The Heidelberg Cyber Conflict Dataset (HD-CY.CON) has been developed at the Institute for Political Science, Heidelberg University, under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Sebastian Harnisch. HD-CY.CON is a comprehensive dataset on malicious cyber operations, integrating categories of offline conflict research with characteristics of online conflicts. Drawing on a broad variety of news sources, technical threat research reports by IT-companies and information offered by state security agencies, HD-CY.CON (currently) comprises data on 1265 cyber incidents from 2000 – 2019. The data set includes operations by states and various non-state-actors, both as attackers and victims. While existing cyber conflict datasets focus on generic categories, such as "state or state-supported" cyber operations, the Heidelberg data set offers a more nuanced differentiation of political and technical attribution statements, including the attributing initiator and its characteristics. In addition, HD-CY.CON uses conflict categories of the Conflict Barometer by the Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research (HIIK), thus allowing a closer examination of interaction between between offline-, and online conflict dynamics. Cyber incidents are coded according to categories of the HD.CY-CON codebook and differentiated into three main incident types: data theft, disruption and hijacking. Moreover, they are accredited an intensity score, based on technical and socio-political indicators.

The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) is a US-registered non-profit whose mission is to provide the highest quality real-time data on political violence and demonstrations globally. The information collected includes the type of event, its date, the location, the actors involved, a brief narrative summary, and any reported fatalities. ACLED users rely on our robust global dataset to support decision-making around policy and programming, accurately analyze political and country risk, support operational security planning, and improve supply chain management.ACLED’s transparent methodology, expert team composed of 250 individuals speaking more than 70 languages, real-time coding system, and weekly update schedule are unrivaled in the field of data collection on conflict and disorder. Global Coverage: We track political violence, demonstrations, and strategic developments around the world, covering more than 240 countries and territories.Published Weekly: Our data are collected in real time and published weekly. It is the only dataset of its kind to provide such a high update frequency, with peer datasets most often updating monthly or yearly.Historical Data: Our dataset contains at least two full years of data for all countries and territories, with more extensive coverage available for multiple regions.Experienced Researchers: Our data are coded by experienced researchers with local, country, and regional expertise and language skills.Thorough Data Collection and Sourcing: Pulling from traditional media, reports, local partner data, and verified new media, ACLED uses a tailor-made sourcing methodology for individual regions/countries.Extensive Review Process: Our data go through an exhaustive multi-stage quality assurance process to ensure their accuracy and reliability. This process includes both manual and automated error checking and contextual review.Clean, Standardized, and Validated: Our data can be easily connected with internal dashboards through our API or downloaded through the Data Export Tool on our website.Resources Available on ESRI’s Living AtlasACLED data are available through the Living Atlas for the most recent 12 month period. The data are mapped to the centroid of first administrative divisions (“admin1”) within countries (e.g., states, districts, provinces) and aggregated by month. Variables in the data include:The number of events per admin1-month, disaggregated by event type (protests, riots, battles, violence against civilians, explosions/remote violence, and strategic developments)A conservative estimate of reported fatalities per admin1-monthThe total number of distinct violent actors active in the corresponding admin1 for each monthThis Living Atlas item is a Web Map, which provides a pre-configured view of ACLED event data in a few layers:ACLED Event Counts layer: events per admin1-month, styled by predominant event type for each location.ACLED Violent Actors layer: the number of distinct violent actors per admin1-month.ACLED Fatality Estimates layer: the estimated number of fatalities from political violence per admin1-month.These layers are based on the ACLED Conflict and Demonstrations Event Data Feature Layer, which has the same data but only a basic default styling that is similar to the Event Counts layer. The Web Map layers are configured with a time-slider component to account for the multiple months of data per admin1 unit. These indicators are also available in the ACLED Conflict and Demonstrations Data Key Indicators Group Layer, which includes the same preconfigured layers but without the time-slider component or background layers.Resources Available on the ACLED WebsiteThe fully disaggregated dataset is available for download on ACLED's website including:Date (day, month, year)Actors, associated actors, and actor typesLocation information (ADMIN1, ADMIN2, ADMIN3, location and geo coordinates)A conservative fatality estimateDisorder type, event types, and sub-event typesTags further categorizing the data A notes column providing a narrative of the event For more information, please see the ACLED Codebook.To explore ACLED’s full dataset, please register on the ACLED Access Portal, following the instructions available in this Access Guide. Upon registration, you’ll receive access to ACLED data on a limited basis. Commercial users have access to 3 free data downloads company-wide with access to up to one year of historical data. Public sector users have access to 6 downloads of up to three years of historical data organization-wide. To explore options for extended access, please reach out to our Access Team (access@acleddata.com).With an ACLED license, users can also leverage ACLED’s interactive Global Dashboard and check in for weekly data updates and analysis tracking key political violence and protest trends around the world. ACLED also has several analytical tools available such as our Early Warning Dashboard, Conflict Alert System (CAST), and Conflict Index Dashboard.

