The Iris dataset is a classic dataset in the field of machine learning and statistics. It's often used for demonstrating various data analysis, machine learning, and statistical techniques. Here are some key details about it:

Background - Origin: The dataset was introduced by the British statistician and biologist Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper titled "The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems." - Purpose: Fisher developed the dataset as an example of linear discriminant analysis.

Data Composition - Data Points: The dataset consists of 150 samples from three species of Iris flowers: Iris Setosa, Iris Versicolour, and Iris Virginica. - Features: There are four features measured in centimeters for each sample: 1. Sepal Length 2. Sepal Width 3. Petal Length 4. Petal Width - Classes: The dataset contains three classes, corresponding to the three species of Iris. Each class has 50 samples.

Usage - Classification: The Iris dataset is widely used for classification tasks, especially to illustrate the principles of supervised machine learning algorithms. - Testing Algorithms: It's often used to test out algorithms for linear regression, classification, and clustering due to its simplicity and small size. - Educational Purpose: Because of its clarity and simplicity, it's frequently used in teaching data science and machine learning.

Characteristics - Simple and Clean: The dataset is straightforward, with minimal preprocessing required, making it ideal for beginners. - Well-Behaved Classes: The species are relatively well separated, though there's some overlap between Versicolor and Virginica. - Multivariate Data: It involves understanding the relationship between multiple variables (the four features).

Applications - Benchmarking: The Iris dataset serves as a benchmark for evaluating the performance of different algorithms. - Visualization**: It's great for practicing data visualization, especially for exploring techniques like scatter plots, box plots, and pair plots to understand feature relationships.

Despite its simplicity, the Iris dataset remains one of the most famous datasets in the world of data science and machine learning. It serves as an excellent starting point for anyone new to the field and remains a baseline for testing algorithms and teaching concepts.

Access our extensive Facebook datasets that provide detailed information on public posts, pages, and user engagement. Gain insights into post performance, audience interactions, page details, and content trends with our ethically sourced data. Free samples are available for evaluation. Over 940M records available Price starts at $250/100K records Data formats are available in JSON, NDJSON, CSV, XLSX and Parquet. 100% ethical and compliant data collection Included datapoints:

Post ID Post Content & URL Date Posted Hashtags Number of Comments Number of Shares Likes & Reaction Counts (by type) Video View Count Page Name & Category Page Followers & Likes Page Verification Status Page Website & Contact Info Is Sponsored Post Attachments (Images/Videos) External Link Data And much more

US Travel Check-Ins - Analysis

In-Depth Study of Location, Date, Temperature, USIndex, and Crime Rates

By [source]

About this dataset

This comprehensive dataset offers an in-depth exploration into US travel check-ins from Instagram. It includes detailed data scraped from Instagram, such as the location of each check-in, the USIndex for each state, average temperature for each state per month, and crime rate per state. In addition to location and time information, this dataset also provides latitude and longitude coordinates for every entry. This extensive collection of data is invaluable for those interested in studying various aspects of movement within the United States. With detailed insights on factors like climate conditions and economic health of a region at a given point in time, this dataset can help uncover fascinating trends regarding how travelers choose their destinations and how they experience their journeys around the country

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How to use the dataset

This Kaggle dataset - US Travel Check-Ins Analysis - provides valuable insights for travel researchers, marketers and businesses in the travel industry. It contains check-in location, USIndex rating (economic health of each state), average temperature, and crime rate per state. Latitude and longitude of each check-ins are also provided with added geographic context to help you visualize the data.

This guide will show you how to use this dataset for your research or business venture.

Step 1: Prepare your data First and foremost, it is important to cleanse your data before you can analyze it. Depending on what sort of analysis needs to be conducted (e.g., time series analysis) you will need to select the applicable columns from the dataset that match your needs best and exclude any unnecessary columns such as dates or season related data points as they are not relevant here. Furthermore, variable formatting should be consistent across all instances in a variable/column category as well (elevation is a good example here). You can always double check that everything is formatted correctly by running a quick summary on selected columns using conditional queries like df['var'].describe() command in Python for descriptive results about an entire column’s statistical makeup including mean values, quartile ranges etc..

Step 2: Explore & Analyze Your Data Graphically Once the data has been prepped properly you can start visualizing it in order to gain better insights into any trends or patterns that may be present within it when compared with other datasets or information sources simultaneously such as weather forecasts or nationwide trend indicators etc.. Grafana dashboards are feasible solutions when multiple dataset need to be compared but depending on what type of graphs/charts being used Excel worksheet formats can offer great customization options flexiblity along with various export file types (.csv; .jpegs; .pdfs). Plotting markers onto map applications like Google Maps API offers more geographical awareness that could useful when analyzing location dependent variables too which means we have one advantage over manual inspection tasks just by leveraging existing software applications alongside publicly available APIs!

