Data Cleansing Software Market Outlook

The global data cleansing software market size was valued at approximately USD 1.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around USD 4.2 billion by 2032, exhibiting a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 12.5% during the forecast period. This substantial growth can be attributed to the increasing importance of maintaining clean and reliable data for business intelligence and analytics, which are driving the adoption of data cleansing solutions across various industries.

The proliferation of big data and the growing emphasis on data-driven decision-making are significant growth factors for the data cleansing software market. As organizations collect vast amounts of data from multiple sources, ensuring that this data is accurate, consistent, and complete becomes critical for deriving actionable insights. Data cleansing software helps organizations eliminate inaccuracies, inconsistencies, and redundancies, thereby enhancing the quality of their data and improving overall operational efficiency. Additionally, the rising adoption of advanced analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies further fuels the demand for data cleansing software, as clean data is essential for the accuracy and reliability of these technologies.

Another key driver of market growth is the increasing regulatory pressure for data compliance and governance. Governments and regulatory bodies across the globe are implementing stringent data protection regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) in the United States. These regulations mandate organizations to ensure the accuracy and security of the personal data they handle. Data cleansing software assists organizations in complying with these regulations by identifying and rectifying inaccuracies in their data repositories, thus minimizing the risk of non-compliance and hefty penalties.

The growing trend of digital transformation across various industries also contributes to the expanding data cleansing software market. As businesses transition to digital platforms, they generate and accumulate enormous volumes of data. To derive meaningful insights and maintain a competitive edge, it is imperative for organizations to maintain high-quality data. Data cleansing software plays a pivotal role in this process by enabling organizations to streamline their data management practices and ensure the integrity of their data. Furthermore, the increasing adoption of cloud-based solutions provides additional impetus to the market, as cloud platforms facilitate seamless integration and scalability of data cleansing tools.

Regionally, North America holds a dominant position in the data cleansing software market, driven by the presence of numerous technology giants and the rapid adoption of advanced data management solutions. The region is expected to continue its dominance during the forecast period, supported by the strong emphasis on data quality and compliance. Europe is also a significant market, with countries like Germany, the UK, and France showing substantial demand for data cleansing solutions. The Asia Pacific region is poised for significant growth, fueled by the increasing digitalization of businesses and the rising awareness of data quality's importance. Emerging economies in Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also expected to witness steady growth, driven by the growing adoption of data-driven technologies.

The role of Data Quality Tools cannot be overstated in the context of data cleansing software. These tools are integral in ensuring that the data being processed is not only clean but also of high quality, which is crucial for accurate analytics and decision-making. Data Quality Tools help in profiling, monitoring, and cleansing data, thereby ensuring that organizations can trust their data for strategic decisions. As organizations increasingly rely on data-driven insights, the demand for robust Data Quality Tools is expected to rise. These tools offer functionalities such as data validation, standardization, and enrichment, which are essential for maintaining the integrity of data across various platforms and applications. The integration of these tools with data cleansing software enhances the overall data management capabilities of organizations, enabling them to achieve greater operational efficiency and compliance with data regulations.

Component Analysis

The data cle

The data cleansing software market is expanding rapidly, with a market size of XXX million in 2023 and a projected CAGR of XX% from 2023 to 2033. This growth is driven by the increasing need for accurate and reliable data in various industries, including healthcare, finance, and retail. Key market trends include the growing adoption of cloud-based solutions, the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to automate the data cleansing process, and the increasing demand for data governance and compliance. The market is segmented by deployment type (cloud-based vs. on-premise) and application (large enterprises vs. SMEs vs. government agencies). Major players in the market include IBM, SAS Institute Inc, SAP SE, Trifacta, OpenRefine, Data Ladder, Analytics Canvas (nModal Solutions Inc.), Mo-Data, Prospecta, WinPure Ltd, Symphonic Source Inc, MuleSoft, MapR Technologies, V12 Data, and Informatica. This report provides a comprehensive overview of the global data cleansing software market, with a focus on market concentration, product insights, regional insights, trends, driving forces, challenges and restraints, growth catalysts, leading players, and significant developments.

Sample data for exercises in Further Adventures in Data Cleaning.

Embark on a transformative journey with our Data Cleaning Project, where we meticulously refine and polish raw data into valuable insights. Our project focuses on streamlining data sets, removing inconsistencies, and ensuring accuracy to unlock its full potential.

