Raw DNA chromatogram data produced by the ABI 373, 377, 3130 and 3730 automated sequencing machines in ABI format. These are from fish (primarily Sebastes spp., Seriola lalandi, and several shark species) and invertebrates (primarily Haliotis spp.). These data are in either of 2 formats, ".fsa" files containing chromatograms used for genotyping, and ".ab1" files containing chromatograms of DN...

This dataset consists of single source and mixture samples which were genotyped/sequenced with kits targeting Forensic DNA markers. More information specific to the kit and or method used can be found in the README text files included in each zipped file. The CE-STR kits reported for the single source samples include: Applied Biosystems GlobalFiler, Applied Biosystems Y-Filer Plus, Promega PowerPlex Fusion 6C, Promega PowerPlex Y23 The CE profiles for single source samples are also included in a spreadsheet. The following CE-STR kit is reported for the mixture samples: Promega PowerPlex Fusion 6C The sequencing kits reported for the mixture and single source samples include: Verogen ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit, Promega PowerSeq 46GY, Thermo Fisher Applied Biosystems Precision ID GlobalFiler NGS STR Panel v2 The single source samples only are reported for: Promega PowerSeq CRM Nested System This data was produced with approval from the NIST Research Protections Office. It is intended for research, training, and educational purposes only and could potentially contain errors due to limited review prior to uploading. This data should not be used to identify the donor of the profile or uploaded/searched versus public or law enforcement DNA databases. Certain commercial equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this dataset in order to specify the experimental procedure adequately. Such identification is not intended to imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST, nor is it intended to imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose.

Global DNA Data Storage Market is projected to grow at a healthy CAGR over the forecast period 2020-2026. Growing usage of technologies, huge growth in the volume of the data and flexibility offered by DNA Data Storage on modification of data storage use are key factors driving the market growth.

Competitive Landscape:

Key players operating in the global DNA Data Storage market include Illumina, Inc, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Siemens AG, Beckman Coulter Inc., Microsoft Corporation, Agilent Technologies, Kilobaser, GATC Biotech, Eurofins and CATALOG These players engage in product launches, mergers & acquisitions, agreements, and partnerships to strengthen their geographical presence and garner larger market share.
The global DNA data storage market is primarily segmented based on component, deployment, technology, application, end user and regions.

On the basis of component:

• Hardware
• Software
• Services

On the basis of deployment:

• Cloud (Public, Private, Hybrid)
• On-Premise

On the basis of technology:

• Nanopore Sequencing
• Sequencing by Synthesis
• Ion Semiconductor Sequencing
• Chain Termination Sequencing
• Sequencing by Ligation

On the basis of application:

• Diagnostics
• Biomarkers and Cancer
• Personalized Medicine
• Reproductive Health
• Other Applications

On the basis of end user:

• Hospitals
• Clinics
• Government Research Institutes
• Pharmaceutical Companies
• Biotechnology Companies

Moreover, the market is classified based on region and countries as follows:

• North America- U.S., Canada
• Europe- U.K., France, Germany, Italy and Rest of Europe
• Asia-Pacific- China, Japan, India and Rest of Asia Pacific
• South America- Brazil, Mexico and Rest of South America
• Middle East & Africa- South Africa, Saudi Arabia and Rest of Middle East & Africa

These enterprises are focusing on growth strategies, such as new product launches, expansions, acquisitions, and agreements & partnerships to expand their operations across the globe.

Key Benefits of the Report:

• Global, regional, country, component, deployment, technology, application, end user and market size and their forecast from 2016-2026
• Identification and detailed analysis on key market dynamics, such as, drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges influencing growth of the market
• Detailed analysis on industry outlook with market specific PESTLE, and supply chain to better understand the market and build expansion strategies
• Identification of key market players and comprehensively analyze their market share and core competencies, detailed financial positions, key products, and unique selling points
• Analysis on key players’ strategic initiatives and competitive developments, such as joint ventures, mergers, and new product launches in the market
• Expert interviews and their insights on market shift, current and future outlook, and factors impacting vendors’ short term and long term strategies
• Detailed insights on emerging regions component, deployment, technology, application, end user and options with qualitative and quantitative information and facts

Research Methodology:

The market is derived through extensive use of secondary, primary, in-house research followed by expert validation and third party perspective, such as, analyst reports of investment banks. The secondary research

Field estimates of the abundance of two trout species (bull trout and westslope cutthroat trout) in Montana and rainbow trout in Washington and British Columbia were collected in concert with environmental DNA samples (eDNA) to evaluate if eDNA copy numbers correlated with abundance of trout. In addition, stream habitat data including channel units (pools, riffles), substrate, large woody debris, among others, were collected at sites.