Step 3: Interpretation & Hypothesis Testing
After generating informative graphical interpretation from exploratory visualizations the next step would involve testing out various hypotheses based on established correlations between different variables derived from overall quantitative estimates vizualizations regarding distribution trends across different regions tends towards geographical areas where certain logistical processes could yeild higher success ratios giving potential customers greater satisfaction than

Research Ideas

• Travel trends analysis: Using this dataset, researchers could track which areas of the US are popular destinations based on travel check-ins and spot any interesting trends or correlations in terms of geography, seasonal changes, economic health or crime rates.
• Predictive Modeling: By using various features from this dataset such as average temperature, US Index and crime rate, predictors could be developed to suggest how safe an area would feel to a tourist based on their current location and other predetermined variables they choose to input into the model.
• Trip Planning Tool: The dataset can also be used to develop a tool that quickly allows travelers to plan trips according to their preferences in terms of duration and budget as well a...

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Dana Point population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Dana Point across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2023, the population of Dana Point was 32,567, a 0.25% decrease year-by-year from 2022. Previously, in 2022, Dana Point population was 32,647, a decline of 0.51% compared to a population of 32,815 in 2021. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2023, population of Dana Point decreased by 2,634. In this period, the peak population was 35,992 in the year 2009. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2023

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2023)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Dana Point is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Dana Point population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Dana Point Population by Year. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Seven Points population distribution across 18 age groups. It lists the population in each age group along with the percentage population relative of the total population for Seven Points. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population distribution of Seven Points by age. For example, using this dataset, we can identify the largest age group in Seven Points.

Key observations

The largest age group in Seven Points, TX was for the group of age 30-34 years with a population of 158 (11.80%), according to the 2021 American Community Survey. At the same time, the smallest age group in Seven Points, TX was the 85+ years with a population of 3 (0.22%). Source: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2017-2021 5-Year Estimates.

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey (ACS) 2017-2021 5-Year Estimates.

Age groups:

• Under 5 years
• 5 to 9 years
• 10 to 14 years
• 15 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
• 25 to 29 years
• 30 to 34 years
• 35 to 39 years
• 40 to 44 years
• 45 to 49 years
• 50 to 54 years
• 55 to 59 years
• 60 to 64 years
• 65 to 69 years
• 70 to 74 years
• 75 to 79 years
• 80 to 84 years
• 85 years and over

Variables / Data Columns

• Age Group: This column displays the age group in consideration
• Population: The population for the specific age group in the Seven Points is shown in this column.
• % of Total Population: This column displays the population of each age group as a proportion of Seven Points total population. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Seven Points Population by Age. You can refer the same here

The Apalachicola Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve and the NOAA Office for Coastal Management worked together to map benthic habitats within Apalachicola Bay, Florida. The bay and the lower portions of four distributaries were surveyed on 11-22 October 1999 using three benthic sampling techniques. This data set represents the information gathered from a RoxAnn acoustic sensor. The instrument was used to characterize bottom type by extracting data on bottom roughness and bottom hardness from the primary and secondary sounder echoes. The data is classified on-the-fly, using the Sediment Profile Images and grab samples collected for field validation, and subject to a post-processing classification. The RoxAnn data points were exported into a geographic information system (GIS) and post-processed to remove unreliable data points and re-classified. This data set is comprised of the cleaned, attributed point data. The attributes include location, date, time, depth, field derived classification, and the classification derived from post-processing the data. Original contact information: Contact Org: NOAA Office for Coastal Management Phone: 843-740-1202 Email: coastal.info@noaa.gov

Overview

3DHD CityScenes is the most comprehensive, large-scale high-definition (HD) map dataset to date, annotated in the three spatial dimensions of globally referenced, high-density LiDAR point clouds collected in urban domains. Our HD map covers 127 km of road sections of the inner city of Hamburg, Germany including 467 km of individual lanes. In total, our map comprises 266,762 individual items.

Our corresponding paper (published at ITSC 2022) is available here. Further, we have applied 3DHD CityScenes to map deviation detection here.

Moreover, we release code to facilitate the application of our dataset and the reproducibility of our research. Specifically, our 3DHD_DevKit comprises:

Python tools to read, generate, and visualize the dataset,

3DHDNet deep learning pipeline (training, inference, evaluation) for map deviation detection and 3D object detection.

The DevKit is available here:

https://github.com/volkswagen/3DHD_devkit.

The dataset and DevKit have been created by Christopher Plachetka as project lead during his PhD period at Volkswagen Group, Germany.

When using our dataset, you are welcome to cite:

@INPROCEEDINGS{9921866, author={Plachetka, Christopher and Sertolli, Benjamin and Fricke, Jenny and Klingner, Marvin and Fingscheidt, Tim}, booktitle={2022 IEEE 25th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC)}, title={3DHD CityScenes: High-Definition Maps in High-Density Point Clouds}, year={2022}, pages={627-634}}

Acknowledgements

We thank the following interns for their exceptional contributions to our work.

Benjamin Sertolli: Major contributions to our DevKit during his master thesis

Niels Maier: Measurement campaign for data collection and data preparation

The European large-scale project Hi-Drive (www.Hi-Drive.eu) supports the publication of 3DHD CityScenes and encourages the general publication of information and databases facilitating the development of automated driving technologies.

