The purpose of data mining analysis is always to find patterns of the data using certain kind of techiques such as classification or regression. It is not always feasible to apply classification algorithms directly to dataset. Before doing any work on the data, the data has to be pre-processed and this process normally involves feature selection and dimensionality reduction. We tried to use clustering as a way to reduce the dimension of the data and create new features. Based on our project, after using clustering prior to classification, the performance has not improved much. The reason why it has not improved could be the features we selected to perform clustering are not well suited for it. Because of the nature of the data, classification tasks are going to provide more information to work with in terms of improving knowledge and overall performance metrics. From the dimensionality reduction perspective: It is different from Principle Component Analysis which guarantees finding the best linear transformation that reduces the number of dimensions with a minimum loss of information. Using clusters as a technique of reducing the data dimension will lose a lot of information since clustering techniques are based a metric of 'distance'. At high dimensions euclidean distance loses pretty much all meaning. Therefore using clustering as a "Reducing" dimensionality by mapping data points to cluster numbers is not always good since you may lose almost all the information. From the creating new features perspective: Clustering analysis creates labels based on the patterns of the data, it brings uncertainties into the data. By using clustering prior to classification, the decision on the number of clusters will highly affect the performance of the clustering, then affect the performance of classification. If the part of features we use clustering techniques on is very suited for it, it might increase the overall performance on classification. For example, if the features we use k-means on are numerical and the dimension is small, the overall classification performance may be better. We did not lock in the clustering outputs using a random_state in the effort to see if they were stable. Our assumption was that if the results vary highly from run to run which they definitely did, maybe the data just does not cluster well with the methods selected at all. Basically, the ramification we saw was that our results are not much better than random when applying clustering to the data preprocessing. Finally, it is important to ensure a feedback loop is in place to continuously collect the same data in the same format from which the models were created. This feedback loop can be used to measure the model real world effectiveness and also to continue to revise the models from time to time as things change.

Technological advances in mass spectrometry (MS) toward more accurate and faster data acquisition result in highly informative but also more complex data sets. Especially the hyphenation of liquid chromatography (LC) and MS yields large data files containing a high amount of compound specific information. Using electrospray-ionization for compounds such as polymers enables highly sensitive detection, yet results in very complex spectra, containing multiply charged ions and adducts. Recent years have seen the development of novel or updated data mining strategies to reduce the MS spectra complexity and to ultimately simplify the data analysis workflow. Among other techniques, the Kendrick mass defect analysis, which graphically highlights compounds containing a given repeating unit, has been revitalized with applications in multiple fields of study, such as lipids and polymers. Especially for the latter, various data mining concepts have been developed, which extend regular Kendrick mass defect analysis to multiply charged ion series. The aim of this work is to collect and subsequently implement these concepts in one of the most popular open-source MS data mining software, i.e., MZmine 2, to make them rapidly available for different MS based measurement techniques and various vendor formats, with a special focus on hyphenated techniques such as LC–MS. In combination with already existing data mining modules, an example data set was processed and simplified, enabling an ever faster evaluation and polymer characterization.

The SPHERE is students' performance in physics education research dataset. It is presented as a multi-domain learning dataset of students’ performance on physics that has been collected through several research-based assessments (RBAs) established by the physics education research (PER) community. A total of 497 eleventh-grade students were involved from three large and a small public high school located in a suburban district of a high-populated province in Indonesia. Some variables related to demographics, accessibility to literature resources, and students’ physics identity are also investigated. Some RBAs utilized in this data were selected based on concepts learned by the students in the Indonesian physics curriculum. We commenced the survey of students’ understanding on Newtonian mechanics at the end of the first semester using Force Concept Inventory (FCI) and Force and Motion Conceptual Evaluation (FMCE). In the second semester, we assessed the students’ scientific abilities and learning attitude through Scientific Abilities Assessment Rubrics (SAAR) and the Colorado Learning Attitudes about Science Survey (CLASS) respectively. The conceptual assessments were continued at the second semester measured through Rotational and Rolling Motion Conceptual Survey (RRMCS), Fluid Mechanics Concept Inventory (FMCI), Mechanical Waves Conceptual Survey (MWCS), Thermal Concept Evaluation (TCE), and Survey of Thermodynamic Processes and First and Second Laws (STPFaSL). We expect SPHERE could be a valuable dataset for supporting the advancement of the PER field particularly in quantitative studies. For example, there is a need to help advance research on using machine learning and data mining techniques in PER that might face challenges due to the unavailable dataset for the specific purpose of PER studies. SPHERE can be reused as a students’ performance dataset on physics specifically dedicated for PER scholars which might be willing to implement machine learning techniques in physics education.

