Sample data for exercises in Further Adventures in Data Cleaning.

Dataset

This dataset was created by Hussein Al Chami

Released under MIT

Contents

Ahoy, data enthusiasts! Join us for a hands-on workshop where you will hoist your sails and navigate through the Statistics Canada website, uncovering hidden treasures in the form of data tables. With the wind at your back, you’ll master the art of downloading these invaluable Stats Can datasets while braving the occasional squall of data cleaning challenges using Excel with your trusty captains Vivek and Lucia at the helm.

A data cleaning tool customised for cleaning and sorting the data generated during the Enviro-Champs pilot study as they are downloaded from Formshare, the platform capturing data sent from a customised ODK Collect form collection app. The dataset inclues the latest data from the pilot study as at 14 May 2024.

Dataset

This dataset was created by Mohamed Khaled Idris

Contents

python scripts and functions needed to view and clean saccade data

Petroleum production data are usually stored in a format that makes it easy to determine the year and month production started, if there are any breaks, and when production ends. However, in some cases, you may want to compare production runs where the start of production for all wells starts at month one regardless of the year the wells started producing. This report describes the JAVA program the U.S. Geological Survey developed to examine water-to-oil and water-to-gas ratios in the form of month one, month two, and so on with the objective of estimating quantities of water and proppant used in low-permeability petroleum production. The text covers the data used by the program, the challenges with production data, the program logic for checking the quality of the production data, and the program logic for checking the completeness of the data.

The global Data Cleansing Software market is poised for substantial growth, estimated to reach approximately USD 3,500 million by 2025, with a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of around 18% through 2033. This robust expansion is primarily driven by the escalating volume of data generated across all sectors, coupled with an increasing awareness of the critical importance of data accuracy for informed decision-making. Organizations are recognizing that flawed data can lead to significant financial losses, reputational damage, and missed opportunities. Consequently, the demand for sophisticated data cleansing solutions that can effectively identify, rectify, and prevent data errors is surging. Key drivers include the growing adoption of AI and machine learning for automated data profiling and cleansing, the increasing complexity of data sources, and the stringent regulatory requirements around data quality and privacy, especially within industries like finance and healthcare. The market landscape for data cleansing software is characterized by a dynamic interplay of trends and restraints. Cloud-based solutions are gaining significant traction due to their scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness, particularly for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs). Conversely, large enterprises and government agencies often opt for on-premise solutions, prioritizing enhanced security and control over sensitive data. While the market presents immense opportunities, challenges such as the high cost of implementation and the need for specialized skill sets to manage and operate these tools can act as restraints. However, advancements in user-friendly interfaces and the integration of data cleansing capabilities within broader data management platforms are mitigating these concerns, paving the way for wider adoption. Major players like IBM, SAP SE, and SAS Institute Inc. are continuously innovating, offering comprehensive suites that address the evolving needs of businesses navigating the complexities of big data.

How To Cite?

Alinaghi, N., Giannopoulos, I., Kattenbeck, M., & Raubal, M. (2025). Decoding wayfinding: analyzing wayfinding processes in the outdoor environment. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2025.2473599

Link to the paper: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13658816.2025.2473599

Folder Structure

The folder named “submission” contains the following:

1. “pythonProject”: This folder contains all the Python files and subfolders needed for analysis.
2. ijgis.yml: This file lists all the Python libraries and dependencies required to run the code.

Setting Up the Environment

1. Use the ijgis.yml file to create a Python project and environment. Ensure you activate the environment before running the code.
2. The pythonProject folder contains several .py files and subfolders, each with specific functionality as described below.

Subfolders

1. Data_4_IJGIS

• This folder contains the data used for the results reported in the paper.
• Note: The data analysis that we explain in this paper already begins with the synchronization and cleaning of the recorded raw data. The published data is already synchronized and cleaned. Both the cleaned files and the merged files with features extracted for them are given in this directory. If you want to perform the segmentation and feature extraction yourself, you should run the respective Python files yourself. If not, you can use the “merged_…csv” files as input for the training.

2. results_[DateTime] (e.g., results_20240906_15_00_13)

• This folder will be generated when you run the code and will store the output of each step.
• The current folder contains results created during code debugging for the submission.
• When you run the code, a new folder with fresh results will be generated.