The Dataset

After downloading, the 3DHD_CityScenes folder provides five subdirectories, which are explained briefly in the following.

1. Dataset

This directory contains the training, validation, and test set definition (train.json, val.json, test.json) used in our publications. Respective files contain samples that define a geolocation and the orientation of the ego vehicle in global coordinates on the map.

During dataset generation (done by our DevKit), samples are used to take crops from the larger point cloud. Also, map elements in reach of a sample are collected. Both modalities can then be used, e.g., as input to a neural network such as our 3DHDNet.

To read any JSON-encoded data provided by 3DHD CityScenes in Python, you can use the following code snipped as an example.

import json

json_path = r"E:\3DHD_CityScenes\Dataset\train.json" with open(json_path) as jf: data = json.load(jf) print(data)

1. HD_Map

Map items are stored as lists of items in JSON format. In particular, we provide:

traffic signs,

traffic lights,

pole-like objects,

construction site locations,

construction site obstacles (point-like such as cones, and line-like such as fences),

line-shaped markings (solid, dashed, etc.),

polygon-shaped markings (arrows, stop lines, symbols, etc.),

lanes (ordinary and temporary),

relations between elements (only for construction sites, e.g., sign to lane association).

1. HD_Map_MetaData

Our high-density point cloud used as basis for annotating the HD map is split in 648 tiles. This directory contains the geolocation for each tile as polygon on the map. You can view the respective tile definition using QGIS. Alternatively, we also provide respective polygons as lists of UTM coordinates in JSON.

Files with the ending .dbf, .prj, .qpj, .shp, and .shx belong to the tile definition as “shape file” (commonly used in geodesy) that can be viewed using QGIS. The JSON file contains the same information provided in a different format used in our Python API.

1. HD_PointCloud_Tiles

The high-density point cloud tiles are provided in global UTM32N coordinates and are encoded in a proprietary binary format. The first 4 bytes (integer) encode the number of points contained in that file. Subsequently, all point cloud values are provided as arrays. First all x-values, then all y-values, and so on. Specifically, the arrays are encoded as follows.

x-coordinates: 4 byte integer

y-coordinates: 4 byte integer

z-coordinates: 4 byte integer

intensity of reflected beams: 2 byte unsigned integer

ground classification flag: 1 byte unsigned integer

After reading, respective values have to be unnormalized. As an example, you can use the following code snipped to read the point cloud data. For visualization, you can use the pptk package, for instance.

import numpy as np import pptk

file_path = r"E:\3DHD_CityScenes\HD_PointCloud_Tiles\HH_001.bin" pc_dict = {} key_list = ['x', 'y', 'z', 'intensity', 'is_ground'] type_list = ['

This feature dataset contains the control points used to validate the accuracies of the interpolated water density rasters for the Gulf of Maine. These control points were selected randomly from the water density data points, using Hawth's Create Random Selection Tool. Twenty-five percent of each seasonal bin (for each year and at each depth) were randomly selected and set aside for validation. For example, if there were 1,000 water density data points for the fall (September, October, November) 2003 at 0 meters, then 250 of those points were randomly selected, removed and set aside to assess the accuracy of interpolated surface. The naming convention of the validation point feature class includes the year (or years), the season, and the depth (in meters) it was selected from. So for example, the name: ValidationPoints_1997_2004_Fall_0m would indicate that this point feature class was randomly selected from water density points that were at 0 meters in the fall between 1997-2004. The seasons were defined using the same months as the remote sensing data--namely, Fall = September, October, November; Winter = December, January, February; Spring = March, April, May; and Summer = June, July, August.

This item is part of the collection "AIS Trajectories from Danish Waters for Abnormal Behavior Detection"

DOI: https://doi.org/10.11583/DTU.c.6287841

Using Deep Learning for detection of maritime abnormal behaviour in spatio temporal trajectories is a relatively new and promising application. Open access to the Automatic Identification System (AIS) has made large amounts of maritime trajectories publically avaliable. However, these trajectories are unannotated when it comes to the detection of abnormal behaviour. The lack of annotated datasets for abnormality detection on maritime trajectories makes it difficult to evaluate and compare suggested models quantitavely. With this dataset, we attempt to provide a way for researchers to evaluate and compare performance.
We have manually labelled trajectories which showcase abnormal behaviour following an collision accident. The annotated dataset consists of 521 data points with 25 abnormal trajectories. The abnormal trajectories cover amoung other; Colliding vessels, vessels engaged in Search-and-Rescue activities, law enforcement, and commercial maritime traffic forced to deviate from the normal course

These datasets consists of labelled trajectories for the purpose of evaluating unsupervised models for detection of abnormal maritime behavior. For unlabelled datasets for training please refer to the collection. Link in Related publications.

The dataset is an example of a SAR event and cannot not be considered representative of a large population of all SAR events.

The dataset consists of a total of 521 trajectories of which 25 is labelled as abnormal. the data is captured on a single day in a specific region. The remaining normal traffic is representative of the traffic during the winter season. The normal traffic in the ROI has a fairly high seasonality related to fishing and leisure sailing traffic.