Performance evaluations of the test set using the training set.

High-throughput screening (HTS) experiments provide a valuable resource that reports biological activity of numerous chemical compounds relative to their molecular targets. Building computational models that accurately predict such activity status (active vs. inactive) in specific assays is a challenging task given the large volume of data and frequently small proportion of active compounds relative to the inactive ones. We developed a method, DRAMOTE, to predict activity status of chemical compounds in HTP activity assays. For a class of HTP assays, our method achieves considerably better results than the current state-of-the-art-solutions. We achieved this by modification of a minority oversampling technique. To demonstrate that DRAMOTE is performing better than the other methods, we performed a comprehensive comparison analysis with several other methods and evaluated them on data from 11 PubChem assays through 1,350 experiments that involved approximately 500,000 interactions between chemicals and their target proteins. As an example of potential use, we applied DRAMOTE to develop robust models for predicting FDA approved drugs that have high probability to interact with the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) in humans. Our findings are further partially and indirectly supported by 3D docking results and literature information. The results based on approximately 500,000 interactions suggest that DRAMOTE has performed the best and that it can be used for developing robust virtual screening models. The datasets and implementation of all solutions are available as a MATLAB toolbox online at www.cbrc.kaust.edu.sa/dramote

According to Cognitive Market Research, the global Data Mining Software market size will be USD XX million in 2025. It will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of XX% from 2025 to 2031.

North America held the major market share for more than XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2025 and will grow at a CAGR of XX% from 2025 to 2031. Europe accounted for a market share of over XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2025 and will grow at a CAGR of XX% from 2025 to 2031. Asia Pacific held a market share of around XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2025 and will grow at a CAGR of XX% from 2025 to 2031. Latin America had a market share of more than XX% of the global revenue with a market size of USD XX million in 2025 and will grow at a CAGR of XX% from 2025 to 2031. Middle East and Africa had a market share of around XX% of the global revenue and was estimated at a market size of USD XX million in 2025 and will grow at a CAGR of XX% from 2025 to 2031. KEY DRIVERS

Increasing Focus on Customer Satisfaction to Drive Data Mining Software Market Growth

In today’s hyper-competitive and digitally connected marketplace, customer satisfaction has emerged as a critical factor for business sustainability and growth. The growing focus on enhancing customer satisfaction is proving to be a significant driver in the expansion of the data mining software market. Organizations are increasingly leveraging data mining tools to sift through vast volumes of customer data—ranging from transactional records and website activity to social media engagement and call center logs—to uncover insights that directly influence customer experience strategies. Data mining software empowers companies to analyze customer behavior patterns, identify dissatisfaction triggers, and predict future preferences. Through techniques such as classification, clustering, and association rule mining, businesses can break down large datasets to understand what customers want, what they are likely to purchase next, and how they feel about the brand. These insights not only help in refining customer service but also in shaping product development, pricing strategies, and promotional campaigns. For instance, Netflix uses data mining to recommend personalized content by analyzing a user's viewing history, ratings, and preferences. This has led to increased user engagement and retention, highlighting how a deep understanding of customer preferences—made possible through data mining—can translate into competitive advantage. Moreover, companies are increasingly using these tools to create highly targeted and customer-specific marketing campaigns. By mining data from e-commerce transactions, browsing behavior, and demographic profiles, brands can tailor their offerings and communications to suit individual customer segments. For Instance Amazon continuously mines customer purchasing and browsing data to deliver personalized product recommendations, tailored promotions, and timely follow-ups. This not only enhances customer satisfaction but also significantly boosts conversion rates and average order value. According to a report by McKinsey, personalization can deliver five to eight times the ROI on marketing spend and lift sales by 10% or more—a powerful incentive for companies to adopt data mining software as part of their customer experience toolkit. (Source: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/growth-marketing-and-sales/our-insights/personalizing-at-scale#/) The utility of data mining tools extends beyond e-commerce and streaming platforms. In the banking and financial services industry, for example, institutions use data mining to analyze customer feedback, call center transcripts, and usage data to detect pain points and improve service delivery. Bank of America, for instance, utilizes data mining and predictive analytics to monitor customer interactions and provide proactive service suggestions or fraud alerts, significantly improving user satisfaction and trust. (Source: https://futuredigitalfinance.wbresearch.com/blog/bank-of-americas-erica-client-interactions-future-ai-in-banking) Similarly, telecom companies like Vodafone use data mining to understand customer churn behavior and implement retention strategies based on insights drawn from service usage patterns and complaint histories. In addition to p...

