Source:

Fatih Ertam, fatih.ertam '@' firat.edu.tr, Firat University, Turkey.

Data Set Information:

There are 12 features in total. Action feature is used as a class. There are 4 classes in total. These are allow, action, drop and reset-both classes.

Attribute Information:

Source Port,Destination Port,NAT Source Port,NAT Destination Port,Action,Bytes,Bytes Sent,Bytes Received,Packets,Elapsed Time (sec),pkts_sent,pkts_received

Relevant Papers:

F. Ertam and M. Kaya, “Classification of firewall log files with multiclass support vector machine,†in 6th International Symposium on Digital Forensic and Security, ISDFS 2018 - Proceeding, 2018.

Database Firewall Market Outlook

As per our latest research, the global Database Firewall Market size in 2024 stands at USD 2.34 billion, reflecting the growing emphasis on advanced cybersecurity solutions within data-driven enterprises. The market is projected to reach USD 7.21 billion by 2033, expanding at a robust CAGR of 13.5% during the forecast period. This remarkable growth is primarily driven by the increasing frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks targeting sensitive database environments, coupled with stringent regulatory requirements for data protection across multiple industries.

A key growth factor propelling the database firewall market is the escalating volume and complexity of cyber threats, particularly those targeting structured and unstructured data repositories. As organizations worldwide collect and process vast amounts of sensitive information, the risk of unauthorized access, data breaches, and insider threats has surged. Database firewalls have emerged as a frontline defense, providing real-time monitoring, policy enforcement, and anomaly detection to safeguard critical databases against malicious activity. The rapid adoption of digital transformation initiatives, cloud computing, and big data analytics further amplifies the need for robust database security solutions, ensuring both compliance and operational continuity.

Another significant driver is the evolving regulatory landscape, with governments and industry bodies imposing strict mandates on data privacy and cybersecurity. Regulations like the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), and various sector-specific guidelines require organizations to implement comprehensive safeguards for sensitive data. Database firewalls play a critical role in achieving compliance by offering granular access controls, audit trails, and real-time alerts for suspicious activities. As a result, enterprises across sectors such as BFSI, healthcare, and government are investing heavily in advanced database firewall technologies to avoid hefty penalties and reputational damage associated with data breaches.

Technological advancements are also fueling market expansion, with vendors integrating artificial intelligence, machine learning, and behavioral analytics into their database firewall offerings. These innovations enable proactive threat detection, adaptive policy management, and automated response mechanisms, significantly enhancing the efficacy of database security frameworks. Furthermore, the rising adoption of cloud-based databases and hybrid IT environments necessitates flexible and scalable security solutions. Database firewalls are evolving to address these dynamic requirements, offering seamless integration with cloud platforms, containerized applications, and DevOps workflows. This trend is expected to create new growth opportunities for both established players and emerging vendors in the global database firewall market.

From a regional perspective, North America currently dominates the database firewall market, accounting for the largest revenue share in 2024, followed closely by Europe and Asia Pacific. The region's leadership is attributed to the high concentration of data-centric enterprises, advanced IT infrastructure, and early adoption of cybersecurity best practices. However, Asia Pacific is projected to witness the fastest growth over the forecast period, driven by rapid digitalization, expanding e-commerce, and increasing investments in cloud computing across emerging economies such as China, India, and Southeast Asia. As organizations worldwide prioritize data security, the demand for database firewalls is expected to surge across all major regions, albeit with varying adoption patterns and growth trajectories.

Component Analysis

The database firewall market by component is segmented into software, hardware, and services, each playing a pivotal role in shaping the industry landscape. Software s