The data is saved using the pickle format for Python. Each dataset is split into 2 files with naming convention:

datasetInfo_XXX
data_XXX

Files named "data_XXX" contains the extracted trajectories serialized sequentially one at a time and must be read as such. Please refer to provided utility functions for examples. Files named "datasetInfo" contains Metadata related to the dataset and indecies at which trajectories begin in "data_XXX" files.

The data are sequences of maritime trajectories defined by their; timestamp, latitude/longitude position, speed, course, and unique ship identifer MMSI. In addition, the dataset contains metadata related to creation parameters. The dataset has been limited to a specific time period, ship types, moving AIS navigational statuses, and filtered within an region of interest (ROI). Trajectories were split if exceeding an upper limit and short trajectories were discarded. All values are given as metadata in the dataset and used in the naming syntax.

Naming syntax: data_AIS_Custom_STARTDATE_ENDDATE_SHIPTYPES_MINLENGTH_MAXLENGTH_RESAMPLEPERIOD.pkl

See datasheet for more detailed information and we refer to provided utility functions for examples on how to read and plot the data.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Dana Point population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Dana Point across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2022, the population of Dana Point was 32,465, a 1.00% decrease year-by-year from 2021. Previously, in 2021, Dana Point population was 32,794, a decline of 0.82% compared to a population of 33,066 in 2020. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2022, population of Dana Point decreased by 2,736. In this period, the peak population was 35,992 in the year 2009. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2022

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2022)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Dana Point is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Dana Point population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Dana Point Population by Year. You can refer the same here

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the West Point population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of West Point across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2022, the population of West Point was 11,892, a 3.81% increase year-by-year from 2021. Previously, in 2021, West Point population was 11,456, an increase of 3.58% compared to a population of 11,060 in 2020. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2022, population of West Point increased by 5,784. In this period, the peak population was 11,892 in the year 2022. The numbers suggest that the population has not reached its peak yet and is showing a trend of further growth. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2022

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2022)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the West Point is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in West Point population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for West Point Population by Year. You can refer the same here

Dataset Description

Context and Methodology

• Research Domain/Project:
  This dataset was created for a machine learning experiment aimed at developing a classification model to predict outcomes based on a set of features. The primary research domain is disease prediction in patients. The dataset was used in the context of training, validating, and testing.

• Purpose of the Dataset:
  The purpose of this dataset is to provide training, validation, and testing data for the development of machine learning models. It includes labeled examples that help train classifiers to recognize patterns in the data and make predictions.

• Dataset Creation:
  Data preprocessing steps involved cleaning, normalization, and splitting the data into training, validation, and test sets. The data was carefully curated to ensure its quality and relevance to the problem at hand. For any missing values or outliers, appropriate handling techniques were applied (e.g., imputation, removal, etc.).

Technical Details

• Structure of the Dataset:
  The dataset consists of several files organized into folders by data type:

  • Training Data: Contains the training dataset used to train the machine learning model.

  • Validation Data: Used for hyperparameter tuning and model selection.

  • Test Data: Reserved for final model evaluation.

  Each folder contains files with consistent naming conventions for easy navigation, such as train_data.csv, validation_data.csv, and test_data.csv. Each file follows a tabular format with columns representing features and rows representing individual data points.

• Software Requirements:
  To open and work with this dataset, you need VS Code or Jupyter, which could include tools like:

  • Python (with libraries such as pandas, numpy, scikit-learn, matplotlib, etc.)

Further Details

• Reusability:
  Users of this dataset should be aware that it is designed for machine learning experiments involving classification tasks. The dataset is already split into training, validation, and test subsets. Any model trained with this dataset should be evaluated using the test set to ensure proper validation.

• Limitations:
  The dataset may not cover all edge cases, and it might have biases depending on the selection of data sources. It's important to consider these limitations when generalizing model results to real-world applications.

This data set contains the replication data and supplements for the article "Knowing, Doing, and Feeling: A three-year, mixed-methods study of undergraduates’ information literacy development." The survey data is from two samples: - cross-sectional sample (different students at the same point in time) - longitudinal sample (the same students and different points in time)Surveys were distributed via Qualtrics during the students' first and sixth semesters. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected and used to describe students' IL development over 3 years. Statistics from the quantitative data were analyzed in SPSS. The qualitative data was coded and analyzed thematically in NVivo. The qualitative, textual data is from semi-structured interviews with sixth-semester students in psychology at UiT, both focus groups and individual interviews. All data were collected as part of the contact author's PhD research on information literacy (IL) at UiT. The following files are included in this data set: 1. A README file which explains the quantitative data files. (2 file formats: .txt, .pdf)2. The consent form for participants (in Norwegian). (2 file formats: .txt, .pdf)3. Six data files with survey results from UiT psychology undergraduate students for the cross-sectional (n=209) and longitudinal (n=56) samples, in 3 formats (.dat, .csv, .sav). The data was collected in Qualtrics from fall 2019 to fall 2022. 4. Interview guide for 3 focus group interviews. File format: .txt5. Interview guides for 7 individual interviews - first round (n=4) and second round (n=3). File format: .txt 6. The 21-item IL test (Tromsø Information Literacy Test = TILT), in English and Norwegian. TILT is used for assessing students' knowledge of three aspects of IL: evaluating sources, using sources, and seeking information. The test is multiple choice, with four alternative answers for each item. This test is a "KNOW-measure," intended to measure what students know about information literacy. (2 file formats: .txt, .pdf)7. Survey questions related to interest - specifically students' interest in being or becoming information literate - in 3 parts (all in English and Norwegian): a) information and questions about the 4 phases of interest; b) interest questionnaire with 26 items in 7 subscales (Tromsø Interest Questionnaire - TRIQ); c) Survey questions about IL and interest, need, and intent. (2 file formats: .txt, .pdf)8. Information about the assignment-based measures used to measure what students do in practice when evaluating and using sources. Students were evaluated with these measures in their first and sixth semesters. (2 file formats: .txt, .pdf)9. The Norwegain Centre for Research Data's (NSD) 2019 assessment of the notification form for personal data for the PhD research project. In Norwegian. (Format: .pdf)

