This dataset summarizes the impact of federal policy and funding changes on nonprofits, municipalities, and businesses in Connecticut, as reported in the Connecticut Office of Policy and Management's Federal Impact Reporting Tool: https://www.appsvcs.opm.ct.gov/FedImpact This dataset shows the count of reported incidents grouped by problem experienced and is based on the main Federal Impact Reporting dataset here: https://data.ct.gov/Government/Federal-Impact-Reporting/cyas-fb55/about_data Impacts reported include funding reductions, pauses and delays in accessing funds, as well as employment reductions, and impacts from tariffs. Duplicate responses to the survey have been removed from this dataset. More information on the Federal Impact Reporting Tool can be found here: https://portal.ct.gov/governor/news/press-releases/2025/04-2025/governor-lamont-launches-reporting-tool-for-entities-impacted-by-recent-federal-actions

The inflation rate in the United States declined significantly between June 2022 and May 2025, despite rising inflationary pressures towards the end of 2024. The peak inflation rate was recorded in June 2022, at *** percent. In August 2023, the Federal Reserve's interest rate hit its highest level during the observed period, at **** percent, and remained unchanged until September 2024, when the Federal Reserve implemented its first rate cut since September 2021. By January 2025, the rate dropped to **** percent, signalling a shift in monetary policy. What is the Federal Reserve interest rate? The Federal Reserve interest rate, or the federal funds rate, is the rate at which banks and credit unions lend to and borrow from each other. It is one of the Federal Reserve's key tools for maintaining strong employment rates, stable prices, and reasonable interest rates. The rate is determined by the Federal Reserve and adjusted eight times a year, though it can be changed through emergency meetings during times of crisis. The Fed doesn't directly control the interest rate but sets a target rate. It then uses open market operations to influence rates toward this target. Ways of measuring inflation Inflation is typically measured using several methods, with the most common being the Consumer Price Index (CPI). The CPI tracks the price of a fixed basket of goods and services over time, providing a measure of the price changes consumers face. At the end of 2023, the CPI in the United States was ****** percent, up from ****** a year earlier. A more business-focused measure is the producer price index (PPI), which represents the costs of firms.

The U.S. federal funds effective rate underwent a dramatic reduction in early 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate plummeted from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.65 percent in March, and further decreased to 0.05 percent in April. This sharp reduction, accompanied by the Federal Reserve's quantitative easing program, was implemented to stabilize the economy during the global health crisis. After maintaining historically low rates for nearly two years, the Federal Reserve began a series of rate hikes in early 2022, with the rate moving from 0.33 percent in April 2022 to 5.33 percent in August 2023. The rate remained unchanged for over a year, before the Federal Reserve initiated its first rate cut in nearly three years in September 2024, bringing the rate to 5.13 percent. By December 2024, the rate was cut to 4.48 percent, signaling a shift in monetary policy in the second half of 2024. In January 2025, the Federal Reserve implemented another cut, setting the rate at 4.33 percent, which remained unchanged throughout the following months. What is the federal funds effective rate? The U.S. federal funds effective rate determines the interest rate paid by depository institutions, such as banks and credit unions, that lend reserve balances to other depository institutions overnight. Changing the effective rate in times of crisis is a common way to stimulate the economy, as it has a significant impact on the whole economy, such as economic growth, employment, and inflation. Central bank policy rates The adjustment of interest rates in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was a coordinated global effort. In early 2020, central banks worldwide implemented aggressive monetary easing policies to combat the economic crisis. The U.S. Federal Reserve's dramatic reduction of its federal funds rate - from 1.58 percent in February 2020 to 0.05 percent by April - mirrored similar actions taken by central banks globally. While these low rates remained in place throughout 2021, mounting inflationary pressures led to a synchronized tightening cycle beginning in 2022, with central banks pushing rates to multi-year highs. By mid-2024, as inflation moderated across major economies, central banks began implementing their first rate cuts in several years, with the U.S. Federal Reserve, Bank of England, and European Central Bank all easing monetary policy.

The benchmark interest rate in the United States was last recorded at 4.50 percent. This dataset provides the latest reported value for - United States Fed Funds Rate - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news.

Ten-Year TIPS Yields versus Real Yields is a part of the Inflation Expectations indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

We report average expected inflation rates over the next one through 30 years. Our estimates of expected inflation rates are calculated using a Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland model that combines financial data and survey-based measures. Released monthly.

View data of the Effective Federal Funds Rate, or the interest rate depository institutions charge each other for overnight loans of funds.

