This dataset is about books. It has 1 row and is filtered where the book is Data mining techniques in CRM : inside customer segmentation. It features 7 columns including author, publication date, language, and book publisher.

Open access platforms and retail websites have one thing in common: they are trying to present the most relevant offerings possible to their patrons. Retail websites – such as Amazon.com – de-ploy recommender systems based on data collected about their customers. These systems im-prove with the amount of data available: the more is known about the customers, the better it can predict what other merchandise will appeal.Recommender systems are successful, but using open access platforms to track people is not ac-ceptable. Therefore, a different solution is needed. Compared to retail websites, open access plat-forms have an unique advantage: they are able to use the complete contents of the publications they host. So, the question arises if it is possible to create a recommender system based on the contents of freely available documents, instead of personal data.The solution described in this paper is based on standard open source software. It is built using a combination of DSpace 6 and the R programming language. The open access platform – based on DSpace 6 – is the OAPEN Library; the data set used consists of nearly 11,000 open access books and chapters. The OAPEN Library enables data extraction through an API (application programming in-terface). A text mining algorithm written in the R programming language uses the full text of the publications and filters out the most common combinations of three words (trigrams). The next step is finding the publications that have one of more trigrams in common. The more trigrams two books or chapters share, the more closer they are 'connected'. This allows us not just to find relat-ed titles for each publication, but also to quantify how closely they are connected. Date: 2021-02-24 Date Submitted: 2021-02-24

The Large-scale International Study shows comparative availability and terms for a much larger sample of almost 100,000 books across those same five jurisdictions.

Many existing complex space systems have a significant amount of historical maintenance and problem data bases that are stored in unstructured text forms. The problem that we address in this paper is the discovery of recurring anomalies and relationships between problem reports that may indicate larger systemic problems. We will illustrate our techniques on data from discrepancy reports regarding software anomalies in the Space Shuttle. These free text reports are written by a number of different people, thus the emphasis and wording vary considerably. With Mehran Sahami from Stanford University, I'm putting together a book on text mining called "Text Mining: Theory and Applications" to be published by Taylor and Francis.

Quantum Tunnel TweetsThe data set contains tweets sourced from @quantum_tunnel and @dt_science as a demo for classifying text using Naive Bayes. The demo is detailed in the book Data Science and Analytics with Python by Dr J Rogel-Salazar.Data contents:Train_QuantumTunnel_Tweets.csv: Labelled tweets for text related to "Data Science" with three features:DataScience: [0/1] indicating whether the text is about "Data Science" or not.Date: Date when the tweet was publishedTweet: Text of the tweetTest_QuantumTunnel_Tweets.csv: Testing data with twitter utterances withouth labels:id: A unique identifier for tweetsDate: Date when the tweet was publishedTweet: Text for the tweetFor further information, please get in touch with Dr J Rogel-Salazar.