This is the dataset for the paper "Fast and Accurate Data-Driven Goal Recognition Using Process Mining Techniques." Including a running example, evaluation dataset for synthetic domains, and real-world business logs.

In response to NASA SBIR topic A1.05, "Data Mining for Integrated Vehicle Health Management", Michigan Aerospace Corporation (MAC) asserts that our unique SPADE (Sparse Processing Applied to Data Exploitation) technology meets a significant fraction of the stated criteria and has functionality that enables it to handle many applications within the aircraft lifecycle. SPADE distills input data into highly quantized features and uses MAC's novel techniques for constructing Ensembles of Decision Trees to develop extremely accurate diagnostic/prognostic models for classification, regression, clustering, anomaly detection and semi-supervised learning tasks. These techniques are currently being employed to do Threat Assessment for satellites in conjunction with researchers at the Air Force Research Lab. Significant advantages to this approach include: 1) completely data driven; 2) training and evaluation are faster than conventional methods; 3) operates effectively on huge datasets (> billion samples X > million features), 4) proven to be as accurate as state-of-the-art techniques in many significant real-world applications. The specific goals for Phase 1 will be to work with domain experts at NASA and with our partners Boeing, SpaceX and GMV Space Systems to delineate a subset of problems that are particularly well-suited to this approach and to determine requirements for deploying algorithms on platforms of opportunity.

