Abstract

The Establishment Census 2011 was conducted as a joint undertaking by the Ministry of Public Service and Labour (MIFOTRA), Ministry of Trade and Industry (MINICOM), Private Sector Federation (PSF) and the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR). The Census provides a comprehensive picture of Establishments in Rwanda, both formal and informal, for the first time. It will allow Government, private sector associations, researchers and others to base economic planning, policy design, analysis and beyond upon robust information leading to more effective results and findings. An establishment is defined as an enterprise or (part of) with a constant site that performs one or more economic activities under one administration. The holder of the establishment could be a natural or nominal person, or governmental body.

The 2011 Establishment Census is designed to achieve the following objectives: a) To produce a comprehensive and updated data profile of all economic activities practiced by establishments operating in Rwanda; b) To provide detailed tabulations for the establishments' characteristics, e.g. geographical location, number of employees, registration status, legal status, ownership, sector, manager/owner gender; c) To produce data necessary to classify establishments according to size into Micro, small, middle, large and very large; d) To lay out the data foundation needed to identify formal and informal economic sectors in Rwanda; e) To help establishing a Business Register that can be utilized in carrying out future economic sample surveys and creating comprehensive data base and Geographic Information System (GIS) of the business community in Rwanda.

Geographic coverage

National coverage

Analysis unit

Establishment

Universe

All Rwandan establishments from the nationally sampled area. An establishment is defined as an enterprise or (part of) with a constant site that performs one or more economic activities under one administration. The holder of the establishment could be a natural or nominal person, or governmental body. The definition of an establishment used in the 2011 Census does not include: a) Street Vendors b) Taxis and Motor drivers

Kind of data

Census/enumeration data [cen]

Sampling procedure

With the aim of avoiding omissions and/or duplications the enumerators followed a rigorous approach in enumerating all establishments in a village. A thorough and systematic canvassing of the whole village was performed by the enumerator before completing the Census questionnaires.

Step 1: In the first working day, the enumerator started with identification of the village boundaries and illustration of a sketch map showing these boundaries. This indicated whether one or two banks of a boundary are included in the village.

Step 2 (Boundaries): Boundaries are then allocated a number, with the first being selected in such a way that the whole village is located on the right hand side (B1 on the Illustrative Diagram of village canvassing). Whilst walking along this boundary, the enumerator lists the establishments along the right bank by entering their serial numbers on the sketch map and on the wall right to the entrance as well as in the Establishment Listing Form of serial numbers, establishment names and establishment addresses. If both banks of the boundary lied in the village, the enumerator returned back on the boundary to count the establishments existing on the other bank of the boundary.

Step 3 (Roads): Once establishments along the boundary are listed, the enumerator enters the first road inside the village from the boundary, counting all establishments on the right bank of this boundary followed by the establishments on the left bank (R1 on the Illustrative Diagram). After counting, listing and locating on the sketch map each of the establishments on the road (R1), the enumerator enters the first branch on the right hand side (R2) following the same process, and then carries the same out for all other branches. When all roads and branches associated with the boundary (B1) are finished, the enumerator continues the process from the next boundary (B2). However attention is paid to the possibility that some of the establishments may have already been counted (for example R3 has already been counted as an associated branch of R1). In the case of a market place that include several establishments, the enumerator need not to locate on the sketch map each and every establishment present in the market, instead writing a range of serial numbers and filling in the listing form for each establishment.

Sampling deviation

In total, the Establishment Census 2011 enumerated 127,662 establishments. Despite 127,662 establishments being recorded, the majority of the results presented within this report focus on a slightly reduced sample of 123,526 operating establishments (most of the others were permanently closed).

Mode of data collection

Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument

The questionnaire was developed according to the objectives specified in Chapter 1 in English, and then translated into Kinyarwanda. In order to minimise potential problems arising in the field, several tests were performed. Feedback was provided by trainees in the central training centre in Kigali, which was then followed by a formal pre-test (see below). After this, revisions were incorporated into the survey with additional feedback being given by trainees at the local training centres around the country. The final version of the questionnaire was developed in Kinyarwanda and translated back into English

Cleaning operations

Data editing was continuously performed during and after the data entry phase in order to detect out-of-range and/or inconsistent data values. Appropriate actions were taken to introduce necessary corrections or deal with incorrect data. In many cases follow up contacts with the establishments were made in order to verify previously reported data. Upon producing the clean data file, statistical tabulations have been generated and are subsequent chapters present these census tabulations.

Dataset shows an individual’s statistical area 3 (SA3) of usual residence and the SA3 of their workplace address, for the employed census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over, by main means of travel to work from the 2018 and 2023 Censuses.

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The main means of travel to work categories are:

• Work at home
• Drive a private car, truck, or van
• Drive a company car, truck, or van
• Passenger in a car, truck, van, or company bus
• Public bus
• Train
• Bicycle
• Walk or jog
• Ferry
• Other.

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Main means of travel to work is the usual method which an employed person aged 15 years and over used to travel the longest distance to their place of work.