Ten-Year Expected Inflation and Real and Inflation Risk Premia is a part of the Inflation Expectations indicator of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

High-frequency changes in interest rates around FOMC announcements are a standard method of measuring monetary policy shocks. However, some recent studies have documented puzzling effects of these shocks on private-sector forecasts of GDP, unemployment, or inflation that are opposite in sign to what standard macroeconomic models would predict. This evidence has been viewed as supportive of a "Fed information effect" channel of monetary policy, whereby an FOMC tightening (easing) communicates that the economy is stronger (weaker) than the public had expected. We show that these empirical results are also consistent with a "Fed response to news" channel, in which incoming, publicly available economic news causes both the Fed to change monetary policy and the private sector to revise its forecasts. We provide substantial new evidence that distinguishes between these two channels and strongly favors the latter; for example, (i) regressions that include the previously omitted public economic news, (ii) a new survey that we conduct of Blue Chip forecasters, and (iii) high-frequency financial market responses to FOMC announcements all suggest that the Fed and private sector are simply responding to the same public news, with relatively little role for a "Fed information effect".

The FR 3075 collects information from certain types of institutions regulated by the Board in order to assess the effects of proposed, pending, or recently adopted policy changes at the domestic and international levels. The Board uses the survey to collect information used for certain quantitative impact studies (QISs) sponsored by financial stability bodies such as the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) and the Financial Stability Board (FSB). Recent collections have included the Basel III monitoring exercise, which monitors the global impact of the Basel III framework, the global systemically important bank (G-SIB) exercise, which assesses firms’ systemic risk profiles, and a survey of the domestic systemic risk footprint of large foreign banking organizations. Since the collected data may change from survey to survey, there is no fixed reporting form. The surveys are conducted on a voluntary basis. The number of respondents per survey and the number of surveys conducted per year fluctuate.

United States Kansas Fed Diffusion Index: 6 Mths: Prices Paid for Raw Materials data was reported at 5.000 % Point in Apr 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of -5.000 % Point for Mar 2020. United States Kansas Fed Diffusion Index: 6 Mths: Prices Paid for Raw Materials data is updated monthly, averaging 45.000 % Point from Jul 2001 (Median) to Apr 2020, with 226 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 85.000 % Point in May 2008 and a record low of -16.000 % Point in Jan 2009. United States Kansas Fed Diffusion Index: 6 Mths: Prices Paid for Raw Materials data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S015: Tenth District Manufacturing Survey. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

It is commonly believed that the Fed's ability to control the federal funds rate stems from its ability to alter the supply of liquidity in the overnight market through open market operations. This paper uses daily data compiled by the author from the records of the Trading Desk of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York over the period March 1, 1984, through December 31, 1996. The author analyzes the Desk's use of its operating procedure in implementing monetary policy and the extent to which open market operations affect the federal funds rate-- the liquidity effect. The author finds that the operating procedure was used to guide daily open market operations. However, there is little evidence of a liquidity effect at the daily frequency and even less evidence at lower frequencies. Consistent with the absence of a liquidity effect, open market operations appear to be a relatively unimportant source of liquidity to the federal funds market.

The Federal Reserve's balance sheet has undergone significant changes since 2007, reflecting its response to major economic crises. From a modest *** trillion U.S. dollars at the end of 2007, it ballooned to approximately **** trillion U.S. dollars by June 2025. This dramatic expansion, particularly during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic - both of which resulted in negative annual GDP growth in the U.S. - showcases the Fed's crucial role in stabilizing the economy through expansionary monetary policies. Impact on inflation and interest rates The Fed's expansionary measures, while aimed at stimulating economic growth, have had notable effects on inflation and interest rates. Following the quantitative easing in 2020, inflation in the United States reached ***** percent in 2022, the highest since 1991. However, by *************, inflation had declined to *** percent. Concurrently, the Federal Reserve implemented a series of interest rate hikes, with the rate peaking at **** percent in ***********, before the first rate cut since ************** occurred in **************. Financial implications for the Federal Reserve The expansion of the Fed's balance sheet and subsequent interest rate hikes have had significant financial implications. In 2023, the Fed reported a negative net income of ***** billion U.S. dollars, a stark contrast to the ***** billion U.S. dollars profit in 2022. This unprecedented shift was primarily due to rapidly rising interest rates, which caused the Fed's interest expenses to soar to over *** billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Despite this, the Fed's net interest income on securities acquired through open market operations reached a record high of ****** billion U.S. dollars in the same year.