A conflict-year dataset with information on armed conflict where at least one party is the government of a state in the time period 1946-2021.

Please cite:

• Davies, Shawn, Therese Pettersson & Magnus Öberg (2022). Organized violence 1989-2021 and drone warfare. Journal of Peace Research 59(4).

• Gleditsch, Nils Petter, Peter Wallensteen, Mikael Eriksson, Margareta Sollenberg, and Håvard Strand (2002) Armed Conflict 1946-2001: A New Dataset. Journal of Peace Research 39(5).

https://www.prio.org/data

This dataset is UCDP's most disaggregated dataset, covering individual events of organized violence (phenomena of lethal violence occurring at a given time and place). These events are sufficiently fine-grained to be geo-coded down to the level of individual villages, with temporal durations disaggregated to single, individual days.
Sundberg, Ralph, and Erik Melander, 2013, “Introducing the UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset”, Journal of Peace Research, vol.50, no.4, 523-532
Högbladh Stina, 2019, “UCDP GED Codebook version 19.1”, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University

The paper uses data from the International Peace Research Institute and the Global Precipitation Climatology databases and the Armed Conflict Data database developed by the International Peace Research Institute of Oslo, Norway, and the University of Uppsala, Sweden (referred to as PRIO/Uppsala). In the dataset armed conflict is defined as a contested incompatibility which concerns government and/or territory where the use of armed force between two parties, of which at least one is the government of a state, results in at least 25 battle-related deaths. The database only focused only on politically motivated violence. All country-year observations with a civil conflict in progress with at least 25 battle deaths per year (or 1,000 battle deaths in some specifications) are coded as ones, and other observations are coded as zeros. Note that, the PRIO/Uppsala does not include conflict information at the subnational level or by month within each year; nor does it provide the exact number of conflict deaths. The dataset from the Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) database provides monthly rainfall estimates dating back from 1979. The GPCP data rely on a combination of actual weather station rainfall gauge measures, as well as satellite information on the density of cold cloud cover (which is closely related to actual precipitation), to derive rainfall estimates, at 2.5 latitude and longitude degree intervals.

This dataset is based on the Armed Conflict Dataset and adds codings for ethnic vs. non-ethnic conflicts as well as secessionist vs. non-secessionist conflicts. The war identification numbers correspond to those listed for particular ethnic groups in the EPR data-set.

The Disaggregated Conflict Dataset (DISCON) has been jointly released by Dr. Christoph Trinn, Institute for Political Science, Heidelberg, and the Heidelberg Institute for International Conflict Research (HIIK). DISCON is based on a broad-based, integrative concept of conflict. Drawing on news sources and academic analyses, DISCON currently comprises data on 156 violent and non-violent conflicts between states, between governments and rebel groups, and among non-state actors and in Asia and Oceania from 2000 to 2014. It is to be continually supplemented and updated. Whereas existing conflict datasets mainly restrict themselves to the number of fatalities as a measure of conflict intensity, the Heidelberg approach considers other consequences of political violence, as well. These include the number of displaced persons and the extent of destruction. In addition, the means of violence - weapons or personnel deployment - are recorded. Every violent conflict is broken down into months and first-level subnational regions such as provinces and states, and its intensity is assessed on the basis of the five indicators. In all, DISCON contains over 6300 region-month intensities with about 31,600 individual assessments.