Through advanced techniques and rigorous processes, we standardize formats, address missing values, and eliminate duplicates, creating a clean and reliable foundation for analysis. By enhancing data quality, we empower organizations to make informed decisions, drive innovation, and achieve strategic objectives with confidence.

Join us as we embark on this essential phase of data preparation, paving the way for more accurate and actionable insights that fuel success."

Data Cleansing Tools Market Outlook

The global data cleansing tools market size was valued at approximately USD 1.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 4.2 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 12.1% from 2024 to 2032. One of the primary growth factors driving the market is the increasing need for high-quality data in various business operations and decision-making processes.

The surge in big data and the subsequent increased reliance on data analytics are significant factors propelling the growth of the data cleansing tools market. Organizations increasingly recognize the value of high-quality data in driving strategic initiatives, customer relationship management, and operational efficiency. The proliferation of data generated across different sectors such as healthcare, finance, retail, and telecommunications necessitates the adoption of tools that can clean, standardize, and enrich data to ensure its reliability and accuracy.

Furthermore, the rising adoption of Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies has underscored the importance of clean data. These technologies rely heavily on large datasets to provide accurate and reliable insights. Any errors or inconsistencies in data can lead to erroneous outcomes, making data cleansing tools indispensable. Additionally, regulatory and compliance requirements across various industries necessitate the maintenance of clean and accurate data, further driving the market for data cleansing tools.

The growing trend of digital transformation across industries is another critical growth factor. As businesses increasingly transition from traditional methods to digital platforms, the volume of data generated has skyrocketed. However, this data often comes from disparate sources and in various formats, leading to inconsistencies and errors. Data cleansing tools are essential in such scenarios to integrate data from multiple sources and ensure its quality, thus enabling organizations to derive actionable insights and maintain a competitive edge.

In the context of ensuring data reliability and accuracy, Data Quality Software and Solutions play a pivotal role. These solutions are designed to address the challenges associated with managing large volumes of data from diverse sources. By implementing robust data quality frameworks, organizations can enhance their data governance strategies, ensuring that data is not only clean but also consistent and compliant with industry standards. This is particularly crucial in sectors where data-driven decision-making is integral to business success, such as finance and healthcare. The integration of advanced data quality solutions helps businesses mitigate risks associated with poor data quality, thereby enhancing operational efficiency and strategic planning.

Regionally, North America is expected to hold the largest market share due to the early adoption of advanced technologies, robust IT infrastructure, and the presence of key market players. Europe is also anticipated to witness substantial growth due to stringent data protection regulations and the increasing adoption of data-driven decision-making processes. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is projected to experience the highest growth rate, driven by the rapid digitalization of emerging economies, the expansion of the IT and telecommunications sector, and increasing investments in data management solutions.

Component Analysis

The data cleansing tools market is segmented into software and services based on components. The software segment is anticipated to dominate the market due to its extensive use in automating the data cleansing process. The software solutions are designed to identify, rectify, and remove errors in data sets, ensuring data accuracy and consistency. They offer various functionalities such as data profiling, validation, enrichment, and standardization, which are critical in maintaining high data quality. The high demand for these functionalities across various industries is driving the growth of the software segment.

On the other hand, the services segment, which includes professional services and managed services, is also expected to witness significant growth. Professional services such as consulting, implementation, and training are crucial for organizations to effectively deploy and utilize data cleansing tools. As businesses increasingly realize the importance of clean data, the demand for expert

A data cleaning tool customised for cleaning and sorting the data generated during the Enviro-Champs pilot study as they are downloaded from Formshare, the platform capturing data sent from a customised ODK Collect form collection app. The dataset inclues the latest data from the pilot study as at 14 May 2024.

This dataset presents a dual-version representation of employment-related data from India, crafted to highlight the importance of data cleaning and transformation in any real-world data science or analytics project.

🔹 Dataset Composition:

It includes two parallel datasets: 1. Messy Dataset (Raw) – Represents a typical unprocessed dataset often encountered in data collection from surveys, databases, or manual entries. 2. Cleaned Dataset – This version demonstrates how proper data preprocessing can significantly enhance the quality and usability of data for analytical and visualization purposes.

