The largest reported data leakage as of January 2025 was the Cam4 data breach in March 2020, which exposed more than 10 billion data records. The second-largest data breach in history so far, the Yahoo data breach, occurred in 2013. The company initially reported about one billion exposed data records, but after an investigation, the company updated the number, revealing that three billion accounts were affected. The National Public Data Breach was announced in August 2024. The incident became public when personally identifiable information of individuals became available for sale on the dark web. Overall, the security professionals estimate the leakage of nearly three billion personal records. The next significant data leakage was the March 2018 security breach of India's national ID database, Aadhaar, with over 1.1 billion records exposed. This included biometric information such as identification numbers and fingerprint scans, which could be used to open bank accounts and receive financial aid, among other government services.

Cybercrime - the dark side of digitalization As the world continues its journey into the digital age, corporations and governments across the globe have been increasing their reliance on technology to collect, analyze and store personal data. This, in turn, has led to a rise in the number of cyber crimes, ranging from minor breaches to global-scale attacks impacting billions of users – such as in the case of Yahoo. Within the U.S. alone, 1802 cases of data compromise were reported in 2022. This was a marked increase from the 447 cases reported a decade prior. The high price of data protection As of 2022, the average cost of a single data breach across all industries worldwide stood at around 4.35 million U.S. dollars. This was found to be most costly in the healthcare sector, with each leak reported to have cost the affected party a hefty 10.1 million U.S. dollars. The financial segment followed closely behind. Here, each breach resulted in a loss of approximately 6 million U.S. dollars - 1.5 million more than the global average.

As of June 2025, the most significant data breach incident in the United States was the Yahoo data breach that dates back to 2013-2016. Impacting over three billion online users, this incident still remains one of the most significant data breaches worldwide. The second-biggest case was the January 2021 data breach at Microsoft, involving about 30 thousand companies in the United States and around 60 thousand companies around the world.

In 2024, the number of data compromises in the United States stood at 3,158 cases. Meanwhile, over 1.35 billion individuals were affected in the same year by data compromises, including data breaches, leakage, and exposure. While these are three different events, they have one thing in common. As a result of all three incidents, the sensitive data is accessed by an unauthorized threat actor. Industries most vulnerable to data breaches Some industry sectors usually see more significant cases of private data violations than others. This is determined by the type and volume of the personal information organizations of these sectors store. In 2024 the financial services, healthcare, and professional services were the three industry sectors that recorded most data breaches. Overall, the number of healthcare data breaches in some industry sectors in the United States has gradually increased within the past few years. However, some sectors saw decrease. Largest data exposures worldwide In 2020, an adult streaming website, CAM4, experienced a leakage of nearly 11 billion records. This, by far, is the most extensive reported data leakage. This case, though, is unique because cyber security researchers found the vulnerability before the cyber criminals. The second-largest data breach is the Yahoo data breach, dating back to 2013. The company first reported about one billion exposed records, then later, in 2017, came up with an updated number of leaked records, which was three billion. In March 2018, the third biggest data breach happened, involving India’s national identification database Aadhaar. As a result of this incident, over 1.1 billion records were exposed.

View Data Breach Notification Reports, which include how many breaches are reported each year and the number of affected residents.

During the second quarter of 2025, data breaches exposed more than ** million records worldwide. Since the first quarter of 2020, the highest number of data records were exposed in the third quarter of ****, more than *** billion data sets. Data breaches remain among the biggest concerns of company leaders worldwide. The most common causes of sensitive information loss were operating system vulnerabilities on endpoint devices. Which industries see the most data breaches? Meanwhile, certain conditions make some industry sectors more prone to data breaches than others. According to the latest observations, the public administration experienced the highest number of data breaches between 2021 and 2022. The industry saw *** reported data breach incidents with confirmed data loss. The second were financial institutions, with *** data breach cases, followed by healthcare providers. Data breach cost Data breach incidents have various consequences, the most common impact being financial losses and business disruptions. As of 2023, the average data breach cost across businesses worldwide was **** million U.S. dollars. Meanwhile, a leaked data record cost about *** U.S. dollars. The United States saw the highest average breach cost globally, at **** million U.S. dollars.

• Washington law requires entities impacted by a data breach to notify the Attorney General’s Office (AGO) when more than 500 Washingtonians personal information was compromised as a result of the breach. This dataset breaks out the individual types of breached personal information that were identified in each notice our office received. This data is used to produce the AGO’s Annual Data Breach Report. For additional statistics relating to data breaches, also see the main dataset at: https://data.wa.gov/Consumer-Protection/Data-Breach-Notifications-Affecting-Washington-Res/sb4j-ca4h.