Norway NO: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Mining and Quarrying data was reported at 67,497.000 NOK mn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 91,031.000 NOK mn for 2022. Norway NO: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Mining and Quarrying data is updated yearly, averaging 41,461.000 NOK mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 91,031.000 NOK mn in 2022 and a record low of 3,216.000 NOK mn in 2016. Norway NO: Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: Total: Mining and Quarrying data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Norway – Table NO.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment:Reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) is treated as portfolio investment. A survey is underway to evaluate the importance of reverse investment in equity. Netting of reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for listed outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Book values. Valuation method used for unlisted inward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Book value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are partially covered. Collective investment institutions are partially covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Mining and Quarrying data was reported at 42.374 USD bn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 47.942 USD bn for 2022. South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Mining and Quarrying data is updated yearly, averaging 35.209 USD bn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 47.942 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 30.375 USD bn in 2013. South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Mining and Quarrying data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Korea – Table KR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows, Book values. Valuation method used for inward debt positions: Nominal value. Valuation method used for outward debt positions: Market value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationship (FDIR). Fellow enterprises are partially covered in FDI transactions and positions. However given the reporting treshold, almost all of the value of transactions of fellows are covered in the statistics. Collective investment institutions are included as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are included as direct investors (outward FDI transactions and positions). FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: USD: Total: Mining and Quarrying data was reported at -2.013 USD mn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2021. South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: USD: Total: Mining and Quarrying data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2022, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.664 USD mn in 2015 and a record low of -2.013 USD mn in 2022. South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: USD: Total: Mining and Quarrying data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Korea – Table KR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: USD: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows, Book values. Valuation method used for inward debt positions: Nominal value. Valuation method used for outward debt positions: Market value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationship (FDIR). Fellow enterprises are partially covered in FDI transactions and positions. However given the reporting treshold, almost all of the value of transactions of fellows are covered in the statistics. Collective investment institutions are included as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are included as direct investors (outward FDI transactions and positions). FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Two Datasets: works_published and works_cited for year 2020 from OpenAlex database.Check license https://github.com/ourresearch/openalex-docs/blob/main/license.md "OpenAlex data is made available under the CC0 license. That means it's in the public domain, and free to use in any way you like. We appreciate attribution where it's convenient, but it's not at all necessary. There is one exception: the MAG Format snapshot is released under ODC-BY, as per the original MAG license applied by Microsoft (it reuses their schema). See the LICENSE.txt file in the MAG format snapshot distribution for attribution requirement details."Data Quality Considerations:OpenAlex has improved the accuracy of the data with helps from algorithms and institutions.Our current data quality assessment showed the precision and recall 95%+.The first dataset "works_published", as constructed in the provided sources, refers to the publications authored by individuals affiliated with the University of Arizona (UArizona). The data is retrieved using the OpenAlexR package by querying the OpenAlex database with UArizona's Research Organization Registry (ROR) ID (03m2x1q45) and specific publication date ranges. Key aspects of this dataset:Scope: It contains records of scholarly works associated with UArizona authors, including various publication types such as journals, repositories (like PubMed and arXiv), and others. It is also possible to filter the results to include only "journal" type publications using the primary_location.source.type = "journal" parameter in the oa_fetch function.Temporal Coverage: The sources demonstrate fetching data for specific years (e.g., 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023).Data Retrieval: The process involves using the oa_fetch function from the openalexR package with the entity="works" parameter and specifying the institutions.ror.Data Structure: Each record in this dataset represents a publication and includes various fields. Certain fields are data frames.Usage: This dataset is used as a starting point for various data analyses and data mining.The second dataset "works_cited", refers to scholarly works cited by the publications within the works_published dataset. It is created by extracting the OpenAlex IDs from the $referenced_works field of the works_published data and then using the oa_fetch function to retrieve the full metadata for these cited works. Key aspects of this dataset:Scope: It includes metadata for a wide range of scholarly works that have been cited by UArizona-affiliated publications. This can encompass articles, books, preprints, book chapters, and other types of scholarly outputs.Data Derivation: The dataset is derived from the referenced_works field of the works_published dataset.Data Structure: Each record in this dataset represents a cited work and contains various fields retrieved by the OpenAlex API.The third file (institution_publications.r) is the source code to get the above dataset.Note the code retrieves additional years in addition to 2020.Usage: Both datasets are crucial for performing publication and citation analysis and mining, including:Identifying the most frequently cited works and journals.Analyzing the journal usage and publisher distribution of cited works.Understanding the scholarly landscape influencing UArizona research.Identifying potential resources for library collections based on citation frequency.Investigating the presence and frequency of citations from specific publishers or to specific works.For inquiries regarding the contents of this dataset, please contact the Corresponding Author listed in the README.txt file. Administrative inquiries (e.g., removal requests, trouble downloading, etc.) can be directed to data-management@arizona.eduThis item is part of University of Arizona authors' scholarly works published and cited works