Each record captures multiple attributes related to individuals in the Indian job market, including: - Age Group
- Employment Status (Employed/Unemployed)
- Monthly Salary (INR)
- Education Level
- Industry Sector
- Years of Experience
- Location
- Perceived AI Risk
- Date of Data Recording

Transformations & Cleaning Applied:

The raw dataset underwent comprehensive transformations to convert it into its clean, analysis-ready form: - Missing Values: Identified and handled using either row elimination (where critical data was missing) or imputation techniques. - Duplicate Records: Identified using row comparison and removed to prevent analytical skew. - Inconsistent Formatting: Unified inconsistent naming in columns (like 'monthly_salary_(inr)' → 'Monthly Salary (INR)'), capitalization, and string spacing. - Incorrect Data Types: Converted columns like salary from string/object to float for numerical analysis. - Outliers: Detected and handled based on domain logic and distribution analysis. - Categorization: Converted numeric ages into grouped age categories for comparative analysis. - Standardization: Uniform labels for employment status, industry names, education, and AI risk levels were applied for visualization clarity.

Purpose & Utility:

This dataset is ideal for learners and professionals who want to understand: - The impact of messy data on visualization and insights - How transformation steps can dramatically improve data interpretation - Practical examples of preprocessing techniques before feeding into ML models or BI tools

It's also useful for: - Training ML models with clean inputs
- Data storytelling with visual clarity
- Demonstrating reproducibility in data cleaning pipelines

By examining both the messy and clean datasets, users gain a deeper appreciation for why “garbage in, garbage out” rings true in the world of data science.

OpenRefine (formerly Google Refine) is a powerful free and open source tool for data cleaning, enabling you to correct errors in the data, and make sure that the values and formatting are consistent. In addition, OpenRefine records your processing steps, enabling you to apply the same cleaning procedure to other data, and enhancing the reproducibility of your analysis. This workshop will teach you to use OpenRefine to clean and format data and automatically track any changes that you make.

How To Cite?

Alinaghi, N., Giannopoulos, I., Kattenbeck, M., & Raubal, M. (2025). Decoding wayfinding: analyzing wayfinding processes in the outdoor environment. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2025.2473599

Link to the paper: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13658816.2025.2473599

Folder Structure

The folder named “submission” contains the following:

1. “pythonProject”: This folder contains all the Python files and subfolders needed for analysis.
2. ijgis.yml: This file lists all the Python libraries and dependencies required to run the code.

Setting Up the Environment

1. Use the ijgis.yml file to create a Python project and environment. Ensure you activate the environment before running the code.
2. The pythonProject folder contains several .py files and subfolders, each with specific functionality as described below.

Subfolders

1. Data_4_IJGIS

• This folder contains the data used for the results reported in the paper.
• Note: The data analysis that we explain in this paper already begins with the synchronization and cleaning of the recorded raw data. The published data is already synchronized and cleaned. Both the cleaned files and the merged files with features extracted for them are given in this directory. If you want to perform the segmentation and feature extraction yourself, you should run the respective Python files yourself. If not, you can use the “merged_…csv” files as input for the training.

2. results_[DateTime] (e.g., results_20240906_15_00_13)

• This folder will be generated when you run the code and will store the output of each step.
• The current folder contains results created during code debugging for the submission.
• When you run the code, a new folder with fresh results will be generated.

Python Files

1. helper_functions.py

• Contains reusable functions used throughout the analysis.
• Each function includes a description of its purpose and the input parameters required.

2. create_sanity_plots.py

• Generates scatter plots like those in Figure 3 of the paper.
• Although the code has been run for all 309 trials, it can be used to check the sample data provided.
• Output: A .png file for each column of the raw gaze and IMU recordings, color-coded with logged events.
• Usage: Run this file to create visualizations similar to Figure 3.

3. overlapping_sliding_window_loop.py

• Implements overlapping sliding window segmentation and generates plots like those in Figure 4.
• Output:
  • Two new subfolders, “Gaze” and “IMU”, will be added to the Data_4_IJGIS folder.
  • Segmented files (default: 2–10 seconds with a 1-second step size) will be saved as .csv files.
  • A visualization of the segments, similar to Figure 4, will be automatically generated.

4. gaze_features.py & imu_features.py (Note: there has been an update to the IDT function implementation in the gaze_features.py on 19.03.2025.)

• These files compute features as explained in Tables 1 and 2 of the paper, respectively.
• They process the segmented recordings generated by the overlapping_sliding_window_loop.py.
• Usage: Just to know how the features are calculated, you can run this code after the segmentation with the sliding window and run these files to calculate the features from the segmented data.