Version 3 with 517M hashes and counts of password usage ordered by most to least prevalent Pwned Passwords are 517,238,891 real world passwords previously exposed in data breaches. This exposure makes them unsuitable for ongoing use as they re at much greater risk of being used to take over other accounts. They re searchable online below as well as being downloadable for use in other online system. The entire set of passwords is downloadable for free below with each password being represented as a SHA-1 hash to protect the original value (some passwords contain personally identifiable information) followed by a count of how many times that password had been seen in the source data breaches. The list may be integrated into other systems and used to verify whether a password has previously appeared in a data breach after which a system may warn the user or even block the password outright.

Washington law requires entities impacted by a data breach to notify the Attorney General’s Office (AGO) when more than 500 Washingtonians personal information was compromised as a result of the breach. This dataset is a collection of various statistics that have been derived from these notices, and is the source of data used to produce the AGO’s Annual Data Breach Report.

The Data Leak Detection Software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the escalating frequency and severity of data breaches across various industries. The rising adoption of cloud computing and the expanding attack surface have heightened the need for proactive security measures. Businesses are increasingly investing in sophisticated solutions to identify and mitigate data leaks before they cause significant damage, impacting reputation, financial stability, and regulatory compliance. While precise market sizing data isn't provided, considering the industry's rapid expansion and the numerous players involved, a reasonable estimate for the 2025 market size could be around $2 billion, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 15% projected through 2033. This growth is fueled by several key trends, including the increasing sophistication of threat actors, the expanding regulatory landscape mandating data protection (e.g., GDPR, CCPA), and the growing awareness among organizations regarding the financial and reputational consequences of data breaches. However, restraints such as high implementation costs, the need for specialized expertise, and the complexity of integrating these solutions into existing security infrastructure pose challenges to market penetration. The competitive landscape is dynamic, with a mix of established players and emerging startups. Companies like BreachSense, ZeroFox, and Recorded Future are making significant contributions, offering diverse solutions ranging from dark web monitoring to vulnerability management and threat intelligence platforms. The market is segmented based on deployment (cloud, on-premise), organization size (SMEs, enterprises), and industry vertical (finance, healthcare, etc.). While precise segment breakdown is unavailable, the financial services and healthcare sectors are expected to dominate due to their stringent regulatory environments and high-value data assets. The forecast period (2025-2033) anticipates continuous growth, driven by ongoing technological advancements, increasing cybersecurity awareness, and the ever-evolving nature of cyber threats. Strategic partnerships, mergers, and acquisitions within the industry will further shape the market's evolution.

Company information such as employee credentials is one of the most common assets online vendors trade illegally on the darknet. According to the source, Zalando.com has suffered thousands of data leakage incidents on the deep web in the 12 months leading up to ********, in which more than ***** employee credentials were compromised. Amazon registered a relatively low number of deep web data leaks, with roughly *** in the last 12 months.

Market Summary of Cloud Security Market:

• The Global Cloud Security market size in 2023 was XX Million. The Cloud Security Industry's compound annual growth rate (CAGR) will be XX% from 2024 to 2031. • The market for cloud security is growing because of the emergence of DevSecOps and Data breaches. • The adoption of these solutions by businesses, particularly small and medium-sized businesses, has been greatly hampered by their high cost. • The AI and data analytics capabilities of the cloud are being heavily utilized by telcos. Operating in extremely dynamic and complicated IT environments with a multitude of software, networks, and devices is what has contributed to the expansion of the IT & telecom market. • North America is expected to have the largest market share in the cloud security market

Market Dynamics of Cloud Security Market:

Key drivers of Cloud Security Market

Data breaches and cyberattacks are driving the cloud security market's rapid growth.