The dna digital data storage market size was over USD 130.09 million in 2024 and is anticipated to cross USD 199.29 billion by 2037, growing at more than 75.8% CAGR during the forecast period i.e., between 2025-2037. North America industry is expected to account for largest revenue share of 52% by 2037, driven by increasing awareness about DNA data storage systems.

The global demand for DNA Data Storage Market is presumed to reach the market size of nearly USD 3543.65 MN by 2030 from USD 21.57 MN in 2022 with a CAGR of 89.21% under the study period 2023 - 2030.

DNA data storage is a method that involves encoding digital data into the nucleotide sequences of DNA molecules. DNA carries genetic instructions in living organisms and possesses remarkable storage

The DNA Data Storage Market size is expected to reach a valuation of USD 7680.07 Million in 2033 growing at a CAGR of 67.5%. The research report classifies market by share, trend, demand and based on segmentation by Type, Technology, End Use and Regional Outlook.

The raw data consisted of demultiplexed fastq files pairs (R1.fastq and R2.fastq) per sample accessible on the NCBI Sequences Read Archive (SRA) under the BioProject accession numbers PRJNA1187555 for experiments E1 and E3 and PRJNA1187576 for E2 and E4. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Valentin, V., S. Rivera, E. Acs, S. Almeida, K. Andree, L. Apothéloz-Perret-Gentil, B. Bailet, A. Baričević, K. Beentjes, J. Bettig, A. Bouchez, C. Camilla, C. Chardon, M. Duleba, T. Elersek, C. Genthon, M. Jablonska, L. Jacas, M. Kahlert, M. Kelly, J. Macher, F. Mauri, M. Moletta-Denat, A. Mortágua, J. Pawlowski, J. Pérez-Burillo, M. Pfannkuchen, E. Pilgrim, P. Panayiota, F. Rimet, K. Stanic, K. Tapolczai, S. Theroux, R. Trobajo, B. Van der Hoorn, M. Vasquez, M. Vidal, D. Wanless, J. Warren, J. Zimmermann, and B. Paix. Proficiency testing and cross-laboratory method comparison to support standardisation of diatom DNA metabarcoding for freshwater biomonitoring. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, BULGARIA, e133264, (2025).

The global DNA Data Storage System market is projected to reach a value of $XX million by 2033, growing at a CAGR of XX% from 2025 to 2033. The market is driven by the increasing demand for data storage, the growing adoption of cloud computing, and the need for more efficient and secure data storage methods. The government, healthcare, and research institute segments are expected to be the largest contributors to the market growth. The government segment is expected to grow due to the increasing adoption of DNA data storage technology for sensitive data storage. The healthcare segment is expected to grow due to the increasing use of DNA data storage for genetic research and personalized medicine. The research institute segment is expected to grow due to the increasing use of DNA data storage for large-scale genomic research projects. North America is expected to be the largest regional market, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. The presence of major market players, such as Illumina, Microsoft, and Iridia, in North America is expected to drive the market growth in the region. The Asia Pacific region is expected to witness significant growth due to the increasing investment in DNA data storage technology by governments and research institutes in the region.

The DNA data storage market is worth USD 34.8 million in 2024 and is likely to grow to USD 532 million by 2035, growing at a CAGR of 28% during the forecast period, till 2035

WT (Cy3) vs. trxB (Cy5)_exp. growth phase.........

Human DNA methylation data stored in NCBI (GEO) Dataset GSM281962; liver tissue sample 7041_CV_RRBS https://seek.lisym.org/samples/135

The Chicago Park District tests water samples at beaches along Chicago's Lake Michigan lakefront, which it tests for E. coli in order to monitor swimming safety. Multiple samples may be taken from a beach and samples may be tested by culture, DNA testing, or both.