South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Mining and Quarrying data was reported at -768.466 USD mn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of -728.950 USD mn for 2021. South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Mining and Quarrying data is updated yearly, averaging -768.466 USD mn from Dec 2014 (Median) to 2022, with 9 observations. The data reached an all-time high of -18.261 USD mn in 2018 and a record low of -5.338 USD bn in 2015. South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: Total: Mining and Quarrying data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Korea – Table KR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows, Book values. Valuation method used for inward debt positions: Nominal value. Valuation method used for outward debt positions: Market value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationship (FDIR). Fellow enterprises are partially covered in FDI transactions and positions. However given the reporting treshold, almost all of the value of transactions of fellows are covered in the statistics. Collective investment institutions are included as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are included as direct investors (outward FDI transactions and positions). FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

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"The ultimate takedown." New York Times Book Review

Award-winning New York Times reporters Sheera Frenkel and Cecilia Kang unveil the tech story of our times in a riveting, behind-the-scenes expose that offers the definitive account of Facebook's fall from grace.

Once one of Silicon Valley's greatest success stories, Facebook has been under constant fire for the past five years, roiled by controversies and crises. It turns out that while the tech giant was connecting the world, they were also mishandling users' data, spreading fake news, and amplifying dangerous, polarizing hate speech.

The company, many said, had simply lost its way. But the truth is far more complex. Leadership decisions enabled, and then attempted to deflect attention from, the crises. Time after time, Facebook's engineers were instructed to create tools that encouraged people to spend as much time on the platform as possible, even as those same tools boosted inflammatory rhetoric, conspiracy theories, and partisan filter bubbles. And while consumers and lawmakers focused their outrage on privacy breaches and misinformation, Facebook solidified its role as the world's most voracious data-mining machine, posting record profits, and shoring up its dominance via aggressive lobbying efforts.

Drawing on their unrivaled sources, Sheera Frenkel and Cecilia Kang take readers inside the complex court politics, alliances and rivalries within the company to shine a light on the fatal cracks in the architecture of the tech behemoth. Their explosive, exclusive reporting led them to a shocking conclusion: The missteps of the last five years were not an anomaly but an inevitability this is how Facebook was built to perform. In a period of great upheaval, growth has remained the one constant under the leadership of Mark Zuckerberg and Sheryl Sandberg. Both have been held up as archetypes of uniquely 21^st century executives he the tech boy genius turned billionaire, she the ultimate woman in business, an inspiration to millions through her books and speeches. But sealed off in tight circles of advisers and hobbled by their own ambition and hubris, each has stood by as their technology is coopted by hate-mongers, criminals and corrupt political regimes across the globe, with devastating consequences. In An Ugly Truth, they are at last held accountable.

ISBN: 9780062960696 Published: July 21st, 2021 By: Sheera Frankel, Cecilia Kang Read by: Holter Graham

©2021 Frankel, Kang (P)2021 HarperAudio

Uranium 2020: Resources, Production and DemandTable 1.2b. Identified resources (in situ)**(as of 1 January 2019, tonnes U, rounded to nearest 100 tonnes)* Secretariat estimate. (a) Not reported in 2019 responses, data from previous Red Book. (b) Assessment partially made within the last five years. (c) Assessment not made within the last five years. (d) Recoverable resources were adjusted by the Secretariat to estimate in situ resources using recovery factors provided by countries or estimated by the Secretariat according to the expected production method (Appendix 3). (e) Cost data not provided, therefore resources are reported in the <USD 260/kgU category. (f) Recovery factor change from previous report. (g) Totals related to cost ranges <USD 40/kgU and <USD 80/kgU should be regarded with some caution since certain countries do not report low-cost resource estimates, mainly for reasons of confidentiality, whereas other countries that have never, or notrecently hosted uranium mining, may be underestimating mining costs.