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Network Security Firewall market size was USD 4.71 billion in 2024 and will expand at the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20.3% from 2024 to 2031. Market Dynamics of Network Security Firewall Market Key Drivers for Network Security Firewall Market Increasing Regulatory Compliance Requirements - The need to comply with stringent regulatory standards and data protection laws is another key driver for the network security firewall market. Governments and regulatory bodies globally have enacted various regulations, like the HIPAA, PCI DSS and General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which mandate organizations to implement robust security steps to protect sensitive information. Non-compliance can result in the severe financial penalties and reputational damage. Firewalls play a crucial role in achieving and maintaining compliance by providing essential security controls, such as access management, data encryption, and intrusion prevention. The increasing adoption of cloud-based services and remote work is anticipated to drive the Network Security Firewall market's expansion in the years ahead. Key Restraints for Network Security Firewall Market The substantial investment required for advanced firewall solutions can be a barrier for many organizations. The market also faces significant difficulties related to the complexity of management. Introduction of the Network Security Firewall Market Network Security Firewall Market plays a critical role in safeguarding digital infrastructure by preventing unauthorized access, cyberattacks, and data breaches. Firewalls, acting as a barrier between the internal networks and external threats, are integral to network security strategies across industries. This market is driven by the surging prevalence of cyber threats, the proliferation of connected devices, and the growing adoption of cloud computing. Key firewall types include next-generation firewalls (NGFW), unified threat management (UTM) systems, and virtual firewalls, each offering advanced features like deep packet inspection, intrusion prevention, and application control. Despite its importance, the market faces challenges like high implementation costs and the complexity of managing advanced firewall systems. Nevertheless, ongoing innovations in firewall technology, coupled with stringent regulatory requirements and the escalating need for robust security measures, are expected to propel market growth, ensuring the protection of critical data and networks in an increasingly digital world.

Source:

Fatih Ertam, fatih.ertam '@' firat.edu.tr, Firat University, Turkey.

Data Set Information:

There are 12 features in total. Action feature is used as a class. There are 4 classes in total. These are allow, action, drop and reset-both classes.

Attribute Information:

Source Port,Destination Port,NAT Source Port,NAT Destination Port,Action,Bytes,Bytes Sent,Bytes Received,Packets,Elapsed Time (sec),pkts_sent,pkts_received

Relevant Papers:

F. Ertam and M. Kaya, “Classification of firewall log files with multiclass support vector machine,†in 6th International Symposium on Digital Forensic and Security, ISDFS 2018 - Proceeding, 2018.

Database Firewall Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global database firewall market size reached USD 2.18 billion in 2024. The market has demonstrated robust growth, registering a CAGR of 15.7% from 2025 to 2033. By 2033, the database firewall market is forecasted to achieve a valuation of USD 7.65 billion. This impressive growth trajectory is primarily driven by the escalating frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks targeting critical business data, compelling organizations across the globe to invest in advanced database security solutions. The rising adoption of digital transformation initiatives, cloud computing, and regulatory compliance requirements further accelerate the demand for database firewalls as a pivotal layer of security infrastructure.

A key growth factor for the database firewall market is the surge in data breaches and cyber threats that specifically target databases, which house sensitive and mission-critical information. Organizations are under increasing pressure to secure their data assets from both external hackers and insider threats. The proliferation of ransomware, SQL injection attacks, and advanced persistent threats (APTs) has made traditional security measures insufficient, leading to a sharp uptick in the deployment of database firewalls. These solutions offer real-time monitoring, threat detection, and policy enforcement capabilities that are essential for modern enterprises to maintain data integrity and customer trust in an evolving threat landscape.

Another significant driver is the stringent regulatory environment that mandates robust data protection practices across various industries. Regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in the US, and other regional compliance standards require organizations to adopt comprehensive security controls, including database firewalls. Non-compliance can result in hefty fines and reputational damage, prompting companies to prioritize investments in database security technologies. Additionally, the growing trend of remote work and the widespread adoption of cloud-based applications have expanded the attack surface, further necessitating advanced database firewall solutions to safeguard distributed data environments.

Technological advancements and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) into database firewall solutions are also fueling market expansion. Modern database firewalls are now equipped with intelligent anomaly detection, automated threat response, and adaptive learning capabilities, enabling proactive defense against emerging threats. The demand for scalable, easy-to-deploy, and centrally managed solutions is particularly high among organizations looking to future-proof their data security infrastructure. As enterprises continue to digitize their operations and embrace cloud-native architectures, the role of database firewalls in ensuring end-to-end data protection is expected to become even more critical.

From a regional perspective, North America remains the largest and most mature market for database firewalls, accounting for 38% of global revenue in 2024. This dominance is attributed to the high concentration of technology-driven enterprises, stringent regulatory frameworks, and early adoption of advanced security solutions. However, Asia Pacific is emerging as the fastest-growing region, propelled by rapid digitalization, increasing awareness about cybersecurity, and significant investments in IT infrastructure. Europe also holds a substantial share, driven by strong data protection laws and a growing emphasis on enterprise security. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are witnessing steady growth, supported by government initiatives and rising cyber threat awareness, albeit from a lower base.