What do these numbers mean?

The modeling prediction numbers forecast real-time Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria levels present in the water. The Chicago Park District (CPD) in partnership with the US Geological Survey, has developed statistical prediction models by using weather data pulled from CPD buoys (https://data.cityofchicago.org/d/qmqz-2xku) and weather stations (https://data.cityofchicago.org/d/k7hf-8y75). E. coli is an indicator species for the presence of disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and protozoans that may pose health risks to the public.

The culture based testing numbers indicate E. coli levels present in the water. This method requires 18-24 hours of processing to receive results. US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recommends notifying the public when E. coli bacteria levels are above the federal water quality Beach Action Value (BAV), which is 235*CFU. When bacteria levels exceed 235 CFU, a yellow or red flag will be implemented. This standard is used at beaches throughout the Great Lakes region. For more information please refer to the USEPA Recreational Water Quality Criteria.

The rapid testing method (qPCR analysis) is a new method that measures levels of pathogenic DNA in beach water. Unlike the culture based test that requires up to 24 hours of processing, the new rapid testing method requires a few hours for results. The Chicago Park District can use results of the rapid test to notify the public when levels exceed UPEPA recommended levels. US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) recommends notifying the public when DNA bacteria levels are above the federal water quality Beach Action Value (BAV), which is 1000*CCE. When DNA bacteria levels exceed 1000 CCE, a yellow or red flag will be implemented. For more information please refer to the USEPA Recreational Water Quality Criteria (http://water.epa.gov/scitech/swguidance/standards/criteria/health/recreation).

• The unit of measurement for Escherichia coli is Colony Forming Units (CFU) per 100 milliliters of water. *The unit of measuring DNA is Enterococci Calibrator Cell Equivalents (CCE) per 100 milliliters of water.

DNA Digital Data Storage Market Outlook

The DNA digital data storage market size is anticipated to grow significantly from USD 57 million in 2023 to USD 4.2 billion by 2032, registering a remarkable CAGR of 60.01% during the forecast period. This extraordinary growth can be attributed to several factors, including technological advancements, increased data generation, and the demand for long-term, high-density data storage solutions. The high CAGR underscores the transformative potential of DNA-based data storage in revolutionizing the way data is archived and retrieved.

One of the key growth factors for the DNA digital data storage market is the exponential increase in global data generation. With the advent of big data, IoT, AI, and other data-intensive technologies, traditional data storage solutions are becoming inadequate. DNA data storage offers a revolutionary solution by providing a medium that can store an enormous amount of data in a very compact form. DNA molecules can store data at densities much higher than conventional electronic devices, making it an attractive option for future data storage needs.

Another significant growth factor is the longevity and stability of DNA as a storage medium. Unlike traditional digital storage methods that can degrade over time, DNA can last thousands of years if properly preserved. This makes it an ideal choice for archival purposes where long-term data integrity is crucial. The unique stability of DNA helps organizations avoid the frequent migrations required by conventional digital storage technologies, thereby reducing costs and operational complexities.

The increasing investments in research and development are also propelling the market forward. Governments, private enterprises, and academic institutions are heavily investing in the development of DNA data storage technologies. Collaborative efforts between bioinformatics, biotechnology, and computer science are resulting in innovative breakthroughs, making DNA data storage more feasible and cost-effective. These investments are crucial for overcoming current technical challenges and accelerating the commercialization of DNA data storage solutions.

On the regional front, North America is expected to dominate the DNA digital data storage market due to its technological advancements and substantial R&D investments. The presence of major tech companies and research institutes further bolsters this region's market position. Meanwhile, Asia Pacific is projected to witness the fastest growth, driven by increasing data generation and technological adoption in countries like China, India, and Japan. Europe also holds a significant share, primarily due to the strong focus on data security and regulatory compliance.

Component Analysis

Hardware Analysis

The hardware segment of the DNA digital data storage market is crucial as it encompasses the physical components necessary for encoding and decoding DNA sequences. This includes synthesizers, sequencers, and storage devices. The advancement in synthesis and sequencing technologies is a significant driver for this segment. For instance, the development of high-throughput DNA synthesizers and next-generation sequencing technologies has dramatically reduced costs, making DNA data storage more accessible. The ongoing innovation in hardware is expected to continue driving market growth, enabling faster and more efficient data storage and retrieval.