Due to digitalization and technological advancements, the use of the Internet is increasing in all sectors. As the use of the Internet increases, the chances of cyber-attacks increase. There is a large scale of cyberattacks that is causing the loss of private, business, and governmental data all around the world when individuals utilize the Internet to conduct focused, politically driven attacks against cloud IT infrastructure. A cyberattack that targets off-site service platforms that use their cloud architecture to provide computing, storage, or hosting services might be categorized as a cloud cyberattack. This can involve assaults on service platforms that make use of SaaS(software as a service), IaaS (infrastructure as a service), and PaaS (platform as a service) service delivery paradigms. For Example, In March 2020, a cloud cyber assault targeted the adult live-streaming website CAM4, exposing 10.8 billion confidential entries totaling 7 TB of data. Location information, email addresses, IP addresses, payment logs, usernames, and more were all included in the compromised database. (Source:https://cisomag.com/adult-website-data-leak/) The growing number of organizational data breaches and leaks is driving the cloud security market. Data in the cloud is more vulnerable to hackers than data on corporate computers. For Instance, Microsoft revealed in 2020, that in December 2019 breach in one of their cloud databases exposed 250 million entries, including IP addresses, email addresses, and support case information. The computer giant claims that a poorly designed network server that was storing the important data was the root cause of this data breach. Despite not being the largest, the high-profile target made it one of the most startling clouds cyberattacks. (Source:https://www.forbes.com/sites/daveywinder/2020/01/22/microsoft-security-shocker-as-250-million-customer-records-exposed-online/?sh=693f59f04d1b)Thus, The cloud service model enhances the dangers and security challenges associated with cloud computing systems by exposing information and offering customers a variety of services. Data loss in cloud computing is a basic security issue. Hackers from both inside and external staff may gain unauthorized or purposeful access to the data. Such setups can be targets for external hackers who utilize hacking tactics like eavesdropping and hijacking to get access to databases. Additionally, malicious programs like Trojan horses which are a kind of malicious software that infiltrates a computer under the guise of an authentic application, and viruses are added to cloud services. Therefore, to put in place a system with stronger security features, it is vital to detect potential cloud risks and protect against such breaches with good cloud security.

The market for cloud security is growing because of the emergence of DevSecOps.

As more businesses shift their apps and IT infrastructure to the cloud, cloud security is becoming more and more crucial. DevSecOps which is development, security, and operation automation is becoming popular among many enterprises as a means of guaranteeing the best possible cloud security. DevSecOps automation incorporates security into every phase of the development lifecycle, from code generation to deployment and maintenance. DevSecOps helps ...

The online privacy protection service market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing cyber threats, stringent data privacy regulations (like GDPR and CCPA), and rising consumer awareness of data breaches. The market, currently valued at approximately $25 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033. This significant expansion is fueled by several key factors. The proliferation of connected devices and the increasing reliance on online services for personal and professional activities have heightened vulnerability to data breaches and identity theft. Consequently, demand for comprehensive privacy protection solutions, including credit monitoring, identity theft protection, and other security services, is surging. Furthermore, the BFSI (Banking, Financial Services, and Insurance) and government sectors are major drivers, investing heavily in robust security measures to safeguard sensitive customer and citizen data. The market segmentation reveals a strong preference for credit and ID monitoring services, indicating a focus on mitigating financial and reputational risks. While North America currently holds the largest market share, owing to high technological adoption and awareness, regions like Asia-Pacific are exhibiting rapid growth, fueled by increasing internet penetration and rising disposable incomes. However, challenges remain, including the complexities of evolving cyber threats and the need for continuous innovation to stay ahead of sophisticated attackers. The market's competitive landscape is diverse, with established players like NortonLifeLock, Experian, and Equifax alongside emerging technology providers and cloud platforms. Future growth will likely be influenced by advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for threat detection, the development of more user-friendly and integrated solutions, and the continuing evolution of data privacy regulations globally.

The Dark Web Monitoring Threat Intelligence Service market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the escalating sophistication and frequency of cyberattacks leveraging the dark web. The increasing reliance on digital infrastructure across various sectors, coupled with the expanding volume of sensitive data exposed online, fuels the demand for proactive threat intelligence solutions. While precise market sizing data is unavailable, considering the average CAGR for similar cybersecurity services (let's assume a conservative 15% based on industry reports), and a 2025 market value around $2 billion (a reasonable estimate given the high demand and existing players), we can project significant expansion over the forecast period (2025-2033). Key drivers include the rising adoption of cloud technologies, the increasing prevalence of ransomware attacks, and stringent regulatory compliance mandates demanding robust cybersecurity measures. The market is segmented by service type (monitoring, threat intelligence, incident response), deployment model (cloud, on-premises), and industry vertical (finance, healthcare, government). Major trends include the integration of AI and machine learning for advanced threat detection and analysis, the increasing focus on proactive threat hunting, and the growing demand for automated threat response capabilities. Restraining factors include the high cost of implementation and maintenance, the shortage of skilled cybersecurity professionals, and the complexity of integrating dark web monitoring tools with existing security infrastructure. Leading companies like Flare, StealthMole, Redscan, and others are actively competing, innovating to offer comprehensive solutions combining dark web monitoring with threat intelligence and incident response capabilities. The market’s growth trajectory strongly suggests a continued expansion, with substantial opportunities for established players and new entrants in the coming years. The continued rise in cybercrime and the increased awareness of the risks posed by the dark web are driving this growth and setting the stage for sustained market evolution.