5. training_prediction.py

• This file contains the main machine learning analysis of the paper. This file contains all the code for the training of the model, its evaluation, and its use for the inference of the “monitoring part”. It covers the following steps:

a. Data Preparation (corresponding to Section 5.1.1 of the paper)

• Prepares the data according to the research question (RQ) described in the paper. Since this data was collected with several RQs in mind, we remove parts of the data that are not related to the RQ of this paper.
• A function named plot_labels_comparison(df, save_path, x_label_freq=10, figsize=(15, 5)) in line 116 visualizes the data preparation results. As this visualization is not used in the paper, the line is commented out, but if you want to see visually what has been changed compared to the original data, you can comment out this line.

b. Training/Validation/Test Split

• Splits the data for machine learning experiments (an explanation can be found in Section 5.1.1. Preparation of data for training and inference of the paper).
• Make sure that you follow the instructions in the comments to the code exactly.
• Output: The split data is saved as .csv files in the results folder.

c. Machine and Deep Learning Experiments

This part contains three main code blocks:

iii. One for the XGboost code with correct hyperparameter tuning:
Please read the instructions for each block carefully to ensure that the code works smoothly. Regardless of which block you use, you will get the classification results (in the form of scores) for unseen data. The way we empirically test the confidence threshold of

• MLP Network (Commented Out): This code was used for classification with the MLP network, and the results shown in Table 3 are from this code. If you wish to use this model, please comment out the following blocks accordingly.
• XGBoost without Hyperparameter Tuning: If you want to run the code but do not want to spend time on the full training with hyperparameter tuning (as was done for the paper), just uncomment this part. This will give you a simple, untuned model with which you can achieve at least some results.
• XGBoost with Hyperparameter Tuning: If you want to train the model the way we trained it for the analysis reported in the paper, use this block (the plots in Figure 7 are from this block). We ran this block with different feature sets and different segmentation files and created a simple bar chart from the saved results, shown in Figure 6.

Note: Please read the instructions for each block carefully to ensure that the code works smoothly. Regardless of which block you use, you will get the classification results (in the form of scores) for unseen data. The way we empirically calculated the confidence threshold of the model (explained in the paper in Section 5.2. Part II: Decoding surveillance by sequence analysis) is given in this block in lines 361 to 380.

d. Inference (Monitoring Part)

• Final inference is performed using the monitoring data. This step produces a .csv file containing inferred labels.
• Figure 8 in the paper is generated using this part of the code.

6. sequence_analysis.py

• Performs analysis on the inferred data, producing Figures 9 and 10 from the paper.
• This file reads the inferred data from the previous step and performs sequence analysis as described in Sections 5.2.1 and 5.2.2.

Licenses

The data is licensed under CC-BY, the code is licensed under MIT.

Access and clean an open source herbarium dataset using Excel or RStudio.

Dataset Description: Clean and Ready for Relational Database Import This dataset is a comprehensive collection of well-structured and meticulously cleaned data, meticulously prepared for seamless integration into a relational database. The dataset has undergone thorough data cleansing procedures to ensure that it is free from inconsistencies, missing values, and duplicate records. This guarantees a smooth and efficient data analysis experience for users, without the need for additional preprocessing steps.

The LSC (Leicester Scientific Corpus)

April 2020 by Neslihan Suzen, PhD student at the University of Leicester (ns433@leicester.ac.uk) Supervised by Prof Alexander Gorban and Dr Evgeny MirkesThe data are extracted from the Web of Science [1]. You may not copy or distribute these data in whole or in part without the written consent of Clarivate Analytics.[Version 2] A further cleaning is applied in Data Processing for LSC Abstracts in Version 1*. Details of cleaning procedure are explained in Step 6.* Suzen, Neslihan (2019): LSC (Leicester Scientific Corpus). figshare. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25392/leicester.data.9449639.v1.Getting StartedThis text provides the information on the LSC (Leicester Scientific Corpus) and pre-processing steps on abstracts, and describes the structure of files to organise the corpus. This corpus is created to be used in future work on the quantification of the meaning of research texts and make it available for use in Natural Language Processing projects.LSC is a collection of abstracts of articles and proceeding papers published in 2014, and indexed by the Web of Science (WoS) database [1]. The corpus contains only documents in English. Each document in the corpus contains the following parts:1. Authors: The list of authors of the paper2. Title: The title of the paper 3. Abstract: The abstract of the paper 4. Categories: One or more category from the list of categories [2]. Full list of categories is presented in file ‘List_of _Categories.txt’. 5. Research Areas: One or more research area from the list of research areas [3]. Full list of research areas is presented in file ‘List_of_Research_Areas.txt’. 6. Total Times cited: The number of times the paper was cited by other items from all databases within Web of Science platform [4] 7. Times cited in Core Collection: The total number of times the paper was cited by other papers within the WoS Core Collection [4]The corpus was collected in July 2018 online and contains the number of citations from publication date to July 2018. We describe a document as the collection of information (about a paper) listed above. The total number of documents in LSC is 1,673,350.Data ProcessingStep 1: Downloading of the Data Online