Moreover, companies and research institutions are focusing on miniaturizing hardware components and integrating them into existing data storage infrastructures. This trend is likely to result in hybrid systems that combine traditional and DNA-based storage technologies, offering flexibility and enhanced performance. The compatibility of DNA storage hardware with current data centers is critical for widespread adoption, and ongoing advancements in this area are promising.

The hardware segment also faces challenges, such as the need for robust error correction mechanisms and the high initial investment costs. However, these challenges are being addressed through intensive R&D efforts, leading to the development of more reliable and cost-effective hardware solutions. For example, innovations in error-correcting codes and molecular tagging are improving the accuracy and reliability of DNA data storage systems.

Additionally, partnerships between hardware manufacturers and biotechnology firms are fostering the development of integrated solutions. These

Fluorescence microscopy data of single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) characterization of 1 micrometer polystyrene particles using DNA-paint.Neutravidin-coated 1 μm polystyrene particles (ThermoFisher Scientific F8777) are immobilized on a clean gridded glass coverslip (Ibidi 10816). To this end, the coverslip is first cleaned using 15-minute sonication steps in Triton-X100 and KOH interleaved with sonication in Milli-Q water for rinsing. The coverslip is then dried with nitrogen. A silicone gasket (Grace Bio-Labs SKU 103250) cut to the size of the coverslip is deposited to create a chamber and the assembly is cleaned with oxygen plasma. The cleaned coverslip is incubated with 100 μL of biotinylated BSA (Sigma Aldrich A8549) at 0.1 mg/mL for 30 minutes then rinsed with 1xPBS. Subsequently, the coverslip was incubated for 1 h with 100 μL of 100:1 diluted stock concentration of the particles, then rinsed three times with 200 μL 1xPBS. Thereafter, the sample was incubated with 100 μL of 20 μM biotinylated DNA docking strands for 1 h, washed twice in 1xPBS, and once with the imaging buffer. The docking strand sequence is 5'-biotin-TTATACATCTA-3' (IDT). The imager strand sequence is 3'-atto655-TATGTAGAT-5' (IDT). The imager solution is prepared by diluting the imager strand DNA to 50 pM in imaging buffer consisting of Buffer B with 10 mM MgC2. Both concentrations are adjusted to obtain single events on beads and minimize the background in epifluorescence imaging.

Type specimens have high scientific importance because they provide the only certain connection between the application of a Linnean name and a physical specimen. Many other individuals may have been identified as a particular species, but their linkage to the taxon concept is inferential. Because type specimens are often more than a century old and have experienced conditions unfavourable for DNA preservation, success in sequence recovery has been uncertain. This study addresses this challenge by employing next-generation sequencing (NGS) to recover sequences for the barcode region of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene from small amounts of template DNA. DNA quality was first screened in more than 1800 century-old type specimens of Lepidoptera by attempting to recover 164-bp and 94-bp reads via Sanger sequencing. This analysis permitted the assignment of each specimen to one of three DNA quality categories – high (164-bp sequence), medium (94-bp sequence) or low (no sequence). Ten specimens from each category were subsequently analysed via a PCR-based NGS protocol requiring very little template DNA. It recovered sequence information from all specimens with average read lengths ranging from 458 bp to 610 bp for the three DNA categories. By sequencing ten specimens in each NGS run, costs were similar to Sanger analysis. Future increases in the number of specimens processed in each run promise substantial reductions in cost, making it possible to anticipate a future where barcode sequences are available from most type specimens.

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global DNA Data Storage Market size will be USD XX million in 2024 and will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX% from 2024 to 2031. • The global DNA Data Storage Market will expand significantly by XX% CAGR between 2024 to 2031. • North America held the major market of more than XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX% from 2024 to 2031. • Asia Pacific held a market of around XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2024 and will grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX% from 2024 to 2031. • The enhanced Security and Data Privacy and Advancements in DNA synthesis and sequencing technologies are a growth driver of the market. • High Costs is a restraint on the market. • By product type, the Commercial segment is expected to dominate the market. • By Deployment, the Cloud segment is expected to dominate the market. • By Application, The Research & Prototyping segment dominated the market