Component Analysis

The component segment of the database firewall market is categorized into software, hardware, and services, each playing a vital role in shaping the industry landscape. Software solutions dominate the segment, accounting for the largest market share, as organizations prioritize flexible, scalable, and feature-rich platforms to secure their databases. Database firewall software offers comprehensive functionalities such as real-time monitoring, threat analytics, policy management, and automated alerts, making it the preferred choice

Discover the explosive growth of the Firewall Hardware & Software market! This in-depth analysis reveals a $20B market in 2025, projected to reach $60B by 2033, driven by cyber threats and cloud adoption. Learn about key players, market segments, and regional trends.

79 Global import shipment records of Firewall app with prices, volume & current Buyer’s suppliers relationships based on actual Global import trade database.

As of November 2024, the application and data-centric security technology most used by companies worldwide was database firewall. At the same time, over ** percent of respondents stated that their company already used web application firewall (WAF). Moreover, the data security technology that most companies planned to acquire in the next 12 months was bot management.

Global trade data of Firewall under 87082999, 87082999 global trade data, trade data of Firewall from 80+ Countries.

Explore the dynamic global Firewall Hardware and Software market analysis, including size, growth projections (CAGR ~12%), key drivers, trends like AI integration, and restraints. Discover market segments and leading companies.

246 Global import shipment records of Firewall with prices, volume & current Buyer's suppliers relationships based on actual Global export trade database.

Enterprise Network Firewall Market Outlook

The enterprise network firewall market size was valued at approximately $4.5 billion in 2023 and is projected to reach around $10.3 billion by 2032, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.5% during the forecast period. This robust growth is fueled by the increasing need for robust security solutions to safeguard enterprise networks against evolving cyber threats. The escalating number of cyber attacks, data breaches, and the adoption of digital transformation strategies across industries are some of the key factors driving the demand for enterprise network firewalls. As businesses continue to modernize their IT infrastructure, the need for advanced and scalable security solutions becomes paramount, further propelling market growth.

One of the primary growth factors in the enterprise network firewall market is the proliferation of sophisticated cyber threats and the growing complexity of enterprise IT environments. Cyber threats are becoming more advanced and targeted, requiring enterprises to deploy comprehensive security solutions to protect their critical data and infrastructure. Enterprise network firewalls play a crucial role in detecting and preventing unauthorized access, thereby reducing the risk of cyber attacks. Furthermore, the rise of remote working models and cloud computing has expanded the attack surface for enterprises, necessitating the implementation of robust security measures such as network firewalls to ensure data security and compliance with regulatory requirements.

Another significant driver of market growth is the increasing adoption of cloud-based services and applications. As enterprises move their operations to the cloud, the need for cloud-based security solutions, including network firewalls, is becoming more apparent. Cloud-based firewalls offer several advantages, such as scalability, flexibility, and ease of management, which are particularly beneficial for organizations with distributed IT environments. The shift towards digitalization and cloud computing is not only transforming business operations but also creating new security challenges, thereby driving the demand for innovative network firewall solutions that can effectively mitigate cloud-specific threats and vulnerabilities.

The growing awareness of the importance of network security and compliance among enterprises is also contributing to market expansion. With stringent regulatory frameworks and data protection laws in place, organizations are increasingly investing in advanced security solutions to ensure compliance and protect sensitive information from cyber threats. Enterprise network firewalls are critical components of a comprehensive security strategy, providing advanced threat detection, intrusion prevention, and data loss prevention capabilities. As regulatory requirements continue to evolve, enterprises are expected to prioritize investments in network security solutions, thereby boosting market growth.

From a regional perspective, North America currently holds the largest share of the enterprise network firewall market, driven by the presence of major technology companies, high adoption of advanced security technologies, and stringent regulatory standards. However, the Asia Pacific region is anticipated to witness the highest growth rate during the forecast period, owing to rapid digitalization, increasing cyber threats, and growing awareness of network security among enterprises. The expanding IT and telecommunications sector in countries like China and India, coupled with government initiatives to promote cybersecurity, are expected to further bolster market growth in the region.

