller share of total power is being used to run secondary functions such as cooling.

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A global hydrological database is considered essential for research and application-oriented hydrological and climatological studies at global, regional and basin scales. The Global Runoff Database is a unique collection of river discharge data on a global scale. It contains time series of daily and monthly river discharge data of currently more than 9,800 stations worldwide. This adds up to around 435,000 station-years with an average record length of 44 years. The earliest data is from 1987, the most recent for 2019. The database is continuously updated as soon as data is supplied to the centre by national hydrological services.

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The Global Historical Tsunami Database provides information on over 2,400 tsunamis from 2100 BC to the present in the the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans; and the Mediterranean and Caribbean Seas. The database includes two related files. The first file includes information on the tsunami source such as the date, time, and location of the source event; cause and validity of the source, tsunami magnitude and intensity; maximum water height; the total number of fatalities, injuries, houses destroyed, and houses damaged; and total damage estimate (in U.S. dollars). The second related file contains information on the runups (the locations where tsunami waves were observed by eyewitnesses, reconnaissance surveys, tide gauges, and deep-ocean sensors) such as name, location, arrival time, maximum water height and inundation distance, and socio-economic data (deaths, injuries, damage) for the specific runup location.

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The Significant Earthquake Database is a global listing of over 5,700 earthquakes from 2150 BC to the present. A significant earthquake is classified as one that meets at least one of the following criteria: caused deaths, caused moderate damage (approximately $1 million or more), magnitude 7.5 or greater, Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) X or greater, or the earthquake generated a tsunami. The database provides information on the date and time of occurrence, latitude and longitude, focal depth, magnitude, maximum MMI intensity, and socio-economic data such as the total number of casualties, injuries, houses destroyed, and houses damaged, and $ dollage damage estimates. References, political geography, and additional comments are also provided for each earthquake. If the earthquake was associated with a tsunami or volcanic eruption, it is flagged and linked to the related tsunami event or significant volcanic eruption.

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Global Land Ice Measurements from Space (GLIMS) is an international initiative with the goal of repeatedly surveying the world's estimated 200,000 glaciers. GLIMS uses data collected by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument aboard the Terra satellite and the LANDSAT series of satellites, along with historical observations.

The GLIMS initiative has created a unique glacier inventory, storing information about the extent and rates of change of all the world's mountain glaciers and ice caps. The GLIMS Glacier Database was built up from data contributions from many glaciological institutions, which are managed by Regional Coordinators, who coordinate the production of glacier mapping results for their particular region. The GLIMS Glacier Database provides students, educators, scientists, and the public with reliable glacier data from these analyses. New glacier data are continually being added to the database.

The GLIMS Glacier Viewer was developed to provide the public with easy access to the GLIMS Glacier Database. This Web application allows users to view and query several thematic layers, including glacier outlines, Regional Coordinator institution locations, the World Glacier Inventory, and more. GLIMS data can be downloaded into a number of GIS-compatible formats, including ESRI Shapefiles, MapInfo tables, Geographic Mark-up Language (GML), and Keyhole Mark-up Language (KML) suitable for viewing in Google Earth.

This National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) archival information package (AIP) contains a product generated by NCEI-- the Global Ocean Currents Database (GOCD). It is derived from NCEI AIPs that hold in situ ocean current data from a diverse range of instruments, collection protocols, processing methods, and data storage formats. For acceptance into the GOCD, the data must have sufficient quality control and thorough documentation. The GODC merges the variety of original formats into the NCEI standard network common data form (NetCDF) format. From the shipboard acoustic Doppler current profiler sets, the GOCD creates files that hold single vertical ocean currents profiles. The GOCD spans 1962 to 2013.

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