Sciphi Textbooks Are All You Need

650,000 Unique Samples from K-12 to Grad School

By Huggingface Hub [source]

About this dataset

This dataset is your one-stop comprehensive resource for educational research. Featuring 650,000 unique textbook samples on a wide range of courses from the earliest days of K-12 to the most advanced graduate programs, dive deep into the educational ecosystem with an expansive library built for exploration and discovery.

Analyze course materials with confidence, examining their nuances through different perspectives and learning styles by leveraging prompted samples, completed versions, and even notes left by fellow researchers. And take your projects one step further with adjustable parameters such as models used and temperature settings aiding in optimization of results tailored to your work.

Whether you are trainer seeking fresh curriculum ideas or a student looking for primary source materials in history or literature classes, our open-source collection handles it all—one million pages strong!

More Datasets

For more datasets, click here.

Featured Notebooks

• 🚨 Your notebook can be here! 🚨!

How to use the dataset

This comprehensive open-source textbook library for educational research is an invaluable and expansive resource for researchers, educators, and students alike. With 650,000 unique samples from K-12 to graduate school academic levels across a variety of courses, this dataset provides critical insights into the vast array of educational material available.

In order to use this dataset, there are several key columns to consider: formatted_prompt, completion, first_task, second_task, last_task , notes , title , model , and temperature . Each column contains valuable information that can help you better understand the sample textbooks included in the dataset. For example: -Formatted Prompt: The original prompt used to generate a given sample of textbook text. -Completion: The generated results from a given prompt based on the model used (the higher the temperature used when generating text output will result in more varied sentences). -Tasks: Each task corresponds with separate portions of a process that were completed (e.g.: first_task may have generated an introduction paragraph while last task may have summarized certain key points identified in earlier tasks). -Notes & Title : These two columns provide descriptive meta data about each sample including expert notes regarding further improvements or other additions that could be made as well as titles assigned by subject matter experts.

With accessibility to such informative data points users will be able to reproduce results or even start their own exploration using one cohesive dataset for all their drafting / programming needs!

Research Ideas

• Text classification for automatically assigning courses and topics to a given body of text.
• Generating natural language summaries of textbooks or educational material, such as short document descriptors for search engine optimization (SEO) purposes.
• Devising new tasks for which to train machine learning models, such as predicting the completed form of incomplete sentences in order to facilitate more accurate auto-fill capabilities when composing documents

Acknowledgements

If you use this dataset in your research, please credit the original authors. Data Source

License

License: CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) - Public Domain Dedication No Copyright - You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. See Other Information.

Columns

File: train.csv | Column name | Description | |:---------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------| | formatted_prompt | A prompt that has been formatted for use in the dataset. (String) | | completion | The completion of the prompt. (String) | | first_task | The first task associated with the prompt. (String) | | second_task | The second task associated with the prompt. (String) | | last_task | The last task associated with the prompt. (String) | | notes | Any additional notes associated with the prompt. (String) ...

This is the first batch of WiFi RSS RTT datasets with LOS conditions we published. Please see https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11558792 for the second batch.

Please do use version 2 for better quality.

We provide publicly available datasets of three different indoor scenarios: building floor, office and apartment. The datasets contain both WiFi RSS and RTT signal measures with groud truth coordinates label and LOS condition label.

1.Building Floor

This is a detailed WiFi RTT and RSS dataset of a whole floor of a university building, of moare than 92 x 15 square metres. We divided the area of interest was divided into discrete grids and labelled them with correct ground truth coordinates and the LoS APs from the grid. The dataset contains WiFi RTT and RSS signal measures recorded in 642 reference points for 3 days and is well separated so that training points and testing points will not overlap.

1. Office

Office scenario is of more than 4.5 x 5.5 square metres. 3 APs are set to cover the whole space. At least two LOS AP could be seen at any reference point (RP).

3.Apartment

Apartment scenario is of more than 7.7 x 9.4 square metres.Four APs were leveraged to generate WiFi signal measures for this testbed. Note that AP 1 in the apartment dataset was positioned so that it could had an NLOS path to most of the testbed.