Python Files

1. helper_functions.py

• Contains reusable functions used throughout the analysis.
• Each function includes a description of its purpose and the input parameters required.

2. create_sanity_plots.py

• Generates scatter plots like those in Figure 3 of the paper.
• Although the code has been run for all 309 trials, it can be used to check the sample data provided.
• Output: A .png file for each column of the raw gaze and IMU recordings, color-coded with logged events.
• Usage: Run this file to create visualizations similar to Figure 3.

3. overlapping_sliding_window_loop.py

• Implements overlapping sliding window segmentation and generates plots like those in Figure 4.
• Output:
  • Two new subfolders, “Gaze” and “IMU”, will be added to the Data_4_IJGIS folder.
  • Segmented files (default: 2–10 seconds with a 1-second step size) will be saved as .csv files.
  • A visualization of the segments, similar to Figure 4, will be automatically generated.

4. gaze_features.py & imu_features.py (Note: there has been an update to the IDT function implementation in the gaze_features.py on 19.03.2025.)

• These files compute features as explained in Tables 1 and 2 of the paper, respectively.
• They process the segmented recordings generated by the overlapping_sliding_window_loop.py.
• Usage: Just to know how the features are calculated, you can run this code after the segmentation with the sliding window and run these files to calculate the features from the segmented data.

5. training_prediction.py

• This file contains the main machine learning analysis of the paper. This file contains all the code for the training of the model, its evaluation, and its use for the inference of the “monitoring part”. It covers the following steps:

a. Data Preparation (corresponding to Section 5.1.1 of the paper)

• Prepares the data according to the research question (RQ) described in the paper. Since this data was collected with several RQs in mind, we remove parts of the data that are not related to the RQ of this paper.
• A function named plot_labels_comparison(df, save_path, x_label_freq=10, figsize=(15, 5)) in line 116 visualizes the data preparation results. As this visualization is not used in the paper, the line is commented out, but if you want to see visually what has been changed compared to the original data, you can comment out this line.

b. Training/Validation/Test Split

• Splits the data for machine learning experiments (an explanation can be found in Section 5.1.1. Preparation of data for training and inference of the paper).
• Make sure that you follow the instructions in the comments to the code exactly.
• Output: The split data is saved as .csv files in the results folder.

c. Machine and Deep Learning Experiments

This part contains three main code blocks:

iii. One for the XGboost code with correct hyperparameter tuning:
Please read the instructions for each block carefully to ensure that the code works smoothly. Regardless of which block you use, you will get the classification results (in the form of scores) for unseen data. The way we empirically test the confidence threshold of

• MLP Network (Commented Out): This code was used for classification with the MLP network, and the results shown in Table 3 are from this code. If you wish to use this model, please comment out the following blocks accordingly.
• XGBoost without Hyperparameter Tuning: If you want to run the code but do not want to spend time on the full training with hyperparameter tuning (as was done for the paper), just uncomment this part. This will give you a simple, untuned model with which you can achieve at least some results.
• XGBoost with Hyperparameter Tuning: If you want to train the model the way we trained it for the analysis reported in the paper, use this block (the plots in Figure 7 are from this block). We ran this block with different feature sets and different segmentation files and created a simple bar chart from the saved results, shown in Figure 6.

Note: Please read the instructions for each block carefully to ensure that the code works smoothly. Regardless of which block you use, you will get the classification results (in the form of scores) for unseen data. The way we empirically calculated the confidence threshold of the model (explained in the paper in Section 5.2. Part II: Decoding surveillance by sequence analysis) is given in this block in lines 361 to 380.

d. Inference (Monitoring Part)

• Final inference is performed using the monitoring data. This step produces a .csv file containing inferred labels.
• Figure 8 in the paper is generated using this part of the code.

6. sequence_analysis.py

• Performs analysis on the inferred data, producing Figures 9 and 10 from the paper.
• This file reads the inferred data from the previous step and performs sequence analysis as described in Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2.

Licenses

The data is licensed under CC-BY, the code is licensed under MIT.