The online privacy protection service market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing cyber threats, stringent data privacy regulations (like GDPR and CCPA), and heightened consumer awareness of data breaches. The market, estimated at $50 billion in 2025, is projected to maintain a healthy Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $150 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key trends: the rising adoption of cloud-based services (creating larger attack surfaces), the proliferation of connected devices (increasing vulnerability points), and the growing sophistication of cyberattacks targeting personal and sensitive data. Major players like NortonLifeLock, McAfee, and Experian are leading the market, constantly innovating with advanced threat detection, data encryption, and identity theft protection services. However, the market faces restraints such as the high cost of implementing robust security solutions, the complexity of navigating privacy regulations across different jurisdictions, and the challenge of educating consumers about the importance of online privacy and security. Segmentation within the market includes individual consumer services, enterprise solutions for businesses, and specialized offerings focusing on specific data types like financial or medical information. The market shows significant regional variations, with North America and Europe currently dominating, but rapid growth is anticipated in Asia-Pacific and other emerging regions. The competitive landscape is dynamic, with established players facing competition from agile startups offering innovative solutions and cloud-based providers integrating security features into their existing platforms. The market’s future growth relies heavily on continued advancements in AI-powered threat detection, improved user-friendliness of security software, and increased collaboration between technology providers, governments, and consumers to promote a safer online environment. Success will hinge on companies that effectively balance robust security features with ease of use and affordability, particularly as consumer demand for comprehensive and intuitive privacy protection solutions continues to grow.

Passwords that were leaked or stolen from sites. The Rockyou Dataset is about 14 million passwords.

Between the third quarter of 2024 and the second quarter of 2025, the number of records exposed in data breaches in the United States decreased significantly. In the most recent measured period, over **** million records were reported as leaked, down from around ****** million in the third quarter of 2024.

The Identity Theft Protection and Monitoring Services market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing cyber threats and data breaches globally. While precise market sizing data wasn't provided, considering the involvement of major players like NortonLifeLock, Experian, and Equifax, a reasonable estimate for the 2025 market size could be in the range of $15 billion to $20 billion USD. This market is projected to maintain a healthy Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), likely between 10% and 15% over the forecast period (2025-2033). Key drivers include rising concerns about online privacy and security, the increasing sophistication of cyberattacks, and the growing adoption of digital transactions. Furthermore, government regulations mandating stronger data protection are further fueling market expansion. Trends such as the integration of AI-powered threat detection, multi-layered security solutions, and the expansion of dark web monitoring services are reshaping the competitive landscape. However, factors like the high cost of comprehensive protection plans and consumer awareness gaps represent market restraints. Segmentation within this market likely includes services focused on individuals, families, and businesses, each with different pricing models and features. The market's geographical distribution shows strong growth potential across North America and Europe, particularly as digital adoption rates continue to accelerate in developing economies. The competitive landscape is dominated by established players, but opportunities also exist for specialized providers offering innovative solutions. Future growth will be contingent upon the continual improvement of detection technologies, enhanced user experience through mobile-friendly interfaces and streamlined processes, and a sustained focus on consumer education and awareness of identity theft risks. The market’s future trajectory suggests a significant expansion, influenced by ever-increasing reliance on digital infrastructure and ongoing threats of data exploitation. The ongoing evolution of cybersecurity threats underscores the critical need for robust and proactive identity theft protection, cementing the long-term growth outlook for this market sector.

Overview This dataset is a comprehensive, easy-to-understand collection of cybersecurity incidents, threats, and vulnerabilities, designed to help both beginners and experts explore the world of digital security. It covers a wide range of modern cybersecurity challenges, from everyday web attacks to cutting-edge threats in artificial intelligence (AI), satellites, and quantum computing. Whether you're a student, a security professional, a researcher, or just curious about cybersecurity, this dataset offers a clear and structured way to learn about how cyber attacks happen, what they target, and how to defend against them.

With 14134 entries and 15 columns, this dataset provides detailed insights into 26 distinct cybersecurity domains, making it a valuable tool for understanding the evolving landscape of digital threats. It’s perfect for anyone looking to study cyber risks, develop strategies to protect systems, or build tools to detect and prevent attacks.