The dataset is collected manually by exporting documents as Tab-delimitated files online. All documents are available online.Step 2: Importing the Dataset to R

The LSC was collected as TXT files. All documents are extracted to R.Step 3: Cleaning the Data from Documents with Empty Abstract or without CategoryAs our research is based on the analysis of abstracts and categories, all documents with empty abstracts and documents without categories are removed.Step 4: Identification and Correction of Concatenate Words in AbstractsEspecially medicine-related publications use ‘structured abstracts’. Such type of abstracts are divided into sections with distinct headings such as introduction, aim, objective, method, result, conclusion etc. Used tool for extracting abstracts leads concatenate words of section headings with the first word of the section. For instance, we observe words such as ConclusionHigher and ConclusionsRT etc. The detection and identification of such words is done by sampling of medicine-related publications with human intervention. Detected concatenate words are split into two words. For instance, the word ‘ConclusionHigher’ is split into ‘Conclusion’ and ‘Higher’.The section headings in such abstracts are listed below:

Background Method(s) Design Theoretical Measurement(s) Location Aim(s) Methodology Process Abstract Population Approach Objective(s) Purpose(s) Subject(s) Introduction Implication(s) Patient(s) Procedure(s) Hypothesis Measure(s) Setting(s) Limitation(s) Discussion Conclusion(s) Result(s) Finding(s) Material (s) Rationale(s) Implications for health and nursing policyStep 5: Extracting (Sub-setting) the Data Based on Lengths of AbstractsAfter correction, the lengths of abstracts are calculated. ‘Length’ indicates the total number of words in the text, calculated by the same rule as for Microsoft Word ‘word count’ [5].According to APA style manual [6], an abstract should contain between 150 to 250 words. In LSC, we decided to limit length of abstracts from 30 to 500 words in order to study documents with abstracts of typical length ranges and to avoid the effect of the length to the analysis.

Step 6: [Version 2] Cleaning Copyright Notices, Permission polices, Journal Names and Conference Names from LSC Abstracts in Version 1Publications can include a footer of copyright notice, permission policy, journal name, licence, author’s right or conference name below the text of abstract by conferences and journals. Used tool for extracting and processing abstracts in WoS database leads to attached such footers to the text. For example, our casual observation yields that copyright notices such as ‘Published by Elsevier ltd.’ is placed in many texts. To avoid abnormal appearances of words in further analysis of words such as bias in frequency calculation, we performed a cleaning procedure on such sentences and phrases in abstracts of LSC version 1. We removed copyright notices, names of conferences, names of journals, authors’ rights, licenses and permission policies identified by sampling of abstracts.Step 7: [Version 2] Re-extracting (Sub-setting) the Data Based on Lengths of AbstractsThe cleaning procedure described in previous step leaded to some abstracts having less than our minimum length criteria (30 words). 474 texts were removed.Step 8: Saving the Dataset into CSV FormatDocuments are saved into 34 CSV files. In CSV files, the information is organised with one record on each line and parts of abstract, title, list of authors, list of categories, list of research areas, and times cited is recorded in fields.To access the LSC for research purposes, please email to ns433@le.ac.uk.References[1]Web of Science. (15 July). Available: https://apps.webofknowledge.com/ [2]WoS Subject Categories. Available: https://images.webofknowledge.com/WOKRS56B5/help/WOS/hp_subject_category_terms_tasca.html [3]Research Areas in WoS. Available: https://images.webofknowledge.com/images/help/WOS/hp_research_areas_easca.html [4]Times Cited in WoS Core Collection. (15 July). Available: https://support.clarivate.com/ScientificandAcademicResearch/s/article/Web-of-Science-Times-Cited-accessibility-and-variation?language=en_US [5]Word Count. Available: https://support.office.com/en-us/article/show-word-count-3c9e6a11-a04d-43b4-977c-563a0e0d5da3 [6]A. P. Association, Publication manual. American Psychological Association Washington, DC, 1983.