Component Analysis

The enterprise network firewall market is segmented by component into hardware, software, and services, each playing a vital role in offering comprehensive security solutions to enterprises. Hardware firewalls, traditionally the cornerstone of network security, continue to be widely deployed in enterprise environments due to their reliability and ability to handle large volumes of traffic. These hardware solutions are particularly favored in scenarios where robust and dedicated security infrastructure is necessary. As cyber threats become more advanced, there is a growing demand for hardware firewalls with capabilities such as deep packet inspection and advanced threat protection, driving innovation and development in this segment.

Software firewalls, on the other hand, are gaining traction due to their flexibility and ease of deployment across distributed and virtualized environments. Software solutions are p

Discover the booming virtualized firewall market! This in-depth analysis reveals market size, CAGR, key drivers, trends, and regional breakdowns, projecting growth to 2033. Learn about leading vendors and explore the opportunities within this dynamic sector.

The Database Firewall System market is booming, projected to reach $15 billion by 2033 with a 15% CAGR. Learn about key drivers, trends, restraints, and top players shaping this crucial cybersecurity sector. Discover market size, segmentation, and regional insights in our comprehensive analysis.

Enterprise Firewall Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global enterprise firewall market size reached $13.7 billion in 2024, reflecting robust adoption across diverse industries. The market is projected to grow at a CAGR of 8.4% from 2025 to 2033, reaching a forecasted value of $28.1 billion by 2033. This impressive growth trajectory is largely driven by escalating cyber threats, regulatory compliance requirements, and the proliferation of cloud-based and hybrid IT environments. As organizations worldwide prioritize network security and data protection, the enterprise firewall market continues to expand, driven by both technological advancements and evolving security needs.

One of the primary growth factors propelling the enterprise firewall market is the increasing sophistication and frequency of cyberattacks. Enterprises are facing a rapidly evolving threat landscape, with attackers leveraging advanced techniques such as ransomware, zero-day exploits, and multi-vector attacks. In response, organizations are investing heavily in next-generation firewall solutions that offer integrated threat intelligence, automated response capabilities, and granular visibility into network traffic. The demand for advanced firewall technologies is further amplified by the growing adoption of remote work and digital transformation initiatives, which expand the attack surface and necessitate robust perimeter and internal security controls.

Another significant driver for the enterprise firewall market is the tightening of regulatory frameworks and compliance mandates across various sectors. Industries such as BFSI, healthcare, and government are subject to stringent data protection laws, including GDPR, HIPAA, and PCI DSS, which require comprehensive network security measures. Enterprise firewalls play a crucial role in helping organizations achieve and maintain compliance by providing features such as deep packet inspection, intrusion prevention, and secure segmentation. As regulators worldwide continue to update and enforce cybersecurity standards, the need for scalable, policy-driven firewall solutions is expected to remain strong, fueling market growth.

The rapid expansion of cloud computing and hybrid IT environments has also significantly influenced the enterprise firewall market. As businesses migrate critical workloads to public and private clouds, they require flexible and scalable firewall solutions capable of securing dynamic, distributed infrastructures. Cloud-based firewalls, also known as firewall-as-a-service (FWaaS), have gained substantial traction due to their ease of deployment, centralized management, and ability to protect cloud-native applications. This shift towards cloud and hybrid deployments is encouraging firewall vendors to innovate and offer solutions that seamlessly integrate with multi-cloud environments, further accelerating market adoption.

Regionally, North America continues to dominate the enterprise firewall market, accounting for the largest share in 2024, driven by high cybersecurity awareness, significant IT spending, and the presence of leading firewall vendors. However, the Asia Pacific region is witnessing the fastest growth, fueled by rapid digitalization, rising cybercrime incidents, and increasing investments in IT infrastructure across emerging economies such as China and India. Europe also maintains a strong market position, supported by strict data privacy regulations and a mature enterprise sector. The Middle East & Africa and Latin America are gradually emerging as important markets, with organizations in these regions ramping up their cybersecurity defenses in response to growing digital threats.