LScD (Leicester Scientific Dictionary)April 2020 by Neslihan Suzen, PhD student at the University of Leicester (ns433@leicester.ac.uk/suzenneslihan@hotmail.com)Supervised by Prof Alexander Gorban and Dr Evgeny Mirkes[Version 3] The third version of LScD (Leicester Scientific Dictionary) is created from the updated LSC (Leicester Scientific Corpus) - Version 2*. All pre-processing steps applied to build the new version of the dictionary are the same as in Version 2** and can be found in description of Version 2 below. We did not repeat the explanation. After pre-processing steps, the total number of unique words in the new version of the dictionary is 972,060. The files provided with this description are also same as described as for LScD Version 2 below.* Suzen, Neslihan (2019): LSC (Leicester Scientific Corpus). figshare. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25392/leicester.data.9449639.v2** Suzen, Neslihan (2019): LScD (Leicester Scientific Dictionary). figshare. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25392/leicester.data.9746900.v2[Version 2] Getting StartedThis document provides the pre-processing steps for creating an ordered list of words from the LSC (Leicester Scientific Corpus) [1] and the description of LScD (Leicester Scientific Dictionary). This dictionary is created to be used in future work on the quantification of the meaning of research texts. R code for producing the dictionary from LSC and instructions for usage of the code are available in [2]. The code can be also used for list of texts from other sources, amendments to the code may be required.LSC is a collection of abstracts of articles and proceeding papers published in 2014 and indexed by the Web of Science (WoS) database [3]. Each document contains title, list of authors, list of categories, list of research areas, and times cited. The corpus contains only documents in English. The corpus was collected in July 2018 and contains the number of citations from publication date to July 2018. The total number of documents in LSC is 1,673,824.LScD is an ordered list of words from texts of abstracts in LSC.The dictionary stores 974,238 unique words, is sorted by the number of documents containing the word in descending order. All words in the LScD are in stemmed form of words. The LScD contains the following information:1.Unique words in abstracts2.Number of documents containing each word3.Number of appearance of a word in the entire corpusProcessing the LSCStep 1.Downloading the LSC Online: Use of the LSC is subject to acceptance of request of the link by email. To access the LSC for research purposes, please email to ns433@le.ac.uk. The data are extracted from Web of Science [3]. You may not copy or distribute these data in whole or in part without the written consent of Clarivate Analytics.Step 2.Importing the Corpus to R: The full R code for processing the corpus can be found in the GitHub [2].All following steps can be applied for arbitrary list of texts from any source with changes of parameter. The structure of the corpus such as file format and names (also the position) of fields should be taken into account to apply our code. The organisation of CSV files of LSC is described in README file for LSC [1].Step 3.Extracting Abstracts and Saving Metadata: Metadata that include all fields in a document excluding abstracts and the field of abstracts are separated. Metadata are then saved as MetaData.R. Fields of metadata are: List_of_Authors, Title, Categories, Research_Areas, Total_Times_Cited and Times_cited_in_Core_Collection.Step 4.Text Pre-processing Steps on the Collection of Abstracts: In this section, we presented our approaches to pre-process abstracts of the LSC.1.Removing punctuations and special characters: This is the process of substitution of all non-alphanumeric characters by space. We did not substitute the character “-” in this step, because we need to keep words like “z-score”, “non-payment” and “pre-processing” in order not to lose the actual meaning of such words. A processing of uniting prefixes with words are performed in later steps of pre-processing.2.Lowercasing the text data: Lowercasing is performed to avoid considering same words like “Corpus”, “corpus” and “CORPUS” differently. Entire collection of texts are converted to lowercase.3.Uniting prefixes of words: Words containing prefixes joined with character “-” are united as a word. The list of prefixes united for this research are listed in the file “list_of_prefixes.csv”. The most of prefixes are extracted from [4]. We also added commonly used prefixes: ‘e’, ‘extra’, ‘per’, ‘self’ and ‘ultra’.4.Substitution of words: Some of words joined with “-” in the abstracts of the LSC require an additional process of substitution to avoid losing the meaning of the word before removing the character “-”. Some examples of such words are “z-test”, “well-known” and “chi-square”. These words have been substituted to “ztest”, “wellknown” and “chisquare”. Identification of such words is done by sampling of abstracts form LSC. The full list of such words and decision taken for substitution are presented in the file “list_of_substitution.csv”.5.Removing the character “-”: All remaining character “-” are replaced by space.6.Removing numbers: All digits which are not included in a word are replaced by space. All words that contain digits and letters are kept because alphanumeric characters such as chemical formula might be important for our analysis. Some examples are “co2”, “h2o” and “21st”.7.Stemming: Stemming is the process of converting inflected words into their word stem. This step results in uniting several forms of words with similar meaning into one form and also saving memory space and time [5]. All words in the LScD are stemmed to their word stem.8.Stop words removal: Stop words are words that are extreme common but provide little value in a language. Some common stop words in English are ‘I’, ‘the’, ‘a’ etc. We used ‘tm’ package in R to remove stop words [6]. There are 174 English stop words listed in the package.Step 5.Writing the LScD into CSV Format: There are 1,673,824 plain processed texts for further analysis. All unique words in the corpus are extracted and written in the file “LScD.csv”.The Organisation of the LScDThe total number of words in the file “LScD.csv” is 974,238. Each field is described below:Word: It contains unique words from the corpus. All words are in lowercase and their stem forms. The field is sorted by the number of documents that contain words in descending order.Number of Documents Containing the Word: In this content, binary calculation is used: if a word exists in an abstract then there is a count of 1. If the word exits more than once in a document, the count is still 1. Total number of document containing the word is counted as the sum of 1s in the entire corpus.Number of Appearance in Corpus: It contains how many times a word occurs in the corpus when the corpus is considered as one large document.Instructions for R CodeLScD_Creation.R is an R script for processing the LSC to create an ordered list of words from the corpus [2]. Outputs of the code are saved as RData file and in CSV format. Outputs of the code are:Metadata File: It includes all fields in a document excluding abstracts. Fields are List_of_Authors, Title, Categories, Research_Areas, Total_Times_Cited and Times_cited_in_Core_Collection.File of Abstracts: It contains all abstracts after pre-processing steps defined in the step 4.DTM: It is the Document Term Matrix constructed from the LSC[6]. Each entry of the matrix is the number of times the word occurs in the corresponding document.LScD: An ordered list of words from LSC as defined in the previous section.The code can be used by:1.Download the folder ‘LSC’, ‘list_of_prefixes.csv’ and ‘list_of_substitution.csv’2.Open LScD_Creation.R script3.Change parameters in the script: replace with the full path of the directory with source files and the full path of the directory to write output files4.Run the full code.References[1]N. Suzen. (2019). LSC (Leicester Scientific Corpus) [Dataset]. Available: https://doi.org/10.25392/leicester.data.9449639.v1[2]N. Suzen. (2019). LScD-LEICESTER SCIENTIFIC DICTIONARY CREATION. Available: https://github.com/neslihansuzen/LScD-LEICESTER-SCIENTIFIC-DICTIONARY-CREATION[3]Web of Science. (15 July). Available: https://apps.webofknowledge.com/[4]A. Thomas, "Common Prefixes, Suffixes and Roots," Center for Development and Learning, 2013.[5]C. Ramasubramanian and R. Ramya, "Effective pre-processing activities in text mining using improved porter’s stemming algorithm," International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, vol. 2, no. 12, pp. 4536-4538, 2013.[6]I. Feinerer, "Introduction to the tm Package Text Mining in R," Accessible en ligne: https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/tm/vignettes/tm.pdf, 2013.