Collection methodology

The APs utilised were Google WiFi Router AC-1304, the smartphone used to collect the data was Google Pixel 3 with Android 9.

The ground truth coordinates were collected using fixed tile size on the floor and manual post-it note markers.

Only RTT-enabled APs were included in the dataset.

The features of the datasets

The features of the building floor dataset are as follows:

Testbed area: 92 × 15 m2

Grid size: 0.6 × 0.6 m2

Number of AP: 13

Number of reference points: 642

Samples per reference point: 120

Number of all data samples: 77040

Number of training samples: 57960

Number of testing samples: 19080

Signal measure: WiFi RTT, WiFi RSS

Collection time interval: 3 days

The features of the office dataset are as follows:

Testbed area: 4.5 × 5.5 m2

Grid size: 0.455 × 0.455 m2

Number of AP: 3

Reference points: 37

Samples per reference point: 120

Data samples: 4,440

Training samples: 3,240

Testing samples: 1,200

Signal measure: WiFi RTT, WiFi RSS

Other information: LOS condition of every AP

Collection time: 1 day

Notes: A LOS scenario

The features of the apartment dataset are as follows:

Testbed area: 7.7 × 9.4 m2

Grid size: 0.48 × 0.48 m2

Number of AP: 4

Reference points: 110

Samples per reference point: 120

Data samples: 13,200

Training samples: 9,720

Testing samples: 3,480

Signal measure: WiFi RTT, WiFi RSS

Other information: LOS condition of every AP

Collection time: 1 day

Notes: Contains an AP with NLOS paths for most of the RPs

Dataset explanation

The columns of the dataset are as follows:

Column 'X': the X coordinates of the sample.

Column 'Y': the Y coordinates of the sample.

Column 'AP1 RTT(mm)', 'AP2 RTT(mm)', ..., 'AP13 RTT(mm)': the RTT measure from corresponding AP at a reference point.

Column 'AP1 RSS(dBm)', 'AP2 RSS(dBm)', ..., 'AP13 RSS(dBm)': the RSS measure from corresponding AP at a reference point.

Column 'LOS APs': indicating which AP has a LOS to this reference point.

Please note:

The RSS value -200 dBm indicates that the AP is too far away from the current reference point and no signals could be heard from it.

The RTT value 100,000 mm indicates that no signal is received from the specific AP.

Citation request

When using this dataset, please cite the following two items:Feng, X., Nguyen, K. A., & Luo, Z. (2024). WiFi RTT RSS dataset for indoor positioning [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11558192@article{feng2023wifi, title={WiFi round-trip time (RTT) fingerprinting: an analysis of the properties and the performance in non-line-of-sight environments}, author={Feng, Xu and Nguyen, Khuong an and Luo, Zhiyuan}, journal={Journal of Location Based Services}, volume={17}, number={4}, pages={307--339}, year={2023}, publisher={Taylor & Francis} }

MCGD_Data_V2.2 contains all the data that we have collected on locations in modern China, plus a number of locations outside of China that we encounter frequently in historical sources on China. All further updates will appear under the name "MCGD_Data" with a time stamp (e.g., MCGD_Data2023-06-21)

You can also have access to this dataset and all the datasets that the ENP-China makes available on GitLab: https://gitlab.com/enpchina/IndexesEnp

Altogether there are 464,970 entries. The data include the name of locations and their variants in Chinese, pinyin, and any recorded transliteration; the name of the province in Chinese and in pinyin; Province ID; the latitude and longitude; the Name ID and Location ID, and NameID_Legacy. The Name IDs all start with H followed by seven digits. This is the internal ID system of MCGD (the NameID_Legacy column records the Name IDs in their original format depending on the source). Locations IDs that start with "DH" are data points extracted from China Historical GIS (Harvard University); those that start with "D" are locations extracted from the data points in Geonames; those that have only digits (8 digits) are data points we have added from various map sources.

One of the main features of the MCGD Main Dataset is the systematic collection and compilation of place names from non-Chinese language historical sources. Locations were designated in transliteration systems that are hardly comprehensible today, which makes it very difficult to find the actual locations they correspond to. This dataset allows for the conversion from these obsolete transliterations to the current names and geocoordinates.

From June 2021 onward, we have adopted a different file naming system to keep track of versions. From MCGD_Data_V1 we have moved to MCGD_Data_V2. In June 2022, we introduced time stamps, which result in the following naming convention: MCGD_Data_YYYY.MM.DD.

UPDATES

MCGD_Data2025_02_28 includes a major change with the duplication of all the locations listed under Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing (北京, 上海, 天津, 重慶) and their listing under the name of the provinces to which they belonge origially before the creation of the four special municipalities after 1949. This is meant to facilitate the matching of data from historical sources. Each location has a unique NameID. Altogether there are 472,818 entries

MCGD_Data2025_02_27 inclues an update on locations extracted from Minguo zhengfu ge yuanhui keyuan yishang zhiyuanlu 國民政府各院部會科員以上職員錄 (Directory of staff members and above in the ministries and committees of the National Government). Nanjing: Guomin zhengfu wenguanchu yinzhuju 國民政府文官處印鑄局國民政府文官處印鑄局, 1944). We also made corrections in the Prov_Py and Prov_Zh columns as there were some misalignments between the pinyin name and the name in Chines characters. The file now includes 465,128 entries.