This data used for research that concern about Immunization and health of children in West Java Province, Indonesia. The data collection process was carried out from August 1 to August 31, 2021, with the target sample including parents who have children under the age of 5 years.

Dataset Description

This dataset is a collection of customer, product, sales, and location data extracted from a CRM and ERP system for a retail company. It has been cleaned and transformed through various ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) processes to ensure data consistency, accuracy, and completeness. Below is a breakdown of the dataset components: 1. Customer Information (s_crm_cust_info)

This table contains information about customers, including their unique identifiers and demographic details.

Columns:

  cst_id: Customer ID (Primary Key)

  cst_gndr: Gender

  cst_marital_status: Marital status

  cst_create_date: Customer account creation date

Cleaning Steps:

  Removed duplicates and handled missing or null cst_id values.

  Trimmed leading and trailing spaces in cst_gndr and cst_marital_status.

  Standardized gender values and identified inconsistencies in marital status.

1. Product Information (s_crm_prd_info / b_crm_prd_info)

This table contains information about products, including product identifiers, names, costs, and lifecycle dates.

Columns:

  prd_id: Product ID

  prd_key: Product key

  prd_nm: Product name

  prd_cost: Product cost

  prd_start_dt: Product start date

  prd_end_dt: Product end date

Cleaning Steps:

  Checked for duplicates and null values in the prd_key column.

  Validated product dates to ensure prd_start_dt is earlier than prd_end_dt.

  Corrected product costs to remove invalid entries (e.g., negative values).

1. Sales Details (s_crm_sales_details / b_crm_sales_details)

This table contains information about sales transactions, including order dates, quantities, prices, and sales amounts.

Columns:

  sls_order_dt: Sales order date

  sls_due_dt: Sales due date

  sls_sales: Total sales amount

  sls_quantity: Number of products sold

  sls_price: Product unit price

Cleaning Steps:

  Validated sales order dates and corrected invalid entries.

  Checked for discrepancies where sls_sales did not match sls_price * sls_quantity and corrected them.

  Removed null and negative values from sls_sales, sls_quantity, and sls_price.

1. ERP Customer Data (b_erp_cust_az12, s_erp_cust_az12)

This table contains additional customer demographic data, including gender and birthdate.

Columns:

  cid: Customer ID

  gen: Gender

  bdate: Birthdate

Cleaning Steps:

  Checked for missing or null gender values and standardized inconsistent entries.

  Removed leading/trailing spaces from gen and bdate.

  Validated birthdates to ensure they were within a realistic range.

1. Location Information (b_erp_loc_a101)

This table contains country information related to the customers' locations.

Columns:

  cntry: Country

Cleaning Steps:

  Standardized country names (e.g., "US" and "USA" were mapped to "United States").

  Removed special characters (e.g., carriage returns) and trimmed whitespace.

1. Product Category (b_erp_px_cat_g1v2)

This table contains product category information.

Columns:

  Product category data (no significant cleaning required).

Key Features:

Customer demographics, including gender and marital status

Product details such as cost, start date, and end date

Sales data with order dates, quantities, and sales amounts

ERP-specific customer and location data

Data Cleaning Process:

This dataset underwent extensive cleaning and validation, including:

Null and Duplicate Removal: Ensuring no duplicate or missing critical data (e.g., customer IDs, product keys).

Date Validations: Ensuring correct date ranges and chronological consistency.

Data Standardization: Standardizing categorical fields (e.g., gender, country names) and fixing inconsistent values.

Sales Integrity Checks: Ensuring sales amounts match the expected product of price and quantity.

This dataset is now ready for analysis and modeling, with clean, consistent, and validated data for retail analytics, customer segmentation, product analysis, and sales forecasting.

