As of February 2025, the largest fine issued for violation of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the United Kingdom (UK) was more than 22 million euros, received by British Airways in October 2020. Another fine received by Marriott International Inc. in the same month was the second-highest in the UK and amounted to over 20 million euros.

A survey conducted in April and May 2023 revealed that around ** percent of the companies that do business in the European Union (EU) and the United Kingdom (UK) found it challenging to adapt to new or changing requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA). A further ** percent of the survey respondents said it was challenging to increase the budget because of the changes in the data privacy laws.

A survey conducted in April and May 2023 among companies that do business in the European Union and the United Kingdom (UK) found that over half of the respondents, ** percent, felt very prepared for the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). A further ** percent of the companies believed they were moderately prepared, while ** percent said they were slightly ready to comply with the EU and UK privacy legislations.

In the United Kingdom, consumer concerns around use of personal data by companies centered on more accountability from the side of the companies, according to a survey conducted among internet users in the UK. ** percent of respondents said they thought companies should be held accountable in the case of data misuse. Another ** percent of consumers who took part in the survey said they wanted to see transparency on marketing and advertising practices carried out by companies.

Deze dataset is een centrale catalogus van Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIA's) van smart city-projecten die persoonlijke informatie verzamelen in openbare ruimtes. Door dit voor het eerst op één plaats te publiceren, zal het publieke transparantie mogelijk maken en goede praktijken onder exploitanten ondersteunen.

Een DPIA helpt bij het identificeren en minimaliseren van de risico's van een project dat persoonsgegevens gebruikt.

DPIA registratieformulier: "https://www.london.gov.uk/dpia-register-form" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(158, 0, 98);">https://www.london.gov.uk/dpia-register-form

Informatiecommissaris DPIA: https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/accountability-and-governance/data-protection-impact-assessments/

Deze dataset is een centrale catalogus van Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIA's) van smart city-projecten die persoonlijke informatie verzamelen in openbare ruimtes. Door dit voor het eerst op één plaats te publiceren, zal het publieke transparantie mogelijk maken en goede praktijken onder exploitanten ondersteunen.

Een DPIA helpt bij het identificeren en minimaliseren van de risico's van een project dat persoonsgegevens gebruikt.

DPIA registratieformulier: "https://www.london.gov.uk/dpia-register-form" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(158, 0, 98);">https://www.london.gov.uk/dpia-register-form

Informatiecommissaris DPIA: "https://data.london.gov.uk/dpia/_wp_link_placeholder" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(158, 0, 98);">https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/guide-to-data-protection/guide-to-the-general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr/accountability-and-governance/data-protection-impact-assessments/

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic brought global disruption to health, society and economy, including to the conduct of clinical research. In the European Union (EU), the legal and ethical framework for research is complex and divergent. Many challenges exist in relation to the interplay of the various applicable rules, particularly with respect to compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This study aimed to gain insights into the experience of key clinical research stakeholders [investigators, ethics committees (ECs), and data protection officers (DPOs)/legal experts working with clinical research sponsors] across the EU and the UK on the main challenges related to data protection in clinical research before and during the pandemic.Materials and methodsThe study consisted of an online survey and follow-up semi-structured interviews. Data collection occurred between April and December 2021. Survey data was analyzed descriptively, and the interviews underwent a framework analysis.Results and conclusionIn total, 191 respondents filled in the survey, of whom fourteen participated in the follow-up interviews. Out of the targeted 28 countries (EU and UK), 25 were represented in the survey. The majority of stakeholders were based in Western Europe. This study empirically elucidated numerous key legal and ethical issues related to GDPR compliance in the context of (cross-border) clinical research. It showed that the lack of legal harmonization remains the biggest challenge in the field, and that it is present not only at the level of the interplay of key EU legislative acts and national implementation of the GDPR, but also when it comes to interpretation at local, regional and institutional levels. Moreover, the role of ECs in data protection was further explored and possible ways forward for its normative delineation were discussed. According to the participants, the pandemic did not bring additional legal challenges. Although practical challenges (for instance, mainly related to the provision of information to patients) were high due to the globally enacted crisis measures, the key problematic issues on (cross-border) health research, interpretations of the legal texts and compliance strategies remained largely the same.