AI in Data Cleaning Market Outlook

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Autonomous Data Cleaning with AI Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Autonomous Data Cleaning with AI market size reached USD 1.68 billion in 2024, with a robust year-on-year growth driven by the surge in enterprise data volumes and the mounting demand for high-quality, actionable insights. The market is projected to expand at a CAGR of 24.2% from 2025 to 2033, which will take the overall market value to approximately USD 13.1 billion by 2033. This rapid growth is fueled by the increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies across industries, aiming to automate and optimize the data cleaning process for improved operational efficiency and decision-making.

The primary growth driver for the Autonomous Data Cleaning with AI market is the exponential increase in data generation across various industries such as BFSI, healthcare, retail, and manufacturing. Organizations are grappling with massive amounts of structured and unstructured data, much of which is riddled with inconsistencies, duplicates, and inaccuracies. Manual data cleaning is both time-consuming and error-prone, leading businesses to seek automated AI-driven solutions that can intelligently detect, correct, and prevent data quality issues. The integration of AI not only accelerates the data cleaning process but also ensures higher accuracy, enabling organizations to leverage clean, reliable data for analytics, compliance, and digital transformation initiatives. This, in turn, translates into enhanced business agility and competitive advantage.

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Component Analysis

The Autonomous Data Cleaning with AI market is segmented by component into Software and Services. The software segment currently holds the largest market share, driven

The data cleansing tools market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the escalating volume and complexity of data across various sectors. The increasing need for accurate and reliable data for decision-making, coupled with stringent data privacy regulations (like GDPR and CCPA), fuels demand for sophisticated data cleansing solutions. Businesses, regardless of size, are recognizing the critical role of data quality in enhancing operational efficiency, improving customer experiences, and gaining a competitive edge. The market is segmented by application (agencies, large enterprises, SMEs, personal use), deployment type (cloud, SaaS, web, installed, API integration), and geography, reflecting the diverse needs and technological preferences of users. While the cloud and SaaS models are witnessing rapid adoption due to scalability and cost-effectiveness, on-premise solutions remain relevant for organizations with stringent security requirements. The historical period (2019-2024) showed substantial growth, and this trajectory is projected to continue throughout the forecast period (2025-2033). Specific growth rates will depend on technological advancements, economic conditions, and regulatory changes. Competition is fierce, with established players like IBM, SAS, and SAP alongside innovative startups continuously improving their offerings. The market's future depends on factors such as the evolution of AI and machine learning capabilities within data cleansing tools, the increasing demand for automated solutions, and the ongoing need to address emerging data privacy challenges. The projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) suggests a healthy expansion of the market. While precise figures are not provided, a realistic estimate based on industry trends places the market size at approximately $15 billion in 2025. This is based on a combination of existing market reports and understanding of the growth of related fields (such as data analytics and business intelligence). This substantial market value is further segmented across the specified geographic regions. North America and Europe currently dominate, but the Asia-Pacific region is expected to exhibit significant growth potential driven by increasing digitalization and adoption of data-driven strategies. The restraints on market growth largely involve challenges related to data integration complexity, cost of implementation for smaller businesses, and the skills gap in data management expertise. However, these are being countered by the emergence of user-friendly tools and increased investment in data literacy training.

The global Data Preparation Platform market is poised for substantial growth, estimated to reach $15,600 million by the study's end in 2033, up from $6,000 million in the base year of 2025. This trajectory is fueled by a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of approximately 12.5% over the forecast period. The proliferation of big data and the increasing need for clean, usable data across all business functions are primary drivers. Organizations are recognizing that effective data preparation is foundational to accurate analytics, informed decision-making, and successful AI/ML initiatives. This has led to a surge in demand for platforms that can automate and streamline the complex, time-consuming process of data cleansing, transformation, and enrichment. The market's expansion is further propelled by the growing adoption of cloud-based solutions, offering scalability, flexibility, and cost-efficiency, particularly for Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Key trends shaping the Data Preparation Platform market include the integration of AI and machine learning for automated data profiling and anomaly detection, enhanced collaboration features to facilitate teamwork among data professionals, and a growing focus on data governance and compliance. While the market exhibits robust growth, certain restraints may temper its pace. These include the complexity of integrating data preparation tools with existing IT infrastructures, the shortage of skilled data professionals capable of leveraging advanced platform features, and concerns around data security and privacy. Despite these challenges, the market is expected to witness continuous innovation and strategic partnerships among leading companies like Microsoft, Tableau, and Alteryx, aiming to provide more comprehensive and user-friendly solutions to meet the evolving demands of a data-driven world. Here's a comprehensive report description on Data Preparation Platforms, incorporating the requested information, values, and structure:

Quadrant provides Insightful, accurate, and reliable mobile location data.