Code and data for "Plastic bag bans and fees reduce harmful bag litter on shorelines " by Anna Papp and Kimberly Oremus.Please see included README file for details: This folder includes code and data to fully replicate Figures 1-5. In addition, the folder also includes instructions to rerun data cleaning steps. Last modified: March 6, 2025For any questions, please reach out to ap3907@columbia.edu._Code (replication/code):To replicate main figures, run each file for each main figure: - 1_figure1.R- 1_figure2.R- 1_figure3.R - 1_figure4.R- 1_figure5.R Update the home directory to match where the directory is saved ("replication" folder) in this file before running it. The code will require you to install packages (see note on versions below).To replicate entire data cleaning pipeline:- First download all required data (explained in Data section below). - Run code in code/0_setup folder (refer to separate README file)._ R-Version and Package VersionsThe project was developed and executed using:- R version: 4.0.0 (2024-04-24)- Platform: macOS 13.5 Code was developed and main figures were created using the following versions: - data.table: 1.14.2- dplyr: 1.1.4- readr: 2.1.2- tidyr: 1.2.0- broom: 0.7.12- stringr: 1.5.1- lubridate: 1.7.9- raster: 3.5.15- sf: 1.0.7- readxl: 1.4.0- cobalt: 4.4.1.9002- spdep: 1.2.3- ggplot2: 3.4.4- PNWColors: 0.1.0- grid: 4.0.0- gridExtra: 2.3- ggpubr: 0.4.0- knitr: 1.48- zoo: 1.8.12 - fixest: 0.11.2- lfe: 2.8.7.1 - did: 2.1.2- didimputation: 0.3.0 - DIDmultiplegt: 0.1.0- DIDmultiplegtDYN: 1.0.15- scales: 1.2.1 - usmap: 0.6.1 - tigris: 2.0.1 - dotwhisker: 0.7.4_Data Processed data files are provided to replicate main figures. To replicate from raw data, follow the instructions below.Policies (needs to be recreated or email for version): Compiled from bagtheban.com/in-your-state/, rila.org/retail-compliance-center/consumer-bag-legislation, baglaws.com, nicholasinstitute.duke.edu/plastics-policy-inventory, and wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_bag_bans_in_the_United_States; and massgreen.org/plastic-bag-legislation.html and cawrecycles.org/list-of-local-bag-bans to confirm legislation in Massachusetts and California.TIDES (needs to be downloaded for full replication): Download cleanup data for the United States from Ocean Conservancy (coastalcleanupdata.org/reports). Download files for 2000-2009, 2010-2014, and then each separate year from 2015 until 2023. Save files in the data/tides directory, as year.csv (and 2000-2009.csv, 2010-2014.csv) Also download entanglement data for each year (2016-2023) separately in a file called data/tides/entanglement (each file should be called 'entangled-animals-united-states_YEAR.csv').Shapefiles (needs to be downloaded for full replication): Download shapefiles for processing cleanups and policies. Download county shapefiles from the US Census Bureau; save files in the data/shapefiles directory, county shapefile should be in folder called county (files called cb_2018_us_county_500k.shp). Download TIGER Zip Code tabulation areas from the US Census Bureau (through data.gov); save files in the data/shapefiles directory, zip codes shapefile folder and files should be called tl_2019_us_zcta510.Other: Helper files with US county and state fips codes, lists of US counties and zip codes in data/other directory, provided in the directory except as follows. Download zip code list and 2020 IRS population data from United States zip codes and save as uszipcodes.csv in data/other directory. Download demographic characteristics of zip codes from Social Explorer and save as raw_zip_characteristics.csv in data/other directory.Refer to the .txt files in each data folder to ensure all necessary files are downloaded.

The Data Cleansing Tools market is rapidly evolving as businesses increasingly recognize the importance of data quality in driving decision-making and strategic initiatives. Data cleansing, also known as data scrubbing or data cleaning, involves the process of identifying and correcting errors and inconsistencies in

Quadrant provides Insightful, accurate, and reliable mobile location data.

Our privacy-first mobile location data unveils hidden patterns and opportunities, provides actionable insights, and fuels data-driven decision-making at the world's biggest companies.

These companies rely on our privacy-first Mobile Location and Points-of-Interest Data to unveil hidden patterns and opportunities, provide actionable insights, and fuel data-driven decision-making. They build better AI models, uncover business insights, and enable location-based services using our robust and reliable real-world data.

We conduct stringent evaluations on data providers to ensure authenticity and quality. Our proprietary algorithms detect, and cleanse corrupted and duplicated data points – allowing you to leverage our datasets rapidly with minimal processing or cleaning. During the ingestion process, our proprietary Data Filtering Algorithms remove events based on a number of both qualitative factors, as well as latency and other integrity variables to provide more efficient data delivery. The deduplicating algorithm focuses on a combination of four important attributes: Device ID, Latitude, Longitude, and Timestamp. This algorithm scours our data and identifies rows that contain the same combination of these four attributes. Post-identification, it retains a single copy and eliminates duplicate values to ensure our customers only receive complete and unique datasets.