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic brought global disruption to health, society and economy, including to the conduct of clinical research. In the European Union (EU), the legal and ethical framework for research is complex and divergent. Many challenges exist in relation to the interplay of the various applicable rules, particularly with respect to compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). This study aimed to gain insights into the experience of key clinical research stakeholders [investigators, ethics committees (ECs), and data protection officers (DPOs)/legal experts working with clinical research sponsors] across the EU and the UK on the main challenges related to data protection in clinical research before and during the pandemic.Materials and methodsThe study consisted of an online survey and follow-up semi-structured interviews. Data collection occurred between April and December 2021. Survey data was analyzed descriptively, and the interviews underwent a framework analysis.Results and conclusionIn total, 191 respondents filled in the survey, of whom fourteen participated in the follow-up interviews. Out of the targeted 28 countries (EU and UK), 25 were represented in the survey. The majority of stakeholders were based in Western Europe. This study empirically elucidated numerous key legal and ethical issues related to GDPR compliance in the context of (cross-border) clinical research. It showed that the lack of legal harmonization remains the biggest challenge in the field, and that it is present not only at the level of the interplay of key EU legislative acts and national implementation of the GDPR, but also when it comes to interpretation at local, regional and institutional levels. Moreover, the role of ECs in data protection was further explored and possible ways forward for its normative delineation were discussed. According to the participants, the pandemic did not bring additional legal challenges. Although practical challenges (for instance, mainly related to the provision of information to patients) were high due to the globally enacted crisis measures, the key problematic issues on (cross-border) health research, interpretations of the legal texts and compliance strategies remained largely the same.

Whilst this some of the requested information is held by the NHSBSA, we have exempted some of the figures under section 40(2) subsections 2 and 3(a) of the FOIA because it is personal data of applicants to the VDPS. This is because it would breach the first data protection principle as: a - it is not fair to disclose individual’s personal details to the world and is likely to cause damage or distress. b - these details are not of sufficient interest to the public to warrant an intrusion into the privacy of the individual. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/36/section/40 Information Commissioner Office (ICO) Guidance is that information is personal data if it ‘relates to’ an ‘identifiable individual’ regulated by the UK General Data Protection Regulation (UK GDPR) or the Data Protection Act 2018. The information relates to personal data of the VDPS claimants and is special category data in the form of health information. As a result, the claimants could be identified, when combined with other information that may be in the public domain or reasonably available. Online communities exist for those adversely affected by vaccines they have received. This further increases the likelihood that those may be identified by disclosure of this information. Section 40(2) is an absolute, prejudice-based exemption and therefore is exempt if disclosure would contravene any of the data protection principles. To comply with the lawfulness, fairness, and transparency data protection principle, we either need the consent of the data subject(s) or there must be a legitimate interest in disclosure. In addition, the disclosure must be necessary to meet the legitimate interest and finally, the disclosure must not cause unwarranted harm. The NHSBSA has considered this and does not have the consent of the data subjects to release this information and believes that it would not be possible to obtain consent that meets the threshold in Article 7 of the UK GDPR. The NHSBSA acknowledges that you have a legitimate interest in disclosure of the information to provide the full picture of data held by the NHSBSA; however, we have concluded that disclosure of the requested information would cause unwarranted harm and therefore, section 40(2) is engaged. This is because there is a reasonable expectation that patient data processed by the NHSBSA remains confidential, especially special category data. There are no reasonable alternative measures that could meet the legitimate aim. As the information is highly confidential and sensitive, it outweighs the legitimate interest in the information. Section 41 FOIA This information is also exempt under section 41 of the FOIA (information provided in confidence). This is because the requested information was provided to the NHSBSA in confidence by a third party - another individual, company, public authority or any other type of legal entity. In this instance, details have been provided by the claimants. For Section 41 to be engaged, the following criteria must be fulfilled:

Since the enforcement of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in May 2018, fines have been issued for several types of violations. As of February 2025, the most significant share of penalties was due to companies' non-compliance with general data processing principles. This violation has led to over 2.4 billion euros worth of fines.