Our privacy-first mobile location data unveils hidden patterns and opportunities, provides actionable insights, and fuels data-driven decision-making at the world's biggest companies.

These companies rely on our privacy-first Mobile Location and Points-of-Interest Data to unveil hidden patterns and opportunities, provide actionable insights, and fuel data-driven decision-making. They build better AI models, uncover business insights, and enable location-based services using our robust and reliable real-world data.

We conduct stringent evaluations on data providers to ensure authenticity and quality. Our proprietary algorithms detect, and cleanse corrupted and duplicated data points – allowing you to leverage our datasets rapidly with minimal processing or cleaning. During the ingestion process, our proprietary Data Filtering Algorithms remove events based on a number of both qualitative factors, as well as latency and other integrity variables to provide more efficient data delivery. The deduplicating algorithm focuses on a combination of four important attributes: Device ID, Latitude, Longitude, and Timestamp. This algorithm scours our data and identifies rows that contain the same combination of these four attributes. Post-identification, it retains a single copy and eliminates duplicate values to ensure our customers only receive complete and unique datasets.

We actively identify overlapping values at the provider level to determine the value each offers. Our data science team has developed a sophisticated overlap analysis model that helps us maintain a high-quality data feed by qualifying providers based on unique data values rather than volumes alone – measures that provide significant benefit to our end-use partners.

Quadrant mobility data contains all standard attributes such as Device ID, Latitude, Longitude, Timestamp, Horizontal Accuracy, and IP Address, and non-standard attributes such as Geohash and H3. In addition, we have historical data available back through 2022.

Through our in-house data science team, we offer sophisticated technical documentation, location data algorithms, and queries that help data buyers get a head start on their analyses. Our goal is to provide you with data that is “fit for purpose”.

Autonomous Data Cleaning with AI Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global Autonomous Data Cleaning with AI market size in 2024 reached USD 1.82 billion, reflecting a robust expansion driven by rapid digital transformation across industries. The market is experiencing a CAGR of 25.7% from 2025 to 2033, with forecasts indicating that the market will reach USD 14.4 billion by 2033. This remarkable growth is primarily attributed to the increasing demand for high-quality, reliable data to power advanced analytics and artificial intelligence initiatives, as well as the escalating complexity and volume of data in modern enterprises.

The surge in the adoption of artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies is a critical growth factor propelling the Autonomous Data Cleaning with AI market. Organizations are increasingly recognizing the importance of clean, accurate data as a foundational asset for digital transformation, predictive analytics, and data-driven decision-making. As data volumes continue to explode, manual data cleaning processes have become unsustainable, leading enterprises to seek autonomous solutions powered by AI algorithms. These solutions not only automate error detection and correction but also enhance data consistency, integrity, and usability across disparate systems, reducing operational costs and improving business agility.

Another significant driver for the Autonomous Data Cleaning with AI market is the rising regulatory pressure around data governance and compliance. Industries such as banking, finance, and healthcare are subject to stringent data quality requirements, necessitating robust mechanisms to ensure data accuracy and traceability. AI-powered autonomous data cleaning tools are increasingly being integrated into enterprise data management strategies to address these regulatory challenges. These tools help organizations maintain compliance, minimize the risk of data breaches, and avoid costly penalties, further fueling market growth as regulatory frameworks become more complex and widespread across global markets.

The proliferation of cloud computing and the shift towards hybrid and multi-cloud environments are also accelerating the adoption of Autonomous Data Cleaning with AI solutions. As organizations migrate workloads and data assets to the cloud, ensuring data quality across distributed environments becomes paramount. Cloud-based autonomous data cleaning platforms offer scalability, flexibility, and integration capabilities that are well-suited to dynamic enterprise needs. The growing ecosystem of cloud-native AI tools, combined with the increasing sophistication of data integration and orchestration platforms, is enabling businesses to deploy autonomous data cleaning at scale, driving substantial market expansion.