Image classification features and examples of statistical results for the data mining approach using a one-versus-one strategy to implement a SVM (support vector machine) multi-class classifier. Data published in: Fefilatyev, S., K. Kramer, L. Hall, D. Goldgof, R. Kasturi, A. Remsen, K. Daly. 2011. Detection of Anomalous Particles from the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Using the SIPPER3 Underwater Imaging Platform. Proceedings of International Conference on Data Mining Workshops, p. 741-748. Awarded Data Mining Practice Prize at the IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM), Vancouver, Canada, December 11-14, 2011. DOI 10.1109/ICDMW.2011.65.

Smart Mining Solution Market size was valued at USD 20.88 Billion in 2024 and is projected to reach USD 64.74 Billion by 2031, growing at a CAGR of 16.76% from 2024 to 2031.

Global Smart Mining Solution Market Drivers

The market drivers for the Smart Mining Solution Market can be influenced by various factors. These may include:

Growing Demand for Operational Efficiency: The mining sector is under pressure to maximize resource usage, cut costs, and increase operational efficiency. The use of smart mining solutions, such as automation, Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, and real-time monitoring systems, is fueled by the ability of mining businesses to improve productivity, limit downtime, and streamline operations. Growing Apprehensions About Health and Safety: Given the numerous risks and hazards that miners face, safety and health issues are still of the first importance. The industry's safety concerns are addressed by smart mining solutions, which make use of technology like wearables, predictive analytics, and remote monitoring to improve safety protocols, reduce hazards, and guarantee legal compliance. Growing Need for Sustainable Practices: Mining corporations are being forced to implement ecologically and socially responsible practices by sustainability programs, environmental restrictions, and community expectations. Energy optimization, water management, waste reduction, and emissions monitoring are made easier by smart mining technologies, which promote environmentally friendly mining practices and lessen the sector's impact on the environment. Increasing Attention to Digital Transformation: Technological, data analytics, and networking breakthroughs are driving a digital transformation in the mining sector. With real-time visibility, data-driven insights, and decision support tools for enhanced productivity, resource management, and performance optimization, smart mining systems facilitate the digitization of mining operations. Depletion of High-Grade Mineral resources: More effective and sustainable mining techniques are required due to the depletion of high-grade mineral resources and the growing complexity of ore bodies. Smart mining solutions allow mining businesses to extract resources from difficult areas, extend mine life, and preserve profitability. Examples of these solutions include automated drilling, autonomous vehicles, and improved geological modeling. Technological Developments in AI and Machine Learning: The creation of intelligent mining solutions with autonomous operations, predictive analytics, and predictive maintenance is made possible by developments in AI, machine learning, and data analytics. The mining industry is adopting these technologies because they maximize equipment performance, predict maintenance needs, and streamline production operations. Remote and Tough Mining areas: There are operational hazards and logistical difficulties while conducting mining operations in remote and harsh areas. Smart mining solutions allow mining businesses to operate efficiently in difficult situations while guaranteeing the safety of staff and equipment. These solutions include autonomous vehicles, drone-based inspections, and remote monitoring and control capabilities. Governmental initiatives, industry alliances, and industry collaborations all encourage the use of smart mining technologies and stimulate innovation in the mining industry. Mining businesses are encouraged to invest in technical breakthroughs and use smart mining solutions to increase sustainability and competitiveness through funding programs, regulatory incentives, and knowledge-sharing platforms.