Een Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) is een van de manieren om erachter te komen welke privacyrisico’s mensen lopen wanneer informatie over hen wordt verzameld, gebruikt, opgeslagen of gedeeld. Dit helpt de Londense gemeente Barnet problemen te vinden zodat risico’s kunnen worden weggenomen of verlaagd tot een aanvaardbaar niveau. Het bezuinigt ook op inbreuken op de privacy en klachten die de reputatie van de Raad kunnen schaden of leiden tot actie van de Information Commissioner (de waakhond van de regering). De London Borough of Barnet maakt DPIA’s openbaar in zijn Data Charter en de Data Protection Act 2018 en UK GDPR. Een Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA) is een van de manieren om erachter te komen welke privacyrisico’s mensen lopen wanneer informatie over hen wordt verzameld, gebruikt, opgeslagen of gedeeld. Dit helpt de Londense gemeente Barnet problemen te vinden zodat risico’s kunnen worden weggenomen of verlaagd tot een aanvaardbaar niveau. Het bezuinigt ook op inbreuken op de privacy en klachten die de reputatie van de Raad kunnen schaden of leiden tot actie van de Information Commissioner (de waakhond van de regering).

De London Borough of Barnet maakt DPIA’s openbaar in zijn Data Charter en de Data Protection Act 2018 en UK GDPR.

Between 2018 and 2022, there has been a significant increase in the level of awareness around the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) among European users. In 2018, when the GDPR was first applied, the United Kingdom had the highest level of awareness, with 32 percent of respondents agreeing or strongly agreeing with the statement: "I am aware of the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) that will be introduced in May 2018". In 2022, the share of UK respondents agreeing with the statement increased to 73 percent. France had the lowest level of awareness in 2018, 20 percent, whereas in 2022 it reached 47 percent but remained the lowest among other European markets.

Question 2 National Audit Office (NAO) are the auditors of the NHS Pension Scheme Accounts. The main contact at NAO has not consented to the disclosure and is therefore exempt under 40 subsections 2 and 3A (a) of the Freedom of Information Act 2000, as disclosure of this information would be unfair and as such this would breach the UK GDPR first data protection principle because: a) it is not fair to disclose main contact of the NAO personal details to the world and is likely to cause damage or distress. b) these details are not of sufficient interest to the public to warrant an intrusion into the privacy of the main contact of the NAO. NAO have provided the name of the Auditor General, Gareth Davies Government Internal Audit Agency (GIAA) currently provide Internal Audit for the NHSBSA. This includes the following areas of NHS pensions for 2023/24: Member Data McCloud and other Legislative Changes . Pensions Annual Allowance Charge Compensation Scheme (PAACCS) My NHS Pensions Portal Government Internal Audit Agency (GIAA) - The main contact at GIAA has not consented to the disclosure and is therefore exempt under 40 subsections 2 and 3A (a) of the Freedom of Information Act 2000, as disclosure of this information would be unfair and as such this would breach the UK GDPR first data protection principle because: a) it is not fair to disclose main contact of the Government Internal Audit Agency’s personal details to the world and is likely to cause damage or distress. b) these details are not of sufficient interest to the public to warrant an intrusion into the privacy of the main contact of the Government Internal Audit Agency. Please click the below web link to see the exemption in full. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/36/section/40 Question 3 National Audit Office (NAO) National Audit Office 157-197 Buckingham Palace Road London SW1W 9SP Government Internal Audit Agency (GIAA) Governance Team Corporate Services Directorate Government Internal Audit Agency 10 Victoria Street Westminster London SW1H 0NB United Kingdom Question 4

The Data Resiliency market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach $16.65 billion by 2025 and maintain a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 18.5% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. The increasing frequency and severity of cyberattacks, coupled with stringent data privacy regulations like GDPR and CCPA, are driving organizations to prioritize data protection and recovery strategies. The rise of cloud computing, while offering scalability and flexibility, also introduces new vulnerabilities, thus boosting demand for robust data resiliency solutions. Furthermore, the growing adoption of digital transformation initiatives across various industries is generating massive amounts of data, making effective data management and resilience crucial for business continuity. The market is segmented by deployment (on-premises and cloud), with the cloud segment expected to witness faster growth due to its inherent scalability and cost-effectiveness. Competition is intensifying among leading companies, each employing various competitive strategies such as mergers and acquisitions, strategic partnerships, and product innovation to gain market share. North America currently holds a significant market share, driven by early adoption of advanced technologies and stringent regulatory frameworks. However, regions like APAC, particularly China and Japan, are exhibiting rapid growth potential due to increasing digitalization and investment in data infrastructure. The forecast period (2025-2033) presents significant opportunities for vendors offering innovative solutions that address the evolving data protection landscape. These include advanced backup and recovery solutions, data replication technologies, disaster recovery as a service (DRaaS), and robust security measures. While the market faces challenges such as high initial investment costs and complexity in implementing data resiliency strategies, the long-term benefits of preventing data loss and ensuring business continuity far outweigh the costs. The ongoing evolution of data storage technologies, coupled with the increasing sophistication of cyber threats, will continue to shape the market's trajectory, creating a dynamic environment for both established players and emerging companies.

