The purpose of the study was to investigate the role and impact of forensic science evidence on the criminal justice process. The study utilized a prospective analysis of official record data that followed criminal cases in five jurisdictions (Los Angeles County, California; Indianapolis, Indiana; Evansville, Indiana; Fort Wayne, Indiana; and South Bend, Indiana) from the time of police incident report to final criminal disposition. The data were based on a random sample of the population of reported crime incidents between 2003 and 2006, stratified by crime type and jurisdiction. A total of 4,205 cases were sampled including 859 aggravated assaults, 1,263 burglaries, 400 homicides, 602 rapes, and 1,081 robberies. Descriptive and impact data were collected from three sources: police incident and investigation reports, crime lab reports, and prosecutor case files. The data contain a total of 175 variables including site, crime type, forensic variables, criminal offense variables, and crime dispositions variables.

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed. This project explored the use and impact of injury evidence and biological evidence through a study of the role of these forms of evidence in prosecuting sexual assault in an urban district attorney's office in a metropolitan area in the eastern United States. The research questions addressed in this summary overview were as follows: How frequent were different forms of injury evidence and biological evidence in the sample? Is the presence of injury evidence and biological evidence correlated with the presence of other forms of evidence?Which types of cases and case circumstances are more likely to yield injury evidence and biological evidence? Do the presence of injury evidence and biological evidence predict criminal justice outcomes, taking into account the effects of other predictors? In what ways do prosecutors use injury evidence and biological evidence and what is their appraisal of their impact on case outcomes? The collection contains 1 SPSS data file, DataArchiveFile_InjuryEvidenceForensicEvidenceandthe ProsecutionofSexualAssault4-7-17.sav (n=257; 417 variables).The qualitative data files were excluded from deposit with ICPSR and are not available as part of this data collection at this time.

Examining the most heavily cited publications in labor economics from the early 1990s, I show that few of over 3,000 articles, citing them directly, replicates them. They are replicated more frequently using data from other time periods and economies, so that the validity of their central ideas has typically been verified. This pattern of scholarship suggests, beyond the currently required depositing of data and code upon publication, that there is little need for formal mechanisms for replication. The market for scholarship already produces replications of non-laboratory applied research.

This data collection focuses on adult cases of serious crime such as homicide (and related death investigations), rape, robbery, aggravated assault/battery, burglary, and arson. Data are included for Peoria, Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, Kansas City, Missouri, and Oakland, California. The data consist of police, court, and laboratory records from reports submitted by police personnel during investigations of suspected criminal offenses. The primary source of information was police case files. Prosecutor and court files were reviewed for information regarding the disposition of suspects who were arrested and formally charged. Crime laboratory reports include information concerning the evidence submitted and the examiner's worksheets, notes, and final results. There are eight files in this dataset. Each of the four cities has one file for cases with physical evidence and one file for cases in which physical evidence was not collected or examined.

This report is written evidence compiled by the National Data Guardian (NDG) and submitted to the UK Parliament’s Science and Technology Committee in February 2022 for consideration as part of its inquiry: The right to privacy: digital data. This evidence was also published by the committee on its website.

This response does not address all areas set out for exploration in the inquiry, only those that fall under the NDG’s remit. This inquiry asked about sharing data across a wide range of different organisations such as ‘government departments, other public bodies, research institutions and commercial organisations’. Other questions asked about sharing within discrete contexts such as ‘health and care contexts’. Given the NDG’s remit, this response only addresses the sharing of health and adult social care information.

This portal is your gateway to documented digital forensic image datasets. These datasets can assist in a variety of tasks including tool testing, developing familiarity with tool behavior for given tasks, general practitioner training and other unforeseen uses that the user of the datasets can devise. Most datasets have a description of the type and locations of significant artifacts present in the dataset. There are descriptions and finding aides to help you locate datasets by the year produced, by author, or by attributes of the dataset.