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Workplace address refers to where someone usually works in their main job, that is the job in which they worked the most hours. For people who work at home, this is the same address as their usual residence address. For people who do not work at home, this could be the address of the business they work for or another address, such as a building site.

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Workplace address is coded to the most detailed geography possible from the available information. This dataset only includes travel to work information for individuals whose workplace address is available at SA3 level. The sum of the counts for each region in this dataset may not equal the total employed census usually resident population count aged 15 years and over for that region. Workplace address – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information.

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This dataset can be used in conjunction with the following spatial files by joining on the SA3 code values:

• Statistical area 3 2023 (generalised)

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Download data table using the instructions in the Koordinates help guide.

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Footnotes

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Geographical boundaries

Statistical standard for geographic areas 2023 (updated December 2023) has information about geographic boundaries as of 1 January 2023. Address data from 2013 and 2018 Censuses was updated to be consistent with the 2023 areas. Due to the changes in area boundaries and coding methodologies, 2013 and 2018 counts published in 2023 may be slightly different to those published in 2013 or 2018.

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Subnational census usually resident population

The census usually resident population count of an area (subnational count) is a count of all people who usually live in that area and were present in New Zealand on census night. It excludes visitors from overseas, visitors from elsewhere in New Zealand, and residents temporarily overseas on census night. For example, a person who usually lives in Christchurch city and is visiting Wellington city on census night will be included in the census usually resident population count of Christchurch city. 

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Population counts

Stats NZ publishes a number of different population counts, each using a different definition and methodology. Population statistics – user guide has more information about different counts. 

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Caution using time series

Time series data should be interpreted with care due to changes in census methodology and differences in response rates between censuses. The 2023 and 2018 Censuses used a combined census methodology (using census responses and administrative data).

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Workplace address time series

Workplace address time series data should be interpreted with care at lower geographic levels, such as statistical area 2 (SA2). Methodological improvements in 2023 Census resulted in greater data accuracy, including a greater proportion of people being counted at lower geographic areas compared to the 2018 Census. Workplace address – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information.

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Working at home

In the census, working at home captures both remote work, and people whose business is at their home address (e.g. farmers or small business owners operating from their home). The census asks respondents whether they ‘mostly’ work at home or away from home. It does not capture whether someone does both, or how frequently they do one or the other.

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Rows excluded from the dataset

Rows show SA3 of usual residence by SA3 of workplace address. Rows with a total population count of less than six have been removed to reduce the size of the dataset, given only a small proportion of SA3-SA3 combinations have commuter flows.

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About the 2023 Census dataset

For information on the 2023 dataset see Using a combined census model for the 2023 Census. We combined data from the census forms with administrative data to create the 2023 Census dataset, which meets Stats NZ's quality criteria for population structure information. We added real data about real people to the dataset where we were confident the people who hadn’t completed a census form (which is known as admin enumeration) will be counted. We also used data from the 2018 and 2013 Censuses, administrative data sources, and statistical imputation methods to fill in some missing characteristics of people and dwellings.

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Data quality

The quality of data in the 2023 Census is assessed using the quality rating scale and the quality assurance framework to determine whether data is fit for purpose and suitable for release. Data quality assurance in the 2023 Census has more information.

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Quality rating of a variable

The quality rating of a variable provides an overall evaluation of data quality for that variable, usually at the highest levels of classification. The quality ratings shown are for the 2023 Census unless stated. There is variability in the quality of data at smaller geographies. Data quality may also vary between censuses, for subpopulations, or when cross tabulated with other variables or at lower levels of the classification. Data quality ratings for 2023 Census variables has more information on quality ratings by variable.

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Main means of travel to work quality rating

Main means of travel to work is rated as moderate quality.

Main means of travel to work – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

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Workplace address quality rating

Workplace address is rated as moderate quality.

Workplace address – 2023 Census: Information by concept has more information, for example, definitions and data quality.

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Using data for good

Stats NZ expects that, when working with census data, it is done so with a positive purpose, as outlined in the Māori Data Governance Model (Data Iwi Leaders Group, 2023). This model states that "data should support transformative outcomes and should uplift and strengthen our relationships with each other and with our environments. The avoidance of harm is the minimum expectation for data use. Māori data should also contribute to iwi and hapū tino rangatiratanga”.

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Confidentiality

The 2023 Census confidentiality rules have been applied to 2013, 2018, and 2023 data. These rules protect the confidentiality of individuals, families, households, dwellings, and undertakings in 2023 Census data. Counts are calculated using fixed random rounding to base 3 (FRR3) and suppression of ‘sensitive’ counts less than six, where tables report multiple geographic variables and/or small populations. Individual figures may not always sum to stated totals. Applying confidentiality rules to 2023 Census data and summary of changes since 2018 and 2013 Censuses has more information about 2023 Census confidentiality rules.

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Percentages

To calculate percentages, divide the figure for the category of interest by the figure for ‘Total stated’ where this applies.

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Symbol

-999 Confidential

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Inconsistencies in definitions

Please note that there may be differences in definitions between census classifications and those used for other data collections.