What’s in the Dataset? The dataset is organized into 16 columns that describe each cybersecurity incident or research scenario in detail:

ID: A unique number for each entry (e.g., 1, 2, 3). Title: A short, descriptive name of the attack or scenario (e.g., "Authentication Bypass via SQL Injection"). Category: The main cybersecurity area, like Mobile Security, Satellite Security, or AI Exploits. Attack Type: The specific kind of attack, such as SQL Injection, Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), or GPS Spoofing. Scenario Description: A plain-language explanation of how the attack works or what the scenario involves. Tools Used: Software or tools used to carry out or test the attack (e.g., Burp Suite, SQLMap, GNURadio). Attack Steps: A step-by-step breakdown of how the attack is performed, written clearly for all audiences. Target Type: The system or technology attacked, like web apps, satellites, or login forms. Vulnerability: The weakness that makes the attack possible (e.g., unfiltered user input or weak encryption). MITRE Technique: A code from the MITRE ATT&CK framework, linking the attack to a standard classification (e.g., T1190 for exploiting public-facing apps). Impact: What could happen if the attack succeeds, like data theft, system takeover, or financial loss. Detection Method: Ways to spot the attack, such as checking logs or monitoring unusual activity. Solution: Practical steps to prevent or fix the issue, like using secure coding or stronger encryption. Tags: Keywords to help search and categorize entries (e.g., SQLi, WebSecurity, SatelliteSpoofing). Source: Where the information comes from, like OWASP, MITRE ATT&CK, or Space-ISAC.

Cybersecurity Domains Covered The dataset organizes cybersecurity into 26 key areas:

AI / ML Security

AI Agents & LLM Exploits

AI Data Leakage & Privacy Risks

Automotive / Cyber-Physical Systems

Blockchain / Web3 Security

Blue Team (Defense & SOC)

Browser Security

Cloud Security

DevSecOps & CI/CD Security

Email & Messaging Protocol Exploits

Forensics & Incident Response

Insider Threats

IoT / Embedded Devices

Mobile Security

Network Security

Operating System Exploits

Physical / Hardware Attacks

Quantum Cryptography & Post-Quantum Threats

Red Team Operations

Satellite & Space Infrastructure Security

SCADA / ICS (Industrial Systems)

Supply Chain Attacks

Virtualization & Container Security

Web Application Security

Wireless Attacks

Zero-Day Research / Fuzzing

Why Is This Dataset Important? Cybersecurity is more critical than ever as our world relies on technology for everything from banking to space exploration. This dataset is a one-stop resource to understand:

What threats exist: From simple web attacks to complex satellite hacks. How attacks work: Clear explanations of how hackers exploit weaknesses. How to stay safe: Practical solutions to prevent or stop attacks. Future risks: Insight into emerging threats like AI manipulation or quantum attacks. It’s a bridge between technical details and real-world applications, making cybersecurity accessible to everyone.

Potential Uses This dataset can be used in many ways, whether you’re a beginner or an expert:

Learning and Education: Students can explore how cyber attacks work and how to defend against them. Threat Intelligence: Security teams can identify common attack patterns and prepare better defenses. Security Planning: Businesses and governments can use it to prioritize protection for critical systems like satellites or cloud infrastructure. Machine Learning: Data scientists can train models to detect threats or predict vulnerabilities. Incident Response Training: Practice responding to cyber incidents, from web hacks to satellite tampering.

Ethical Considerations Purpose: The dataset is for educational and research purposes only, to help improve cybersecurity knowledge and de...

The identity protection services market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the escalating frequency and sophistication of cyberattacks and data breaches. The increasing reliance on digital platforms for personal and financial transactions has heightened vulnerability to identity theft, fueling demand for comprehensive protection solutions. This market, estimated at $15 billion in 2025, is projected to maintain a healthy Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 12% through 2033, reaching approximately $45 billion by the end of the forecast period. Key drivers include the rising adoption of cloud-based services, the expanding use of IoT devices, and the growing awareness among consumers regarding the importance of safeguarding their personal information. Furthermore, the increasing regulatory pressure on businesses to protect consumer data is also contributing to market expansion. Market segmentation is largely driven by service type (e.g., credit monitoring, dark web monitoring, identity restoration), user type (individuals, businesses), and deployment mode (cloud-based, on-premise). Major players like LifeLock (Symantec), Experian, Equifax, TransUnion, and FICO dominate the market landscape, leveraging their extensive data infrastructure and established brand reputation. However, the market also sees competition from emerging players offering specialized solutions or focusing on niche customer segments. While the market faces constraints such as high initial costs for certain services and occasional concerns about data privacy, the continuous evolution of cyber threats and the ongoing expansion of digital transactions are expected to overcome these challenges, leading to continued strong market expansion in the coming years.