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they there received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except of the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompany readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collections and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed.This collection includes data gathered through three separate study designs. The first study called for tracking cases and forensic evidence through local criminal justice processes for five offenses: homicide, sexual assault, aggravated assault, robbery and burglary. Two sites, Denver, Colorado, and San Diego, California, participated in the study. Demographic data were collected on victims (Victim Data n = 7,583) and defendants (Defendant Data n = 2,318). Data on forensic evidence collected at crime scenes included DNA material (DNA Evidence Data n = 1,894), firearms evidence (Ballistics Evidence Data n = 488), latent prints (Latent Print Evidence Data n = 766), trace evidence (Other Impressions Evidence Data n = 49), and drug evidence (Drug Evidence Data n = 43). Comparisons were then made between open and closed cases from the participating sites. Two smaller studies were conducted as part of this grant. The second study was an analysis of an experiment in the Miami-Date, Florida Police Department (Miami-Data County Data n = 1,421) to determine whether clearance rates for no-suspect property crimes could be improved through faster processing of DNA evidence. The third study was a survey of 75 police departments across the nation (Crime Labs Survey Data) to obtain information on the organizational placement, staffing and responsibilities of crime lab units.

Genomic Data Set for Real World Evidence (RWE) Applications market is size was valued at USD 1,704.60 Million by 2032 and CAGR 15.2% Market by Indications by Distribution Channels.

This study seeks to investigate the science-to-policy gap between policymakers and lab-based health researchers. It specifically explores the question, “What action do researchers and policymakers need to take to address the research-to-policy gap?”. Using data obtained through policy engagement and evidence uptake workshops, this paper draws lessons primarily from a project focused on enhancing research uptake and policy engagement support to early career researchers.

Deep learning has previously shown success in automatically generating morphological traits which carry a phylogenetic signal. In this paper, we explore combining molecular data with deep learning derived morphological traits from images of pinned insects to generate total-evidence phylogenies and we reveal challenges. Deep learning derived morphological traits, while informative, underperform when used in isolation compared to molecular analyses. However, they can improve molecular results in total evidence settings. We use a dataset of rove beetle images to compare the effect of different dataset splits and deep metric loss functions on morphological and total evidence results. We find a slight preference for the cladistic dataset split and contrastive loss function. Additionally, we explore the effect of varying the number of genes used in inference and find that different gene combinations provide the best results when used on their own vs in total evidence analysis. Despite the promising nature of integrating deep learning techniques with molecular data, challenges remain regarding the strength of the phylogenetic signal and the resource demands of data acquisition. We suggest that future work focus on improved trait extraction and the development of disentangled networks to better interpret the derived traits, thus expanding the applicability of these methods in phylogenetic studies. Methods Images of specimens associated with this dataset can be found in the Rove-Tree-11 dataset (https://doi.org/10.17894/ucph.39619bba-4569-4415-9f25-d6a0ff64f0e3). Molecular data was gathered from Genbank and aligned using MAFFT 7. Original Genbank accession numbers are provided. Alignments were concatenated with FASconCAT-G. Partition scheme and model selection were obtained using PartitionFinder 2.1.1. Trees were obtained via Maximum Parsimony using TNT. Example TNT scripts are provided.

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Digital Evidence Management Market Size 2024-2028

The digital evidence management market size is forecast to increase by USD 2.31 billion at a CAGR of 7.5% between 2023 and 2028.

The market is experiencing significant growth due to several key trends. One of the primary drivers is the increasing demand for consolidated crime databases to enhance investigative efficiency. Additionally, the advent of mobile-based solutions is gaining traction, allowing law enforcement agencies to collect, store, and analyze evidence on-the-go. However, the high implementation and maintenance costs associated with these systems pose a challenge to smaller organizations and agencies. 
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), deep learning, and blockchain technologies enhances evidence collection, analysis, and integrity. In the US and North America, these trends are shaping the landscape, with a focus on advanced technologies and integration with other law enforcement systems to streamline processes and improve overall effectiveness.

What will be the Size of the Digital Evidence Management Market During the Forecast Period?

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The market encompasses solutions and services that assist law enforcement agencies and legal officers in collecting, storing, managing, and presenting during criminal investigations and legal proceedings. With the proliferation of digital technologies, such as smartphones and internet connectivity, the volume continues to grow exponentially. This has led to challenges in managing backlogs, preventing misplacement, misuse, redundancy, data tampering, and ensuring the integrity and authenticity.
Digital evidence management solutions address these challenges by streamlining data acquisition, data analysis, and data reporting. They provide procedural and legal guidelines to ensure the proper handling throughout the evidence lifecycle. These solutions enable forensic analysts to efficiently collect, store, and manage it, reducing the risk of misplacement or misuse. Additionally, they enable the secure presentation in legal proceedings, ensuring compliance with legal guidelines and maintaining the evidentiary chain of custody.

How is this Industry segmented and which is the largest segment?

The industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD billion' for the period 2024-2028, as well as historical data from 2018-2022 for the following segments.