Market Dynamics of the DNA Data Storage Market

Key Drivers

Enhanced Security and Data Privacy has increased the demand for the market 

Improved security and data privacy capabilities constitute a significant potential for the DNA data storage business. The inherent stability and the depth of genetic information make DNA an appealing alternative for protecting sensitive data, corresponding with increasing concerns about cybersecurity and data privacy. Unlike standard storage systems, DNA data storage offers a unique level of resistance since the information is embedded inside the DNA molecules, resulting in a natural encryption layer. This feature improves the security posture against potential data breaches and unauthorized access. As enterprises face tougher restrictions and more cyber dangers, the DNA data storage industry might gain from promoting itself as a secure and dependable solution. This possibility does not just appeal to organizations with severe data protection obligations, such as healthcare and finance but also positions DNA data storage as a key player in addressing the broader challenges associated with data security in the digital era.

Advancements in DNA synthesis and sequencing technologies have increased the growth of the market 

Advancements in DNA synthesis and sequencing technologies are a primary driving force behind the growth of the DNA data storage market. Continuous advancements in these critical areas have significantly increased the feasibility and efficiency of encoding digital information into DNA molecules. Improved DNA synthesis methods allow for the precise generation of synthetic DNA strands, while advances in sequencing technology permit the reliable recovery of stored data. These developments help to reduce costs, enhance data storage density, and improve read and write speeds, solving significant issues that have previously hampered the mainstream implementation of DNA data storage. As these technologies advance, the scalability and economic feasibility of DNA data storage systems improve, resulting in increased interest and investment from both the biotechnology and information technology industries. The convergence of DNA synthesis, sequencing, and data storage technologies places DNA as a viable medium for high-capacity, long-term storage solutions in an ever-expanding digital world. For instance, in 2021, Twist Bioscience acquired iGenomX, a firm specializing in DNA sequencing and library preparation technology. The goal of this purchase was to broaden Twist Bioscience's product range in the DNA synthesis and sequencing area. Improved encoding and decoding methods can boost the efficiency of data representation in DNA sequences. This means that more data may be stored in a given amount of DNA, enhancing the high data density advantage. Better error correction techniques for DNA synthesis and sequencing can improve the reliability and accuracy of data storage. This is critical for ensuring that data is preserved and retrievable over long durations. Advancements in DNA synthesis techniques can help with the scalability of DNA data storage. This scalabi...

ATAC-seq data from Barkbase; MeDIP-seq data DNA methylation from Sundman et al. 2020.

Database of over 40,000 DNA samples representing all major plant groups

The DNA digital data storage market is experiencing rapid growth, driven by the increasing demand for secure, long-term, and high-capacity data storage solutions. The market's inherent advantages, such as its exceptional data density and longevity compared to traditional methods, are fueling this expansion. While precise figures are not provided, let's assume a 2025 market size of $250 million, based on the expected high growth trajectory of emerging technologies within the data storage sector. With a projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 25% during the forecast period (2025-2033), the market is poised for significant expansion. This growth is being propelled by several factors: the rising volume of digital data globally, concerns around data security and privacy breaches, the need for archival solutions capable of storing data for decades or even centuries, and the ongoing research and development efforts to improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of DNA data storage. Key segments driving this market include cloud-based solutions and applications in the areas of archival and research & prototyping. Leading companies like Twist Bioscience, Illumina, and Western Digital are at the forefront of this innovation, actively contributing to the advancement and commercialization of DNA-based data storage technologies. The restraints on market growth primarily involve the high initial costs associated with DNA synthesis and sequencing, and the relatively nascent nature of the technology itself. Further development and refinement of the associated processes are essential to reduce costs and increase accessibility for wider adoption. Nevertheless, ongoing technological advancements, particularly in lowering the cost of DNA synthesis and improving sequencing techniques, are expected to mitigate these limitations. The substantial potential benefits in terms of storage capacity and longevity outweigh the current cost barriers, making DNA digital data storage a promising solution for long-term data management needs across various industries, including healthcare, government, and research institutions. The geographic distribution of the market is expected to be widespread, with North America and Europe likely holding a significant market share initially, followed by a gradual expansion into the Asia-Pacific region and other developing economies.