Update (2022-8-30): The dataset is updated to UCDPGED 22.1. The updated dataset includes; - Conflict zones in 2020 and 2021. WZONE is a dataset of conflict zones. The conflict zones are created from the UCDPGED event data (version 22.1) with a machine learning method, so-called a one-class support vector machine, which is detailed here. The dataset is available in the ESRI Shapefile format for each conflict dyad at a daily level. A Youtube video is also available at here. There is a separate zip file for each year (1989-2021). Each zip file contains shape files (365 or 366 files; daily). The shape files have three columns; "dyad_id" (new dyad IDs in the UCDPGED), "conf_id" (new conflict IDs in the UCDPGED) and "date" (date of the conflict zone). The static.zip contains time-invariant estimates of conflict zones and their lower and upper confidence intervals. Finally, ged_summary.csv provides basic information of each conflict dyad, which can be merged to the conflict zone data by using dyad_id variable. For details of the variables in the summary data, refer to the codebook of the UCDPGED.

This feature layer is part of SDGs Today. Please see sdgstoday.org.Armed conflicts arise from many sources, including border disputes, civil war, and religious and tribal clashes. Increasingly, these conflicts are originating due to poor environmental conditions, such as lack of access to water resources and arable land, drought, and famine. The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED), a disaggregated data collection, analysis, and crisis mapping project, maintains a database of all forms of human conflict from over 50 developing countries.ACLED is the most widely used real-time data and analysis source on political violence and protest around the world. It collects the dates, actors, locations, fatalities, and modalities of all reported political violence and protest events across major regions, including Africa, South and Southeast Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus, the Middle East, Latin America, the Caribbean, Southeastern and Eastern Europe, and the Balkans. ACLED uses four types of data sources for its analysis: traditional media, reports from NGOs/governments, local partner data, and social media. Each week, ACLED researchers analyze thousands of sources in multiple languages to provide the most comprehensive database on political violence and demonstrations.

The Natural Resource Conflict Dataset code whether internal armed conflicts are clearly linked to natural resources.

Ideology may directly provide motive and indirectly capacity for collective violence, thus making armed conflicts longer and bloodier. We investigate these propositions by drawing on an innovative global dataset which codes ideological claims by rebel groups and governments in intrastate armed conflicts since 1946. Results demonstrate that although ideology increases conflict duration, these effects vary by type and timing. Whereas secular ideological conflicts tended to be more protracted during the Cold War, religious ideology has become increasingly important since. We, however, find little evidence that ideology increases conflict intensity. Rather, rebel criminality best accounts for intensity. So, while immaterial resources like ideology sustain willingness to fight, ideology’s influence upon conflict intensity is limited, especially after the Cold War. Future studies need to take ideology seriously and need to investigate its characteristics more in-depth and in conjunction with material, identity related and international variables.

Political violence affects two billion citizens across the world. The consequences are stark: since 2005, additional mortality from armed conflict is close to two million (PSR, 2015); development progress is reversed (World Bank, 2011); and there are high economic costs borne by affected states (Brück et al, 2013). Conflict contributes to political decline, high corruption and poverty, poor social cohesion, and low institutional trust. It likewise exacerbates existing global threats, such as border insecurity, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and the spread of extremist ideologies and terrorism. While the consequences of conflict are known, objective, timely, high-quality data are necessary to understand the extent of these effects across high risk and unstable contexts.

ACLED is an event-based data project designed for disaggregated conflict analysis and crisis mapping. Data are updated weekly and can be downloaded using the Data Export Tool or the API.

ACLED collects the dates, actors, locations, fatalities, and types of all reported political violence and protest events across Africa, the Middle East, Latin America & the Caribbean, East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia & the Caucasus, Europe, and the United States.

For further information about ACLED's data, please see the codebook at: https://acleddata.com/acleddatanew/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2019/01/ACLED_Codebook_2019FINAL.docx.pdf

For a full description of ACLED's geographic coverage, please see: https://acleddata.com/acleddatanew/wp-content/uploads/dlm_uploads/2019/01/ACLED_Country-and-Time-Period-Coverage_updFeb2021.pdf

The UCDP, Uppsala Conflict Data Program, contains information on a large number data on organised violence, armed violence, and peacemaking. There is information from 1946 up to today, and the datasets are updated continuously. The data can be downloaded for free.

The UCDP Battle-Related Deaths Dataset is a conflict-year and dyad-year dataset with information on the number of battle-related deaths in the conflicts from 1989-2013 that appear in the UCDP/PRIO Armed Conflict Dataset.