From a regional perspective, North America continues to dominate the Autonomous Data Cleaning with AI market, accounting for the largest revenue share in 2024. The region’s advanced technological infrastructure, high concentration of AI innovators, and early adoption by large enterprises are key factors supporting its leadership position. However, Asia Pacific is emerging as the fastest-growing regional market, fueled by rapid digitalization, expanding IT investments, and strong government initiatives supporting AI and data-driven innovation. Europe also remains a significant contributor, with increasing adoption in sectors such as banking, healthcare, and manufacturing. Overall, the global market exhibits a broadening geographic footprint, with opportunities emerging across both developed and developing economies.

Component Analysis

The Autonomous Data Cleaning with AI market is segmented by component into Software and Services. The software segment currently holds the largest share of the market, driven by the rapid advancement and deployment of AI-powered data cleaning platforms. These software solutions leverage sophisticated algorithms for anomaly detection, deduplication, data enrichment, and validation, providing organizations with automated tools to ensure data quality at scale. The increasing integration of machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) capabilities further enhances the effectiveness of these platforms, enabling them to address a wide range of data quality issues across structured and unstructured datasets.

The

Original dataset for the figures produced in Further Adventures in Data Cleaning. (2023)

Reddit is a social news, content rating and discussion website. It's one of the most popular sites on the internet. Reddit has 52 million daily active users and approximately 430 million users who use it once a month. Reddit has different subreddits and here We'll use the r/AskScience Subreddit.

The dataset is extracted from the subreddit /r/AskScience from Reddit. The data was collected between 01-01-2016 and 20-05-2022. It contains 612,668 Datapoints and 25 Columns. The database contains a number of information about the questions asked on the subreddit, the description of the submission, the flair of the question, NSFW or SFW status, the year of the submission, and more. The data is extracted using python and Pushshift's API. A little bit of cleaning is done using NumPy and pandas as well. (see the descriptions of individual columns below).

The dataset contains the following columns and descriptions: author - Redditor Name author_fullname - Redditor Full name contest_mode - Contest mode [implement obscured scores and randomized sorting]. created_utc - Time the submission was created, represented in Unix Time. domain - Domain of submission. edited - If the post is edited or not. full_link - Link of the post on the subreddit. id - ID of the submission. is_self - Whether or not the submission is a self post (text-only). link_flair_css_class - CSS Class used to identify the flair. link_flair_text - Flair on the post or The link flair’s text content. locked - Whether or not the submission has been locked. num_comments - The number of comments on the submission. over_18 - Whether or not the submission has been marked as NSFW. permalink - A permalink for the submission. retrieved_on - time ingested. score - The number of upvotes for the submission. description - Description of the Submission. spoiler - Whether or not the submission has been marked as a spoiler. stickied - Whether or not the submission is stickied. thumbnail - Thumbnail of Submission. question - Question Asked in the Submission. url - The URL the submission links to, or the permalink if a self post. year - Year of the Submission. banned - Banned by the moderator or not.

This dataset can be used for Flair Prediction, NSFW Classification, and different Text Mining/NLP tasks. Exploratory Data Analysis can also be done to get the insights and see the trend and patterns over the years.

Snapshot img

Data Science Platform Market Size 2025-2029

The data science platform market size is valued to increase USD 763.9 million, at a CAGR of 40.2% from 2024 to 2029. Integration of AI and ML technologies with data science platforms will drive the data science platform market.

Major Market Trends & Insights

North America dominated the market and accounted for a 48% growth during the forecast period.
By Deployment - On-premises segment was valued at USD 38.70 million in 2023
By Component - Platform segment accounted for the largest market revenue share in 2023

Market Size & Forecast

Market Opportunities: USD 1.00 million
Market Future Opportunities: USD 763.90 million
CAGR : 40.2%
North America: Largest market in 2023

Market Summary

The market represents a dynamic and continually evolving landscape, underpinned by advancements in core technologies and applications. Key technologies, such as machine learning and artificial intelligence, are increasingly integrated into data science platforms to enhance predictive analytics and automate data processing. Additionally, the emergence of containerization and microservices in data science platforms enables greater flexibility and scalability. However, the market also faces challenges, including data privacy and security risks, which necessitate robust compliance with regulations.
According to recent estimates, the market is expected to account for over 30% of the overall big data analytics market by 2025, underscoring its growing importance in the data-driven business landscape.