Analysis of ‘Groceries dataset ’ provided by Analyst-2 (analyst-2.ai), based on source dataset retrieved from https://www.kaggle.com/heeraldedhia/groceries-dataset on 28 January 2022.

--- Dataset description provided by original source is as follows ---

Association Rule Mining

Market Basket Analysis is one of the key techniques used by large retailers to uncover associations between items. It works by looking for combinations of items that occur together frequently in transactions. To put it another way, it allows retailers to identify relationships between the items that people buy.

Association Rules are widely used to analyze retail basket or transaction data and are intended to identify strong rules discovered in transaction data using measures of interestingness, based on the concept of strong rules.

Details of the dataset

The dataset has 38765 rows of the purchase orders of people from the grocery stores. These orders can be analysed and association rules can be generated using Market Basket Analysis by algorithms like Apriori Algorithm.

Apriori Algorithm

Apriori is an algorithm for frequent itemset mining and association rule learning over relational databases. It proceeds by identifying the frequent individual items in the database and extending them to larger and larger item sets as long as those item sets appear sufficiently often in the database. The frequent itemsets determined by Apriori can be used to determine association rules which highlight general trends in the database: this has applications in domains such as market basket analysis.

An example of Association Rules

Assume there are 100 customers 10 of them bought milk, 8 bought butter and 6 bought both of them. bought milk => bought butter support = P(Milk & Butter) = 6/100 = 0.06 confidence = support/P(Butter) = 0.06/0.08 = 0.75 lift = confidence/P(Milk) = 0.75/0.10 = 7.5

Note: this example is extremely small. In practice, a rule needs the support of several hundred transactions, before it can be considered statistically significant, and datasets often contain thousands or millions of transactions.

Some important terms:

• Support: This says how popular an itemset is, as measured by the proportion of transactions in which an itemset appears.

• Confidence: This says how likely item Y is purchased when item X is purchased, expressed as {X -> Y}. This is measured by the proportion of transactions with item X, in which item Y also appears.

• Lift: This says how likely item Y is purchased when item X is purchased while controlling for how popular item Y is.

--- Original source retains full ownership of the source dataset ---

The Ya'an Earthquake occurred on April 20, 2013 in Beijing time. It was located in Lushan County, Ya'an City, Sichuan Province, and the magnitude of this earthquake was 7.0. As of 14:30 on the 24th, the earthquake caused a total of 196 people dead, 21 missing and 11470 injured. With the development of information and communication technology，based on previous research, we find that micro-blog system had shown great potential in promoting emergency response because they provided an easily accessible information platform on which disaster information could be rapidly organized and shared to a large number of people. Based on this, taking the Ya'an Earthquake as an example, this dataset was collected the Sina-Weibo data of Sichuan Province after 7 days of the Ya'an Earthquake. Sina-Weibo, a platform for information sharing and exchanging for entertainment and leisure life services for the general public, was launched in August 2009. Sina-Weibo can be used by users to search, inquire and publish post-earthquake-related blog. The public can communicate on Sina-Weibo, express their feelings, and can also provide some better suggestions and other functions.

The LSC (Leicester Scientific Corpus)

April 2020 by Neslihan Suzen, PhD student at the University of Leicester (ns433@leicester.ac.uk) Supervised by Prof Alexander Gorban and Dr Evgeny MirkesThe data are extracted from the Web of Science [1]. You may not copy or distribute these data in whole or in part without the written consent of Clarivate Analytics.[Version 2] A further cleaning is applied in Data Processing for LSC Abstracts in Version 1*. Details of cleaning procedure are explained in Step 6.* Suzen, Neslihan (2019): LSC (Leicester Scientific Corpus). figshare. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.25392/leicester.data.9449639.v1.Getting StartedThis text provides the information on the LSC (Leicester Scientific Corpus) and pre-processing steps on abstracts, and describes the structure of files to organise the corpus. This corpus is created to be used in future work on the quantification of the meaning of research texts and make it available for use in Natural Language Processing projects.LSC is a collection of abstracts of articles and proceeding papers published in 2014, and indexed by the Web of Science (WoS) database [1]. The corpus contains only documents in English. Each document in the corpus contains the following parts:1. Authors: The list of authors of the paper2. Title: The title of the paper 3. Abstract: The abstract of the paper 4. Categories: One or more category from the list of categories [2]. Full list of categories is presented in file ‘List_of _Categories.txt’. 5. Research Areas: One or more research area from the list of research areas [3]. Full list of research areas is presented in file ‘List_of_Research_Areas.txt’. 6. Total Times cited: The number of times the paper was cited by other items from all databases within Web of Science platform [4] 7. Times cited in Core Collection: The total number of times the paper was cited by other papers within the WoS Core Collection [4]The corpus was collected in July 2018 online and contains the number of citations from publication date to July 2018. We describe a document as the collection of information (about a paper) listed above. The total number of documents in LSC is 1,673,350.Data ProcessingStep 1: Downloading of the Data Online