We actively identify overlapping values at the provider level to determine the value each offers. Our data science team has developed a sophisticated overlap analysis model that helps us maintain a high-quality data feed by qualifying providers based on unique data values rather than volumes alone – measures that provide significant benefit to our end-use partners.

Quadrant mobility data contains all standard attributes such as Device ID, Latitude, Longitude, Timestamp, Horizontal Accuracy, and IP Address, and non-standard attributes such as Geohash and H3. In addition, we have historical data available back through 2022.

Through our in-house data science team, we offer sophisticated technical documentation, location data algorithms, and queries that help data buyers get a head start on their analyses. Our goal is to provide you with data that is “fit for purpose”.

This dataset includes all of the data downloaded from GBIF (DOIs provided in README.md as well as below, downloaded Feb 2021) as well as data downloaded from SCAN. This dataset has 2,808,432 records and can be used as a reference to the verbatim data before it underwent the cleaning process. The only modifications made to this datset after direct download from the data portals are the following:

1) for GBIF records, I renamed the countryCode column to be "country" so that the column title is consistent across both GBIF and SCAN 2) A source column was added where I specify if the record came from GBIF or SCAN 3) Duplicate records across SCAN and GBIF were removed by identifying identical instances "catalogNumber" and "institutionCode" 4) Only the Darwin core columns (DwC) that were shared across downloaded datasets were retained. GBIF contained ~249 DwC variables, and SCAN data contained fewer, so this combined dataset only includes the ~80 columns shared between the two datasets

For GBIF, we downloaded the data in three separate chunks, therefore there are three DOIs. See below:

GBIF.org (3 February 2021) GBIF Occurrence Downloadhttps://doi.org/10.15468/dl.6cxfsw GBIF.org (3 February 2021) GBIF Occurrence Downloadhttps://doi.org/10.15468/dl.b9rfa7 GBIF.org (3 February 2021) GBIF Occurrence Downloadhttps://doi.org/10.15468/dl.w2nndm

The Data Preparation Tools market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach a market size of $3 billion in 2025 and exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 17.7% from 2025 to 2033. This significant expansion is driven by several key factors. The increasing volume and velocity of data generated across industries necessitates efficient and effective data preparation processes to ensure data quality and usability for analytics and machine learning initiatives. The rising adoption of cloud-based solutions, coupled with the growing demand for self-service data preparation tools, is further fueling market growth. Businesses across various sectors, including IT and Telecom, Retail and E-commerce, BFSI (Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance), and Manufacturing, are actively seeking solutions to streamline their data pipelines and improve data governance. The diverse range of applications, from simple data cleansing to complex data transformation tasks, underscores the versatility and broad appeal of these tools. Leading vendors like Microsoft, Tableau, and Alteryx are continuously innovating and expanding their product offerings to meet the evolving needs of the market, fostering competition and driving further advancements in data preparation technology. This rapid growth is expected to continue, driven by ongoing digital transformation initiatives and the increasing reliance on data-driven decision-making. The segmentation of the market into self-service and data integration tools, alongside the varied applications across different industries, indicates a multifaceted and dynamic landscape. While challenges such as data security concerns and the need for skilled professionals exist, the overall market outlook remains positive, projecting substantial expansion throughout the forecast period. The adoption of advanced technologies like artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) within data preparation tools promises to further automate and enhance the process, contributing to increased efficiency and reduced costs for businesses. The competitive landscape is dynamic, with established players alongside emerging innovators vying for market share, leading to continuous improvement and innovation within the industry.

This clean dataset is a refined version of our company datasets, consisting of 35M+ data records.

It’s an excellent data solution for companies with limited data engineering capabilities and those who want to reduce their time to value. You get filtered, cleaned, unified, and standardized B2B data. After cleaning, this data is also enriched by leveraging a carefully instructed large language model (LLM).

AI-powered data enrichment offers more accurate information in key data fields, such as company descriptions. It also produces over 20 additional data points that are very valuable to B2B businesses. Enhancing and highlighting the most important information in web data contributes to quicker time to value, making data processing much faster and easier.

For your convenience, you can choose from multiple data formats (Parquet, JSON, JSONL, or CSV) and select suitable delivery frequency (quarterly, monthly, or weekly).

Coresignal is a leading public business data provider in the web data sphere with an extensive focus on firmographic data and public employee profiles. More than 3B data records in different categories enable companies to build data-driven products and generate actionable insights. Coresignal is exceptional in terms of data freshness, with 890M+ records updated monthly for unprecedented accuracy and relevance.