Component

  Software
  Services
  Hardware


Geography

  North America

    Canada
    US


  APAC

    China
    Japan


  Europe

    UK


  South America



  Middle East and Africa

By Component Insights

The software segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

Digital evidence management software plays a crucial role in criminal investigations by facilitating the collection, storage, and analysis. This software enables law enforcement agencies to acquire, manage, and report, addressing issues of backlogs, misplacement, misuse, redundancy, data tampering, and manipulation. The software integrates with various digital investigation tools, including forensic analysis software, legal guidelines, and procedural guidelines, ensuring evidence integrity and authenticity.

AI, ML, and blockchain technologies are increasingly being adopted to enhance evidence analytics, visualization, and tracking. The software market is expected to grow due to the increasing use of digital technologies in law enforcement, the rise of cybersecurity threats, and the need for workflow streamlining and expert skills. The software supports various collection methods, including digital devices, cloud-based solutions, and IoT, and offers features such as evidence reporting, evidence tracking, and system integration.

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The software segment was valued at USD 2.26 billion in 2018 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

APAC is estimated to contribute 36% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.

Technavio's analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the forecast period.

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Digital evidence management plays a crucial role in criminal investigations, particularly in North America where the market holds a significant presence. Agencies such as the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) have adopted management software for tasks including evidence description, storage, analysis, and reporting. The US and Canada lead in management penetration due to substantial investments in IT network infrastruc

Despite the rise in cross-sectional inequality since the late 1990s, there is little consensus on trends in earnings volatility during this period. Using consistent samples and methods in administrative earnings data matched to the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP GSF) and survey data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID), we examine earnings volatility for men from 1978 through 2011. In contrast to the apparent inconsistency in trends across administrative and survey data in the existing literature, we find recent increases in volatility in the SIPP GSF and the PSID, though increases are larger in the PSID.

These data are part of NACJD's Fast Track Release and are distributed as they were received from the data depositor. The files have been zipped by NACJD for release, but not checked or processed except for the removal of direct identifiers. Users should refer to the accompanying readme file for a brief description of the files available with this collection and consult the investigator(s) if further information is needed. The objective of this study was to determine how homicide investigators use evidence during the course of their investigations. Data on 294 homicide cases (315 victims) that occurred in Cleveland between 2008 and 2011 was collected from investigative reports, forensic analysis reports, prosecutors and homicide investigators, provided by the Cleveland Ohio Police Department, Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner's Office, and Cuyahoga County Clerk of Courts. The study collection includes 1 Stata data file (NIJ_Cleveland_Homicides.dta, n=294, 109 variables).

The Real-World Evidence (RWE) Solutions market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach $828.46 million in 2025 and expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13% from 2025 to 2033. This significant expansion is driven by several key factors. The increasing adoption of RWE in regulatory decision-making, fueled by the need for more efficient and cost-effective drug development, is a primary driver. Furthermore, the rising availability of large, diverse datasets from electronic health records (EHRs), claims databases, and wearable devices provides rich sources of real-world data for analysis. Pharmaceutical companies and healthcare providers are actively investing in RWE solutions to improve clinical trial design, enhance post-market surveillance, and optimize treatment strategies, further bolstering market growth. The market is segmented by type (e.g., software, services) and application (e.g., drug development, post-market surveillance), each exhibiting unique growth trajectories influenced by specific technological advancements and regulatory landscapes. Competitive strategies among leading companies, such as Clinigen Group Plc, ICON Plc, and IQVIA Inc., focus on strategic partnerships, technological innovation, and expansion into new geographical markets. These companies are engaged in developing advanced analytical tools and data integration platforms to cater to growing demands for comprehensive RWE solutions. The North American market currently holds a substantial share, driven by robust regulatory frameworks and advanced healthcare infrastructure. However, other regions, particularly Asia Pacific, are expected to witness significant growth in the coming years due to increasing healthcare expenditure and technological advancements. The restraints on market growth are primarily related to data privacy concerns, regulatory hurdles in accessing and utilizing real-world data, and the need for robust data standardization across different sources. However, proactive measures like developing better data security protocols, clarifying regulatory guidelines, and investing in data harmonization initiatives are mitigating these challenges. The future of the RWE Solutions market hinges on continuous technological innovation, particularly in areas like artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), which can enhance data analysis and generate valuable insights from complex datasets. Further growth will depend on fostering collaboration among stakeholders, including regulatory bodies, healthcare providers, and technology companies, to create a more conducive environment for RWE adoption.