Costa Rica Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: USD: Total: Mining and Quarrying data was reported at 266.722 USD mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 266.722 USD mn for 2022. Costa Rica Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: USD: Total: Mining and Quarrying data is updated yearly, averaging 262.865 USD mn from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2023, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 266.722 USD mn in 2023 and a record low of 225.528 USD mn in 2017. Costa Rica Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: USD: Total: Mining and Quarrying data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Costa Rica – Table CR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: USD: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positionsTreatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). Resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) do not exist or are not significant and are recorded as zero in the FDI database. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Book value. .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to a partial application of the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are covered. Non-profit institutions serving households are not covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward and outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise/direct investor. Outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Costa Rica Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: Outward: USD: Total: Mining and Quarrying data was reported at 0.000 USD mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.000 USD mn for 2022. Costa Rica Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: Outward: USD: Total: Mining and Quarrying data is updated yearly, averaging 0.000 USD mn from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2023, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 0.000 USD mn in 2023 and a record low of 0.000 USD mn in 2023. Costa Rica Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: Outward: USD: Total: Mining and Quarrying data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Costa Rica – Table CR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: USD: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positionsTreatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). Resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) do not exist or are not significant and are recorded as zero in the FDI database. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Book value. .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to a partial application of the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are covered. Non-profit institutions serving households are not covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward and outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise/direct investor. Outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

KR: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas: Mining Support Service Activities data was reported at 25.251 USD bn in 2023. This records a decrease from the previous number of 36.418 USD bn for 2022. KR: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas: Mining Support Service Activities data is updated yearly, averaging 26.667 USD bn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 36.418 USD bn in 2022 and a record low of 22.735 USD bn in 2013. KR: Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: Total: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas: Mining Support Service Activities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Korea – Table KR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows, Book values. Valuation method used for inward debt positions: Nominal value. Valuation method used for outward debt positions: Market value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationship (FDIR). Fellow enterprises are partially covered in FDI transactions and positions. However given the reporting treshold, almost all of the value of transactions of fellows are covered in the statistics. Collective investment institutions are included as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are included as direct investors (outward FDI transactions and positions). FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: USD: Total: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas: Mining Support Service Activities data was reported at 0.536 USD mn in 2022. This stayed constant from the previous number of 0.536 USD mn for 2021. South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: USD: Total: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas: Mining Support Service Activities data is updated yearly, averaging 2.943 USD mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2022, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 50.654 USD mn in 2013 and a record low of 0.536 USD mn in 2022. South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Position: Inward: USD: Total: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas: Mining Support Service Activities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Korea – Table KR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: USD: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows, Book values. Valuation method used for inward debt positions: Nominal value. Valuation method used for outward debt positions: Market value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationship (FDIR). Fellow enterprises are partially covered in FDI transactions and positions. However given the reporting treshold, almost all of the value of transactions of fellows are covered in the statistics. Collective investment institutions are included as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are included as direct investors (outward FDI transactions and positions). FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: USD: Total: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas: Mining Support Service Activities data was reported at -1.780 USD bn in 2022. This records a decrease from the previous number of -1.634 USD bn for 2021. South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: USD: Total: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas: Mining Support Service Activities data is updated yearly, averaging -1.676 USD bn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2022, with 10 observations. The data reached an all-time high of -347.656 USD mn in 2018 and a record low of -3.520 USD bn in 2015. South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Income: Outward: USD: Total: Extraction of Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas: Mining Support Service Activities data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Korea – Table KR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: USD: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows, Book values. Valuation method used for inward debt positions: Nominal value. Valuation method used for outward debt positions: Market value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationship (FDIR). Fellow enterprises are partially covered in FDI transactions and positions. However given the reporting treshold, almost all of the value of transactions of fellows are covered in the statistics. Collective investment institutions are included as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are included as direct investors (outward FDI transactions and positions). FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: Inward: USD: Total: Mining and Quarrying data was reported at 13.783 USD mn in 2023. This records an increase from the previous number of -2.013 USD mn for 2022. South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: Inward: USD: Total: Mining and Quarrying data is updated yearly, averaging 1.583 USD mn from Dec 2013 (Median) to 2023, with 11 observations. The data reached an all-time high of 13.783 USD mn in 2023 and a record low of -4.370 USD mn in 2014. South Korea Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: Inward: USD: Total: Mining and Quarrying data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s South Korea – Table KR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Financial Flows: USD: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series excluding resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted outward equity positions: Own funds at book value, Accumulation of FDI equity flows, Book values. Valuation method used for inward debt positions: Nominal value. Valuation method used for outward debt positions: Market value.; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationship (FDIR). Fellow enterprises are partially covered in FDI transactions and positions. However given the reporting treshold, almost all of the value of transactions of fellows are covered in the statistics. Collective investment institutions are included as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are included as direct investors (outward FDI transactions and positions). FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI positions are allocated according to the activity of the non resident direct investment enterprise. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Ireland Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: USD: Total: Mining and Quarrying data was reported at -55.147 USD mn in 2023. Ireland Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: USD: Total: Mining and Quarrying data is updated yearly, averaging -55.147 USD mn from Dec 2023 (Median) to 2023, with 1 observations. The data reached an all-time high of -55.147 USD mn in 2023 and a record low of -55.147 USD mn in 2023. Ireland Foreign Direct Investment Income: Inward: USD: Total: Mining and Quarrying data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Ireland – Table IE.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Income: USD: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positions. Treatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). FDI transactions and positions by partner country and/or by industry are available excluding and including resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs). The dataset 'FDI statistics by parner country and by industry - Summary' contains series including resident SPEs only. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Market value, Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Own funds at book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Market value .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are not excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are completely covered. Collective investment institutions are not covered as direct investment enterprises. Non-profit institutions serving households are covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise. Outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Statistical unit: Enterprise.