The dataset is collected manually by exporting documents as Tab-delimitated files online. All documents are available online.Step 2: Importing the Dataset to R

The LSC was collected as TXT files. All documents are extracted to R.Step 3: Cleaning the Data from Documents with Empty Abstract or without CategoryAs our research is based on the analysis of abstracts and categories, all documents with empty abstracts and documents without categories are removed.Step 4: Identification and Correction of Concatenate Words in AbstractsEspecially medicine-related publications use ‘structured abstracts’. Such type of abstracts are divided into sections with distinct headings such as introduction, aim, objective, method, result, conclusion etc. Used tool for extracting abstracts leads concatenate words of section headings with the first word of the section. For instance, we observe words such as ConclusionHigher and ConclusionsRT etc. The detection and identification of such words is done by sampling of medicine-related publications with human intervention. Detected concatenate words are split into two words. For instance, the word ‘ConclusionHigher’ is split into ‘Conclusion’ and ‘Higher’.The section headings in such abstracts are listed below:

Background Method(s) Design Theoretical Measurement(s) Location Aim(s) Methodology Process Abstract Population Approach Objective(s) Purpose(s) Subject(s) Introduction Implication(s) Patient(s) Procedure(s) Hypothesis Measure(s) Setting(s) Limitation(s) Discussion Conclusion(s) Result(s) Finding(s) Material (s) Rationale(s) Implications for health and nursing policyStep 5: Extracting (Sub-setting) the Data Based on Lengths of AbstractsAfter correction, the lengths of abstracts are calculated. ‘Length’ indicates the total number of words in the text, calculated by the same rule as for Microsoft Word ‘word count’ [5].According to APA style manual [6], an abstract should contain between 150 to 250 words. In LSC, we decided to limit length of abstracts from 30 to 500 words in order to study documents with abstracts of typical length ranges and to avoid the effect of the length to the analysis.

Step 6: [Version 2] Cleaning Copyright Notices, Permission polices, Journal Names and Conference Names from LSC Abstracts in Version 1Publications can include a footer of copyright notice, permission policy, journal name, licence, author’s right or conference name below the text of abstract by conferences and journals. Used tool for extracting and processing abstracts in WoS database leads to attached such footers to the text. For example, our casual observation yields that copyright notices such as ‘Published by Elsevier ltd.’ is placed in many texts. To avoid abnormal appearances of words in further analysis of words such as bias in frequency calculation, we performed a cleaning procedure on such sentences and phrases in abstracts of LSC version 1. We removed copyright notices, names of conferences, names of journals, authors’ rights, licenses and permission policies identified by sampling of abstracts.Step 7: [Version 2] Re-extracting (Sub-setting) the Data Based on Lengths of AbstractsThe cleaning procedure described in previous step leaded to some abstracts having less than our minimum length criteria (30 words). 474 texts were removed.Step 8: Saving the Dataset into CSV FormatDocuments are saved into 34 CSV files. In CSV files, the information is organised with one record on each line and parts of abstract, title, list of authors, list of categories, list of research areas, and times cited is recorded in fields.To access the LSC for research purposes, please email to ns433@le.ac.uk.References[1]Web of Science. (15 July). Available: https://apps.webofknowledge.com/ [2]WoS Subject Categories. Available: https://images.webofknowledge.com/WOKRS56B5/help/WOS/hp_subject_category_terms_tasca.html [3]Research Areas in WoS. Available: https://images.webofknowledge.com/images/help/WOS/hp_research_areas_easca.html [4]Times Cited in WoS Core Collection. (15 July). Available: https://support.clarivate.com/ScientificandAcademicResearch/s/article/Web-of-Science-Times-Cited-accessibility-and-variation?language=en_US [5]Word Count. Available: https://support.office.com/en-us/article/show-word-count-3c9e6a11-a04d-43b4-977c-563a0e0d5da3 [6]A. P. Association, Publication manual. American Psychological Association Washington, DC, 1983.