MCGD_Data2024_03_23 includes an update on locations in Taiwan from the Asia Directories. Altogether there are 465,603 entries (of which 187 place names without geocoordinates, labelled in the Lat Long columns as "Unknown").

MCGD_Data2023.12.22 contains all the data that we have collected on locations in China, whatever the period. Altogether there are 465,603 entries (of which 187 place names without geocoordinates, labelled in the Lat Long columns as "Unknown"). The dataset also includes locations outside of China for the purpose of matching such locations to the place names extracted from historical sources. For example, one may need to locate individuals born outside of China. Rather than maintaining two separate files, we made the decision to incorporate all the place names found in historical sources in the gazetteer. Such place names can easily be removed by selecting all the entries where the 'Province' data is missing.

Author: Isabelle Guyon
Source: UCI
Please cite: Isabelle Guyon, Steve R. Gunn, Asa Ben-Hur, Gideon Dror, 2004. Result analysis of the NIPS 2003 feature selection challenge.

Abstract:

MADELON is an artificial dataset, which was part of the NIPS 2003 feature selection challenge. This is a two-class classification problem with continuous input variables. The difficulty is that the problem is multivariate and highly non-linear.

Source:

Isabelle Guyon Clopinet 955 Creston Road Berkeley, CA 90708 isabelle '@' clopinet.com

Data Set Information:

MADELON is an artificial dataset containing data points grouped in 32 clusters placed on the vertices of a five-dimensional hypercube and randomly labeled +1 or -1. The five dimensions constitute 5 informative features. 15 linear combinations of those features were added to form a set of 20 (redundant) informative features. Based on those 20 features one must separate the examples into the 2 classes (corresponding to the +-1 labels). It was added a number of distractor feature called 'probes' having no predictive power. The order of the features and patterns were randomized.

This dataset is one of five datasets used in the NIPS 2003 feature selection challenge. The original data was split into training, validation and test set. Target values are provided only for two first sets (not for the test set). So, this dataset version contains all the examples from training and validation partitions.

There is no attribute information provided to avoid biasing the feature selection process.

Relevant Papers:

The best challenge entrants wrote papers collected in the book: Isabelle Guyon, Steve Gunn, Masoud Nikravesh, Lofti Zadeh (Eds.), Feature Extraction, Foundations and Applications. Studies in Fuzziness and Soft Computing. Physica-Verlag, Springer.

Isabelle Guyon, et al, 2007. Competitive baseline methods set new standards for the NIPS 2003 feature selection benchmark. Pattern Recognition Letters 28 (2007) 1438–1444.

Isabelle Guyon, et al. 2006. Feature selection with the CLOP package. Technical Report.

This dataset is related to the research paper "Wine quality rapid detection using a compact electronic nose system: application focused on spoilage thresholds by acetic acid" published in LWT journal (available online from April 1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2019.03.074), and the data paper "Electronic nose dataset for detection of wine spoilage thresholds" submitted to Data in Brief journal. For more details read the mentioned articles and cite our work whether found useful.

The recorded time series was acquired at the sampling frequency of 18.5Hz during 180 seconds, resulting in 3330 data points per sensor.

Each file in the dataset has eight columns: relative humidity (%), temperature (°C), and the resistance readings in kΩ of the six gas sensors: MQ-3, MQ-4, MQ-6, MQ-3, MQ-4, MQ-6.

We organized the database in three folders for the wines: AQ_Wines, HQ_Wines, LQ_Wines; and one folder for the ethanol: Ethanol. Each folder contains text files that correspond to different measurements.

The filename identify the wine measurement as follows: the first 2 characters of the filename are an identifier of the spoilage wine threshold (AQ: average-quality, HQ: high-quality, LQ: low-quality); characters 4-9 indicate the wine brand; characters 11-13 indicate the bottle, and the last 3 characters indicate the repetition (another sample of the same bottle). For example, file LQ_Wine01-B01_R01 contains the time series recorded when low-quality wine of the brand 01, bottle 01, sample 01 was measured.

The filenames into the Ethanol folder identify the measurements at different concentrations: the first 2 characters of the filename are an identifier of Ethanol (Ea); characters 4-5 indicate the concentration in v/v (C1: 1%, C2: 2.5%, C3: 5%, C4: 10%, C5: 15%, C6: 20%); and the last 3 characters indicate the repetition. For example, file Ea-C1_R01 contains time series acquired when Ethanol at 1% v/v of concentration, sample 01 was measured.

About this dataset

Context

The dataset tabulates the Center Point population over the last 20 plus years. It lists the population for each year, along with the year on year change in population, as well as the change in percentage terms for each year. The dataset can be utilized to understand the population change of Center Point across the last two decades. For example, using this dataset, we can identify if the population is declining or increasing. If there is a change, when the population peaked, or if it is still growing and has not reached its peak. We can also compare the trend with the overall trend of United States population over the same period of time.