Costa Rica Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: USD: Total: Mining and Quarrying data was reported at -9.312 USD mn in 2023. This stayed constant from the previous number of -9.312 USD mn for 2022. Costa Rica Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: USD: Total: Mining and Quarrying data is updated yearly, averaging -9.312 USD mn from Dec 2017 (Median) to 2023, with 7 observations. The data reached an all-time high of -8.428 USD mn in 2017 and a record low of -9.323 USD mn in 2021. Costa Rica Foreign Direct Investment Position: Outward: USD: Total: Mining and Quarrying data remains active status in CEIC and is reported by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The data is categorized under Global Database’s Costa Rica – Table CR.OECD.FDI: Foreign Direct Investment Position: USD: by Industry: OECD Member: Annual. Reverse investment: Netting of reverse investment in equity (when a direct investment enterprise acquires less than 10% equity ownership in its parent) and reverse investment in debt (when a direct investment enterprise extends a loan to its parent) is applied in the recording of total inward and outward FDI transactions and positionsTreatment of debt FDI transactions and positions between fellow enterprises: directional basis according to the residency of the ultimate controlling parent (extended directional principle). Resident Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) do not exist or are not significant and are recorded as zero in the FDI database. Valuation method used for listed inward and outward equity positions: Book value. Valuation method used for unlisted inward and outward equity positions: Book value. Valuation method used for inward and outward debt positions: Book value. .; FDI statistics are available by geographic allocation, vis-à-vis single partner countries worldwide and geographical and economic zones aggregates. Partner country allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Geographic allocation of inward and outward FDI transactions and positions is according to the immediate counterparty. Intercompany debt between related financial intermediaries, including permanent debt, are excluded from FDI transactions and positions. Direct investment relationships are identified according to a partial application of the criteria of the Framework for Direct Investment Relationships (FDIR) method. Debt between fellow enterprises are covered. Non-profit institutions serving households are not covered as direct investors. FDI statistics are available by industry sectors according to ISIC4 classification. Industry sector allocation can be subject to confidentiality restrictions. Inward and outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated to the activity of the resident direct investment enterprise/direct investor. Outward FDI transactions and positions are allocated according to the activity of the resident direct investor. Statistical unit: Enterprise.