As the enterprise firewall market continues to evolve, Firewall Policy Management has become a critical aspect for organizations striving to maintain robust security postures. Effective policy management ensures that firewall rules are consistently applied and updated to reflect the latest threat intelligence and organizational changes. This process involves the creation, deployment, and monitoring of firewall policies that dictate how traffic is managed across networks. Organizations are increasingly relying on advanced tools and platforms that automate policy management, reducing the risk of human error and enhancing compliance with regulatory standards. By

The global network security firewall market is poised for significant expansion, projected to reach a valuation of approximately $15,500 million by 2025, with a robust Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12%. This substantial growth is primarily driven by the escalating sophistication and frequency of cyber threats targeting businesses of all sizes. As organizations increasingly rely on digital infrastructure, the need for advanced security solutions to protect sensitive data and maintain operational continuity has become paramount. Key market drivers include the growing adoption of cloud computing, the proliferation of mobile devices, and the evolving regulatory landscape that mandates stricter data protection measures. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) represent a rapidly growing segment, as they become more attractive targets for cybercriminals and recognize the critical importance of implementing robust firewall solutions to safeguard their operations. Large enterprises, meanwhile, continue to invest heavily in comprehensive network security strategies to defend against advanced persistent threats (APTs) and ensure compliance with industry-specific regulations. The market is segmented into two primary types: SMS Firewalls and Signalling Firewalls. SMS Firewalls are crucial for telecommunication providers to prevent fraudulent activities, spam, and unauthorized access through SMS channels, a critical concern given the widespread use of mobile messaging. Signalling Firewalls play a vital role in securing the signalling protocols of mobile networks, protecting against vulnerabilities that could lead to service disruptions or data breaches. Emerging trends include the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for predictive threat detection and automated response, as well as the development of next-generation firewalls (NGFWs) offering enhanced application control and threat intelligence. However, certain restraints, such as the high cost of implementation and maintenance for advanced solutions, particularly for smaller organizations, and the shortage of skilled cybersecurity professionals, could temper the market's growth trajectory. Nevertheless, the overwhelming imperative for enhanced cybersecurity is expected to propel sustained expansion. Here's a unique report description on network security firewalls, incorporating your specific requirements:

Cyber security guidance

Snapshot img

Network Security Firewall Market Size 2025-2029

The network security firewall market size is forecast to increase by USD 6.04 billion at a CAGR of 14.7% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing adoption of cloud services and the implementation of Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) policies. These trends have led to an escalating need for robust network security solutions to protect against cyber threats. The market is experiencing significant growth due to the increasing adoption of cloud computing and the bring-your-own-device (BYOD) trend in organizations. A key challenge facing market participants is the shortage of a skilled workforce capable of managing these advanced security systems. Furthermore, the constant emergence of new threats necessitates a high level of expertise and up-to-date knowledge. Another obstacle is the lack of awareness and understanding of the importance of network security firewalls among organizations.
The launch of new network security firewall products continues to shape the competitive landscape, as companies strive to provide superior protection against an ever-evolving threat landscape. Companies seeking to capitalize on these opportunities must invest in hiring skilled professionals and staying informed about the latest threats and trends to remain competitive. Despite these challenges, the market presents numerous opportunities for companies offering innovative and effective solutions to meet the evolving needs of businesses in the digital age. The emergence of advanced network security firewall solutions is addressing the challenges posed by the digital transformation, including securing email, servers, and IoT devices.

What will be the Size of the Network Security Firewall Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the increasing sophistication of cyber threats and the need for robust security solutions. Security automation is becoming a key trend, enabling faster response times and reducing the workload on security teams. Network security testing is essential for identifying vulnerabilities and ensuring compliance with PCI DSS and other compliance frameworks. Security analytics plays a crucial role in detecting advanced persistent threats, while disaster recovery solutions help businesses minimize downtime in the event of a breach. Phishing simulations and social engineering training are essential components of a comprehensive security strategy, as human error remains a significant risk.
Zero trust security, threat hunting, and incident response are also gaining traction, as organizations seek to proactively identify and mitigate threats. Endpoint security is a critical focus area, with the rise of remote work and the increasing use of personal devices. Log management and network segmentation are essential for maintaining visibility and control over network traffic. Cybersecurity insurance and business continuity planning are becoming increasingly important, as organizations seek to mitigate the financial and reputational damage caused by cyber attacks. The NIST Cybersecurity Framework and other compliance frameworks provide a roadmap for implementing effective security controls. Security operations centers (SOCs) are at the heart of effective security strategies, providing a centralized hub for monitoring and responding to threats.