Key observations

In 2022, the population of Center Point was 2,559, a 0.47% decrease year-by-year from 2021. Previously, in 2021, Center Point population was 2,571, a decline of 0.54% compared to a population of 2,585 in 2020. Over the last 20 plus years, between 2000 and 2022, population of Center Point increased by 545. In this period, the peak population was 2,585 in the year 2020. The numbers suggest that the population has already reached its peak and is showing a trend of decline. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Content

When available, the data consists of estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates Program (PEP).

Data Coverage:

• From 2000 to 2022

Variables / Data Columns

• Year: This column displays the data year (Measured annually and for years 2000 to 2022)
• Population: The population for the specific year for the Center Point is shown in this column.
• Year on Year Change: This column displays the change in Center Point population for each year compared to the previous year.
• Change in Percent: This column displays the year on year change as a percentage. Please note that the sum of all percentages may not equal one due to rounding of values.

Good to know

Margin of Error

Data in the dataset are based on the estimates and are subject to sampling variability and thus a margin of error. Neilsberg Research recommends using caution when presening these estimates in your research.

Custom data

If you do need custom data for any of your research project, report or presentation, you can contact our research staff at research@neilsberg.com for a feasibility of a custom tabulation on a fee-for-service basis.

Inspiration

Neilsberg Research Team curates, analyze and publishes demographics and economic data from a variety of public and proprietary sources, each of which often includes multiple surveys and programs. The large majority of Neilsberg Research aggregated datasets and insights is made available for free download at https://www.neilsberg.com/research/.

Recommended for further research

This dataset is a part of the main dataset for Center Point Population by Year. You can refer the same here

Overview

Data points present in this dataset were obtained following the subsequent steps: To assess the secretion efficiency of the constructs, 96 colonies from the selection plates were evaluated using the workflow presented in Figure Workflow. We picked transformed colonies and cultured in 400 μL TAP medium for 7 days in Deep-well plates (Corning Axygen®, No.: PDW500CS, Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA), covered with Breathe-Easy® (Sigma-Aldrich®). Cultivation was performed on a rotary shaker, set to 150 rpm, under constant illumination (50 μmol photons/m²s). Then 100 μL sample were transferred clear bottom 96-well plate (Corning Costar, Tewksbury, MA, USA) and fluorescence was measured using an Infinite® M200 PRO plate reader (Tecan, Männedorf, Switzerland). Fluorescence was measured at excitation 575/9 nm and emission 608/20 nm. Supernatant samples were obtained by spinning Deep-well plates at 3000 × g for 10 min and transferring 100 μL from each well to the clear bottom 96-well plate (Corning Costar, Tewksbury, MA, USA), followed by fluorescence measurement. To compare the constructs, R Statistic version 3.3.3 was used to perform one-way ANOVA (with Tukey's test), and to test statistical hypotheses, the significance level was set at 0.05. Graphs were generated in RStudio v1.0.136. The codes are deposit herein.

Info

ANOVA_Turkey_Sub.R -> code for ANOVA analysis in R statistic 3.3.3

barplot_R.R -> code to generate bar plot in R statistic 3.3.3

boxplotv2.R -> code to generate boxplot in R statistic 3.3.3

pRFU_+_bk.csv -> relative supernatant mCherry fluorescence dataset of positive colonies, blanked with parental wild-type cc1690 cell of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

sup_+_bl.csv -> supernatant mCherry fluorescence dataset of positive colonies, blanked with parental wild-type cc1690 cell of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

sup_raw.csv -> supernatant mCherry fluorescence dataset of 96 colonies for each construct.

who_+_bl2.csv -> whole culture mCherry fluorescence dataset of positive colonies, blanked with parental wild-type cc1690 cell of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

who_raw.csv -> whole culture mCherry fluorescence dataset of 96 colonies for each construct.

who_+_Chlo.csv -> whole culture chlorophyll fluorescence dataset of 96 colonies for each construct.

Anova_Output_Summary_Guide.pdf -> Explain the ANOVA files content

ANOVA_pRFU_+_bk.doc -> ANOVA of relative supernatant mCherry fluorescence dataset of positive colonies, blanked with parental wild-type cc1690 cell of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

ANOVA_sup_+_bk.doc -> ANOVA of supernatant mCherry fluorescence dataset of positive colonies, blanked with parental wild-type cc1690 cell of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

ANOVA_who_+_bk.doc -> ANOVA of whole culture mCherry fluorescence dataset of positive colonies, blanked with parental wild-type cc1690 cell of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

ANOVA_Chlo.doc -> ANOVA of whole culture chlorophyll fluorescence of all constructs, plus average and standard deviation values.

Consider citing our work.

Molino JVD, de Carvalho JCM, Mayfield SP (2018) Comparison of secretory signal peptides for heterologous protein expression in microalgae: Expanding the secretion portfolio for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLoS ONE 13(2): e0192433. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0192433