Full title: Mining Distance-Based Outliers in Near Linear Time with Randomization and a Simple Pruning Rule Abstract: Defining outliers by their distance to neighboring examples is a popular approach to finding unusual examples in a data set. Recently, much work has been conducted with the goal of finding fast algorithms for this task. We show that a simple nested loop algorithm that in the worst case is quadratic can give near linear time performance when the data is in random order and a simple pruning rule is used. We test our algorithm on real high-dimensional data sets with millions of examples and show that the near linear scaling holds over several orders of magnitude. Our average case analysis suggests that much of the efficiency is because the time to process non-outliers, which are the majority of examples, does not depend on the size of the data set.

This file includes all synthetic data examples in this manuscript. (ZIP)

The comma separated value dataset contains process data from a production process, including data on cases, activities, resources, timestamps and more data fields.

Journal of Computational Design and Engineering Impact Factor 2024-2025 - ResearchHelpDesk - Journal of Computational Design and Engineering is an international journal that aims to provide academia and industry with a venue for rapid publication of research papers reporting innovative computational methods and applications to achieve a major breakthrough, practical improvements, and bold new research directions within a wide range of design and engineering: Theory and its progress in computational advancement for design and engineering Development of computational framework to support large scale design and engineering Interaction issues among human, designed artifacts, and systems Knowledge-intensive technologies for intelligent and sustainable systems Emerging technology and convergence of technology fields presented with convincing design examples Educational issues for academia, practitioners, and future generation Proposal on new research directions as well as survey and retrospectives on mature field. Examples of relevant topics include traditional and emerging issues in design and engineering but are not limited to: Field specific issues in mechanical, aerospace, shipbuilding, industrial, architectural, plant, and civil engineering as well as industrial design Geometric modeling and processing, solid and heterogeneous modeling, computational geometry, features, and virtual prototyping Computer graphics, virtual and augmented reality, and scientific visualization Human modeling and engineering, user interaction and experience, HCI, HMI, human-vehicle interaction(HVI), cognitive engineering, and human factors and ergonomics with computers Knowledge-based engineering, intelligent CAD, AI and machine learning in design, and ontology Product data exchange and management, PDM/PLM/CPC, PDX/PDQ, interoperability, data mining, and database issues Design theory and methodology, sustainable design and engineering, concurrent engineering, and collaborative engineering Digital/virtual manufacturing, rapid prototyping and tooling, and CNC machining Computer aided inspection, geometric and engineering tolerancing, and reverse engineering Finite element analysis, optimization, meshes and discretization, and virtual engineering Bio-CAD, Nano-CAD, and medical applications Industrial design, aesthetic design, new media, and design education Survey and benchmark reports

The first three rows illustrate relatively low probabilities for unlikely POS combinations: in this example, two consecutive pronouns. The remaining rows show how more likely POS sequences receive higher probability scores; for instance, the probability of finding a word associated with MS tag nom_sg_masc given that it is preceded by dat_sg_masc and followed by acc_pl is 0.00024.

ABSTRACT Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is the main leafy vegetable produced in Brazil. Since its production is widespread all over the country, lettuce traceability and quality assurance is hampered. In this study, we propose a new method to identify the geographical origin of Brazilian lettuce. The method uses a powerful data mining technique called support vector machines (SVM) applied to elemental composition and soil properties of samples analyzed. We investigated lettuce produced in São Paulo and Pernambuco, two states in the southeastern and northeastern regions in Brazil, respectively. We investigated efficiency of the SVM model by comparing its results with those achieved by traditional linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The SVM models outperformed the LDA models in the two scenarios investigated, achieving an average of 98 % prediction accuracy to discriminate lettuce from both states. A feature evaluation formula, called F–score, was used to measure the discriminative power of the variables analyzed. The soil exchangeable cation capacity, soil contents of low crystalized Al and Zn content in lettuce samples were the most relevant components for differentiation. Our results reinforce the potential of data mining and machine learning techniques to support traceability strategies and authentication of leafy vegetables.