How is this Network Security Firewall Industry segmented?

The network security firewall industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Deployment

  On-premises
  Cloud-based


Type

  Solutions
  Services


Application

  Financial services
  Retail
  Medical authorities
  Education authorities
  Others


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada
    Mexico


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Italy
    Spain
    UK


  APAC

    China
    India


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Deployment Insights

The on-premises segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period. The market encompasses various solutions and services, including web application firewalls, firewall monitoring, security log analysis, anti-malware protection, cloud firewalls, firewall auditing, firewall policies, penetration testing, security training, firewall rules, firewall software, firewall compliance, VPN tunneling, packet filtering, firewall performance, network segmentation, intrusion detection systems, application control, DDoS protection, anti-virus protection, data loss prevention, stateful inspection, network sec

The SMS Firewall Market is Segmented by SMS Type (A2P, P2A, and P2P), Deployment Mode (On-Premise and Cloud), Service Type (Professional Services and Managed Services), End-User Industry (BFSI, Government and Public Safety, and More), Network Generation (2G/3G, 4G/LTE, and 5G), and Geography. The Market Forecasts are Provided in Terms of Value (USD).

This repository contains synthetic log data suitable for evaluation of intrusion detection systems. The logs were collected from a testbed that was built at the Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) following the approaches by [1], [2], and [3]. Please refer to these papers for more detailed information on the dataset and cite them if the data is used for academic publications. Other than the related AIT-LDSv1.1, this dataset involves a more complex network structure, makes use of a different attack scenario, and collects log data from multiple hosts in the network. In brief, the testbed simulates a small enterprise network including mail server, file share, WordPress server, VPN, firewall, etc. Normal user behavior is simulated to generate background noise. After some days, two attack scenarios are launched against the network. Note that the AIT-LDSv2.0 extends this dataset with additional attack cases and variations of attack parameters.

The archives have the following structure. The gather directory contains the raw log data from each host in the network, as well as their system configurations. The labels directory contains the ground truth for those log files that are labeled. The processing directory contains configurations for the labeling procedure and the rules directory contains the labeling rules. Labeling of events that are related to the attacks is carried out with the Kyoushi Labeling Framework.

Each dataset contains traces of a specific attack scenario:

• Scenario 1 (see gather/attacker_0/logs/sm.log for detailed attack log):
  • nmap scan
  • WPScan
  • dirb scan
  • webshell upload through wpDiscuz exploit (CVE-2020-24186)
  • privilege escalation
• Scenario 2 (see gather/attacker_0/logs/dnsteal.log for detailed attack log):
  • DNSteal data exfiltration

The log data collected from the servers includes

• Apache access and error logs (labeled)
• audit logs (labeled)
• auth logs (labeled)
• VPN logs (labeled)
• DNS logs (labeled)
• syslog
• suricata logs
• exim logs
• horde logs
• mail logs

Note that only log files from affected servers are labeled. Label files and the directories in which they are located have the same name as their corresponding log file in the gather directory. Labels are in JSON format and comprise the following attributes: line (number of line in corresponding log file), labels (list of labels assigned to that log line), rules (names of labeling rules matching that log line). Note that not all attack traces are labeled in all log files; please refer to the labeling rules in case that some labels are not clear.

Acknowledgements: Partially funded by the FFG projects INDICAETING (868306) and DECEPT (873980), and the EU project GUARD (833456).

If you use the dataset, please cite the following publications:

[1] M. Landauer, F. Skopik, M. Wurzenberger, W. Hotwagner and A. Rauber, "Have it Your Way: Generating Customized Log Datasets With a Model-Driven Simulation Testbed," in IEEE Transactions on Reliability, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 402-415, March 2021, doi: 10.1109/TR.2020.3031317.

[2] M. Landauer, M. Frank, F. Skopik, W. Hotwagner, M. Wurzenberger, and A. Rauber, "A Framework for Automatic Labeling of Log Datasets from Model-driven Testbeds for HIDS Evaluation". ACM Workshop on Secure and Trustworthy Cyber-Physical Systems (ACM SaT-CPS 2022), April 27, 2022, Baltimore, MD, USA. ACM.

[3] M. Frank, "Quality improvement of labels for model-driven benchmark data generation for intrusion detection systems", Master's Thesis, Vienna University of Technology, 2021.