The controversy over how much to charge for health products in the developing world rests, in part, on whether higher prices can increase use, either by targeting distribution to high-use households (a screening effect), or by stimulating use psychologically through a sunk-cost effect. We develop a methodology for separating these two effects. We implement the methodology in a field experiment in Zambia using door-to-door marketing of a home water purification solution. We find evidence of economically important screening effects. By contrast, we find no consistent evidence of sunk-cost effects. (JEL C93, D12, I11, M31, O12)

The Evidence-Based Software Portfolio Management (EBSPM) Research Repository is a collection of data of finalized software projects in four different software companies. The repository is part of the EBSPM approach as documented in the PhD-thesis EBSPM by Hennie Huijgens (2017).

The U.S. federal government routinely commissions policy research from the private sector and this research, in turn, often forms an evidence base for future policy decisions. Given its potential to influence the policymaking process, I argue that the procurement power over research production is a previously unappreciated tool in the president’s policy arsenal. Focusing on federally-funded policy research and using an original dataset of federal procurement from 2000-2019, I explore how government-funded research can enhance a president’s prospects for accomplishing political goals. The analysis shows that agencies that are prioritized by the president award larger research contracts. Further, new presidential administrations are more likely to discotinue research initiated by their predecessors. The implication is that policy research commissioned by the federal government is a commodity for the executive, harnessed in service of political agendas.

Archaeologists and researchers in allied fields have long sought to understand human colonization of North America. When, how, and from where did people migrate, and what were the consequences of their arrival for the established fauna and landscape are enduring questions. Here, we present evidence from excavated surfaces of in situ human footprints from White Sands National Park (New Mexico, USA), where multiple human footprints are stratigraphically constrained and bracketed by seed layers that yield calibrated 14C ages between ~23 and 21 ka. These findings confirm the presence of humans in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum, adding evidence to the antiquity of human colonization of the Americas and providing a temporal range extension for the coexistence of early inhabitants and Pleistocene megafauna.

We revisit the relationship between ancestral distance and barriers to the diffusion of development by replicating previous results with a new genomic dataset on human microsatellite variation. We find a statistically and economically significant effect of ancestral distance from the technological frontier on income per capita. The historical pattern of the effect is hump shaped, peaking between 1870 and 1913, and declining steeply afterwards. This suggests that ancestral distance acts as a temporary barrier to the diffusion of development. We also find that ancestral distance from the frontier is a barrier to the spread of specific technologies and institutions in modern times.

Update — December 7, 2014. – Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is not working for many reasons, for example: 1. Incorrect in their foundations (paradox): hierarchical levels of evidence are supported by opinions (i.e., lowest strength of evidence according to EBM) instead of real data collected from different types of study designs (i.e., evidence). http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1122534 2. The effect of criminal practices by pharmaceutical companies is only possible because of the complicity of others: healthcare systems, professional associations, governmental and academic institutions. Pharmaceutical companies also corrupt at the personal level, politicians and political parties are on their payroll, medical professionals seduced by different types of gifts in exchange of prescriptions (i.e., bribery) which very likely results in patients not receiving the proper treatment for their disease, many times there is no such thing: healthy persons not needing pharmacological treatments of any kind are constantly misdiagnosed and treated with unnecessary drugs. Some medical professionals are converted in K.O.L. which is only a puppet appearing on stage to spread lies to their peers, a person supposedly trained to improve the well-being of others, now deceits on behalf of pharmaceutical companies. Probably the saddest thing is that many honest doctors are being misled by these lies created by the rules of pharmaceutical marketing instead of scientific, medical, and ethical principles. Interpretation of EBM in this context was not anticipated by their creators. “The main reason we take so many drugs is that drug companies don’t sell drugs, they sell lies about drugs.” ―Peter C. Gøtzsche “doctors and their organisations should recognise that it is unethical to receive money that has been earned in part through crimes that have harmed those people whose interests doctors are expected to take care of. Many crimes would be impossible to carry out if doctors weren’t willing to participate in them.” —Peter C Gøtzsche, The BMJ, 2012, Big pharma often commits corporate crime, and this must be stopped. Pending (Colombia): Health Promoter Entities (In Spanish: EPS ―Empresas Promotoras de Salud).