Purpose:

The Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) collects information on a large number of aspects of armed violence since 1946.

Cite as: UCDP Battle-Related Deaths Dataset v.5-2013, Uppsala Conflict Data Program, www.ucdp.uu.se, Uppsala University

This dataset is UCDP's most disaggregated dataset, covering individual events of organized violence (phenomena of lethal violence occurring at a given time and place). These events are sufficiently fine-grained to be geo-coded down to the level of individual villages, with temporal durations disaggregated to single, individual days.
Sundberg, Ralph, and Erik Melander, 2013, “Introducing the UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset”, Journal of Peace Research, vol.50, no.4, 523-532
Högbladh Stina, 2019, “UCDP GED Codebook version 19.1”, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University

Realtime data for 2015 is collected and published on a weekly basis. Due to the realtime nature of data collection which results in occasional reporting lags, and/or insufficient detail in early event reports for inclusion in the dataset, a small number of events in the 2015 data pre-date this period. These have been coded and published for the first time in 2015 and do not duplicate any events found in the full published dataset. Data files are updated each Monday, containing data from the previous week. The data files below include a single running file for all 2015 data, and monthly data files. Please note: ACLED periodically carries out quality checks and reviews on historical data (from 1997-2014) as part of our revision process, adding newly coded events from historical periods as required. These data are included in our running realtime file (below), and will be included in a fully revised and updated version of the annual dataset in January. Please check back for updates, or sign up to our mailing list to receive email alerts, data files and publications from ACLED directly.

The dataset contains the number of settlements negotiated to completion by the Commission's Office of Mediation and Conflict Resolution each month.

This dataset is UCDP's most disaggregated dataset, covering individual events of organized violence (phenomena of lethal violence occurring at a given time and place). These events are sufficiently fine-grained to be geo-coded down to the level of individual villages, with temporal durations disaggregated to single, individual days.
Sundberg, Ralph, and Erik Melander, 2013, “Introducing the UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset”, Journal of Peace Research, vol.50, no.4, 523-532
Högbladh Stina, 2019, “UCDP GED Codebook version 19.1”, Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University

The UCDP, Uppsala Conflict Data Program, contains information on a large number data on organised violence, armed violence, and peacemaking. There is information from 1946 up to today, and the datasets are updated continuously. The data can be downloaded for free. The UCDP Non-Sate Conflict Dataset is a conflict-year dataset with information of communal and organized armed conflict where none of the parties is the government of a state. The dataset has a temporal scope covering 1989-2013, and includes information on start and end dates, fatality estimates, and locations. The UCDP Non-State conflict project has been developed with support from the Human Security Report Project, Simon Fraser University, in Vancouver,Canada. Purpose: The Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) collects information on a large number of aspects of armed violence since 1946. UCDP, Uppsala Conflict Data Program vid Uppsala universitet, innehåller stora mängder data över organiserat våld, väpnade konflikter och fredsarbete. Idag täcker UCDP´s data över hela världen, från 1946 och framåt, och finns presenterade i 13 olika dataset som kontinuerligt uppdateras. Datan finns tillgänglig för gratis nedladdning och användning via UCDP´s hemsida. UCDP Non-State Conflict Dataset, baserat på konflikt-år, innehåller information om väpnade konflikter där ingen av parterna är regering i något land. Datasetet täcker tidsperioden 1989-2013 och innehåller bland annat information om start- och slutdatum för konflikten, uppskattning av antal dödade och konfliktens geografiska lokalisering. Syfte: Syftet för UCDP är att samla olika typer av information om väpnade konflikter från hela världen, från 1946 fram till idag.

This article presents new data on the start and end dates and the means of termination for armed conflicts, 1946-2005.

ACLED data can be disaggregated not only by location and year, but also by the type of violence involved in each event (for example, civil unrest in the form of rioting or protesting, or non-combatant targeting under violence against civilians), the groups involved (for example, events involving the LRA or state forces), and the types of conflict (for example, civil wars defined as conflicts involving rebel and state forces).

Users can disaggregate data directly by selecting relevant categories of actors, conflict types or interaction terms in the larger dataset, or use some of the data files below by actor and event type. The data below are drawn from ACLED Version 5.