United States BAI: sa: Richmond Fed: Svcs: Demand data was reported at -72.000 % Point in Apr 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 9.000 % Point for Mar 2020. United States BAI: sa: Richmond Fed: Svcs: Demand data is updated monthly, averaging 17.000 % Point from Dec 2010 (Median) to Apr 2020, with 113 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 38.000 % Point in Nov 2017 and a record low of -72.000 % Point in Apr 2020. United States BAI: sa: Richmond Fed: Svcs: Demand data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S014: Fifth District Survey of Service Sector Activity. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

United States CFNAI: Diffusion Index data was reported at -0.320 NA in Mar 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of -0.210 NA for Feb 2020. United States CFNAI: Diffusion Index data is updated monthly, averaging 0.080 NA from May 1967 (Median) to Mar 2020, with 635 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.860 NA in Apr 1978 and a record low of -0.890 NA in Sep 2008. United States CFNAI: Diffusion Index data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S007: Chicago Fed National Activity Index. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

United States CFNAI: Employment, Unemployment, & Hours data was reported at -1.230 NA in Mar 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.070 NA for Feb 2020. United States CFNAI: Employment, Unemployment, & Hours data is updated monthly, averaging 0.050 NA from Mar 1967 (Median) to Mar 2020, with 637 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 1.420 NA in Sep 1983 and a record low of -1.820 NA in Dec 1974. United States CFNAI: Employment, Unemployment, & Hours data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S007: Chicago Fed National Activity Index. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

This dataset summarizes the impact of federal policy and funding changes on nonprofits, municipalities, and businesses in Connecticut, as reported in the Connecticut Office of Policy and Management's Federal Impact Reporting Tool: https://www.appsvcs.opm.ct.gov/FedImpact

Impacts reported include funding reductions, pauses and delays in accessing funds, as well as employment reductions, and impacts from tariffs.

Additional tables summarizing the incidents by problem experienced and state agency are available at the links below:

Federal Impact Reporting: Incidents by State Agency - https://data.ct.gov/Government/Federal-Impact-Reporting-Incidents-by-State-Agency/9d7b-7key/about_data Federal Impact Reporting: Incidents by Problem Experienced - https://data.ct.gov/Government/Federal-Impact-Reporting-Incidents-by-Problem-Expe/eubu-yyxh/about_data

Duplicate responses to the survey have been removed from this dataset.

More information on the Federal Impact Reporting Tool can be found here: https://portal.ct.gov/governor/news/press-releases/2025/04-2025/governor-lamont-launches-reporting-tool-for-entities-impacted-by-recent-federal-actions

United States BAI: Richmond Fed: Svcs: Nxt 6 Mths: Available Skills data was reported at 21.000 % Point in Apr 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of -6.000 % Point for Mar 2020. United States BAI: Richmond Fed: Svcs: Nxt 6 Mths: Available Skills data is updated monthly, averaging -2.000 % Point from Dec 2010 (Median) to Apr 2020, with 113 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 21.000 % Point in Apr 2020 and a record low of -33.000 % Point in Oct 2018. United States BAI: Richmond Fed: Svcs: Nxt 6 Mths: Available Skills data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S014: Fifth District Survey of Service Sector Activity. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

United States BAI: Richmond Fed: Svcs: Prices Paid data was reported at 3.820 % in Apr 2020. This records an increase from the previous number of 3.280 % for Mar 2020. United States BAI: Richmond Fed: Svcs: Prices Paid data is updated monthly, averaging 2.170 % from Dec 2010 (Median) to Apr 2020, with 113 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 3.990 % in Oct 2018 and a record low of 1.500 % in Nov 2015. United States BAI: Richmond Fed: Svcs: Prices Paid data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S014: Fifth District Survey of Service Sector Activity. [COVID-19-IMPACT]

United States BAI: Richmond Fed: Svcs: Local Conditions data was reported at -84.000 % Point in Apr 2020. This records a decrease from the previous number of -4.000 % Point for Mar 2020. United States BAI: Richmond Fed: Svcs: Local Conditions data is updated monthly, averaging 14.000 % Point from Dec 2010 (Median) to Apr 2020, with 113 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 40.000 % Point in May 2017 and a record low of -84.000 % Point in Apr 2020. United States BAI: Richmond Fed: Svcs: Local Conditions data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond. The data is categorized under Global Database’s United States – Table US.S014: Fifth District Survey of Service Sector Activity. [COVID-19-IMPACT]