1. Misinterpretations New technologies or concepts are difficult to understand in the beginning, it doesn’t matter their simplicity, we need to get used to new tools aimed to improve our professional practice. Probably the best explanation is here in these videos (credits to Antonio Villafaina for sharing these videos with me). English https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQHX-SjgQvQ&w=420&h=315 Spanish https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DApozQBrlhU&w=420&h=315 ----------------------- Hypothesis: hierarchical levels of evidence based medicine are wrong Dear Editor, I have data to support the hypothesis described in the title of this letter. Before rejecting the null hypothesis I would like to ask the following open question:Could you support with data that hierarchical levels of evidence based medicine are correct? (1,2) Additional explanation to this question: – Only respond to this question attaching publicly available raw data.– Be aware that more than a question this is a challenge: I have data (i.e., evidence) which is contrary to classic (i.e., McMaster) or current (i.e., Oxford) hierarchical levels of evidence based medicine. An important part of this data (but not all) is publicly available. References
2. Ramirez, Jorge H (2014): The EBM challenge. figshare. http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1135873
3. The EBM Challenge Day 1: No Answers. Competing interests: I endorse the principles of open data in human biomedical research Read this letter on The BMJ – August 13, 2014.http://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g3725/rr/762595Re: Greenhalgh T, et al. Evidence based medicine: a movement in crisis? BMJ 2014; 348: g3725. _ Fileset contents Raw data: Excel archive: Raw data, interactive figures, and PubMed search terms. Google Spreadsheet is also available (URL below the article description). Figure 1. Unadjusted (Fig 1A) and adjusted (Fig 1B) PubMed publication trends (01/01/1992 to 30/06/2014). Figure 2. Adjusted PubMed publication trends (07/01/2008 to 29/06/2014) Figure 3. Google search trends: Jan 2004 to Jun 2014 / 1-week periods. Figure 4. PubMed publication trends (1962-2013) systematic reviews and meta-analysis, clinical trials, and observational studies.
   Figure 5. Ramirez, Jorge H (2014): Infographics: Unpublished US phase 3 clinical trials (2002-2014) completed before Jan 2011 = 50.8%. figshare.http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1121675 Raw data: "13377 studies found for: Completed | Interventional Studies | Phase 3 | received from 01/01/2002 to 01/01/2014 | Worldwide". This database complies with the terms and conditions of ClinicalTrials.gov: http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/about-site/terms-conditions Supplementary Figures (S1-S6). PubMed publication delay in the indexation processes does not explain the descending trends in the scientific output of evidence-based medicine. Acknowledgments I would like to acknowledge the following persons for providing valuable concepts in data visualization and infographics:
4. Maria Fernanda Ramírez. Professor of graphic design. Universidad del Valle. Cali, Colombia.
5. Lorena Franco. Graphic design student. Universidad del Valle. Cali, Colombia. Related articles by this author (Jorge H. Ramírez)
6. Ramirez JH. Lack of transparency in clinical trials: a call for action. Colomb Med (Cali) 2013;44(4):243-6. URL: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24892242
7. Ramirez JH. Re: Evidence based medicine is broken (17 June 2014). http://www.bmj.com/node/759181
8. Ramirez JH. Re: Global rules for global health: why we need an independent, impartial WHO (19 June 2014). http://www.bmj.com/node/759151
9. Ramirez JH. PubMed publication trends (1992 to 2014): evidence based medicine and clinical practice guidelines (04 July 2014). http://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g3725/rr/759895 Recommended articles
10. Greenhalgh Trisha, Howick Jeremy,Maskrey Neal. Evidence based medicine: a movement in crisis? BMJ 2014;348:g3725
11. Spence Des. Evidence based medicine is broken BMJ 2014; 348:g22
12. Schünemann Holger J, Oxman Andrew D,Brozek Jan, Glasziou Paul, JaeschkeRoman, Vist Gunn E et al. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations for diagnostic tests and strategies BMJ 2008; 336:1106
13. Lau Joseph, Ioannidis John P A, TerrinNorma, Schmid Christopher H, OlkinIngram. The case of the misleading funnel plot BMJ 2006; 333:597
14. Moynihan R, Henry D, Moons KGM (2014) Using Evidence to Combat Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment: Evaluating Treatments, Tests, and Disease Definitions in the Time of Too Much. PLoS Med 11(7): e1001655. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001655
15. Katz D. A-holistic view of evidence based medicinehttp://thehealthcareblog.com/blog/2014/05/02/a-holistic-view-of-evidence-based-medicine/ ---