What will be the Size of the Data Science Platform Market during the forecast period?

Get Key Insights on Market Forecast (PDF) Request Free Sample

How is the Data Science Platform Market Segmented and what are the key trends of market segmentation?

The data science platform industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Deployment

  On-premises
  Cloud


Component

  Platform
  Services


End-user

  BFSI
  Retail and e-commerce
  Manufacturing
  Media and entertainment
  Others


Sector

  Large enterprises
  SMEs


Application

  Data Preparation
  Data Visualization
  Machine Learning
  Predictive Analytics
  Data Governance
  Others


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    UK


  Middle East and Africa

    UAE


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  South America

    Brazil


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Deployment Insights

The on-premises segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

In the dynamic and evolving the market, big data processing is a key focus, enabling advanced model accuracy metrics through various data mining methods. Distributed computing and algorithm optimization are integral components, ensuring efficient handling of large datasets. Data governance policies are crucial for managing data security protocols and ensuring data lineage tracking. Software development kits, model versioning, and anomaly detection systems facilitate seamless development, deployment, and monitoring of predictive modeling techniques, including machine learning algorithms, regression analysis, and statistical modeling. Real-time data streaming and parallelized algorithms enable real-time insights, while predictive modeling techniques and machine learning algorithms drive business intelligence and decision-making.

Cloud computing infrastructure, data visualization tools, high-performance computing, and database management systems support scalable data solutions and efficient data warehousing. ETL processes and data integration pipelines ensure data quality assessment and feature engineering techniques. Clustering techniques and natural language processing are essential for advanced data analysis. The market is witnessing significant growth, with adoption increasing by 18.7% in the past year, and industry experts anticipate a further expansion of 21.6% in the upcoming period. Companies across various sectors are recognizing the potential of data science platforms, leading to a surge in demand for scalable, secure, and efficient solutions.

API integration services and deep learning frameworks are gaining traction, offering advanced capabilities and seamless integration with existing systems. Data security protocols and model explainability methods are becoming increasingly important, ensuring transparency and trust in data-driven decision-making. The market is expected to continue unfolding, with ongoing advancements in technology and evolving business needs shaping its future trajectory.

Request Free Sample

The On-premises segment was valued at USD 38.70 million in 2019 and showed

E-commerce Product Dataset - Clean and Enhance Your Data Analysis Skills or Check Out The Cleaned File Below!

This dataset offers a comprehensive collection of product information from an e-commerce store, spread across 20+ CSV files and encompassing over 80,000+ products. It presents a valuable opportunity to test and refine your data cleaning and wrangling skills.

What's Included:

A variety of product categories, including:

• Apparel & Accessories
• Electronics
• Home & Kitchen
• Beauty & Health
• Toys & Games
• Men's Clothes
• Women's Clothes
• Pet Supplies
• Sports & Outdoor
• (and more!)

Each product record contains details such as:

• Product Title
• Category
• Price
• Discount information
• (and other attributes)

Challenges and Opportunities:

Data Cleaning: The dataset is "dirty," containing missing values, inconsistencies in formatting, and potential errors. This provides a chance to practice your data-cleaning techniques such as:

• Identifying and handling missing values
• Standardizing data formats
• Correcting inconsistencies
• Dealing with duplicate entries

Feature Engineering: After cleaning, you can explore opportunities to create new features from the existing data, such as: - Extracting keywords from product titles and descriptions - Deriving price categories - Calculating average discounts

Who can benefit from this dataset?

• Data analysts and scientists looking to practice data cleaning and wrangling skills on a real-world e-commerce dataset
• Machine learning enthusiasts interested in building models for product recommendation, price prediction, or other e-commerce tasks
• Anyone interested in exploring and understanding the structure and organization of product data in an e-commerce setting
• By contributing to this dataset and sharing your cleaning and feature engineering approaches, you can help create a valuable resource for the Kaggle community!

The files in here contain training and testing data for the AP-SVM data cleaning model, including datasets curated for leakage and sacrifice studies. Raw and digital signal processed files are included