Uncover a wealth of market insights with our comprehensive Ecommerce dataset, meticulously collected using advanced web automation techniques. Our web-scraped dataset offers a diverse range of product information from various Ecommerce platforms, enabling you to gain a competitive edge and make informed business decisions.

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GDPR Compliance: We prioritize data privacy and strictly adhere to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) guidelines. Our dataset collection process ensures that personal and sensitive information is handled securely and with utmost confidentiality.

Rich Attribute Set: Our dataset includes a wide range of attributes, such as product details, images, specifications, seller information, customer ratings, and reviews. Leverage this comprehensive information to conduct in-depth market analysis, product benchmarking, and customer sentiment analysis.

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Unlock the Power of Behavioural Data with GDPR-Compliant Clickstream Insights.

Swash clickstream data offers a comprehensive and GDPR-compliant dataset sourced from users worldwide, encompassing both desktop and mobile browsing behaviour. Here's an in-depth look at what sets us apart and how our data can benefit your organisation.

User-Centric Approach: Unlike traditional data collection methods, we take a user-centric approach by rewarding users for the data they willingly provide. This unique methodology ensures transparent data collection practices, encourages user participation, and establishes trust between data providers and consumers.

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Data Quality and Credibility: We take data quality seriously. Our data sourcing practices are designed to ensure responsible and reliable data collection. We implement rigorous data cleaning, validation, and verification processes, guaranteeing the accuracy and reliability of our clickstream data. You can confidently rely on our data to drive your decision-making processes.

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GDPR Compliance: We prioritize data privacy and strictly adhere to the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) guidelines. Rest assured that our B2B Contact Database is GDPR compliant, ensuring the protection of personal and sensitive information.

I can confirm that we do hold the requested information however, we consider the name and General Medical Council (GMC) number to be personal data under section 3(2) of the Data Protection Act 2018. Disclosure of the medical assessor’s name or GMC number would result in the identification of the medical assessor when entered into the GMC public register. As the requested information would allow a medical assessor to be identified, I consider this information is exempt under section 40(2) and 40(3A)(a) of the FOIA (personal information). This is because it would breach the first data protection principle as: a) it is not fair to disclose medical assessors’ personal details to the world and is likely to cause damage or distress. b) these details are not of sufficient interest to the public to warrant an intrusion into the privacy of the medical assessor. For disclosure to comply with the lawfulness, fairness, and transparency principle, we either need the consent of the medical assessor or there must be a legitimate interest in disclosure. In addition, the disclosure must be necessary to meet that interest and finally, the disclosure must not cause unwarranted harm. In this case we do not have the consent of the medical assessor to disclose their personal information. This means that the NHSBSA is therefore required to conduct a balancing exercise between the legitimate interest in disclosing the information against the rights and freedoms of the medical assessor. Having reviewed the information you have provided I acknowledge that you have a legitimate interest in disclosure of the information. However, I agree with the previous decision that disclosure of the requested information would cause unwarranted harm. Whilst I acknowledge your comments on this, disclosure under FOIA is to the world and therefore the NHSBSA has to consider the overall impact of the disclosure and its duty of care. The expectation of the medical assessors is that they will remain anonymous and will therefore not be subject to contact or pressure from claimants or campaigning groups. Given the certainty that the name and/or GMC number will identify the medical assessor there is a reasonable expectation that this information would not be disclosed under the FOIA. Disclosing this information would be unfair and as such this would breach the UK General Data Protection Regulation first data protection principle. Please see the following link to view the section 40 exemption in full - https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/36/section/40

Silencio’s Anonymized Location Dataset offers unique insights into real-world human mobility, collected from a community of 1M+ actively opted-in users who voluntarily agree to share their data for commercial use. The dataset focuses exclusively on people movement patterns, aggregated into anonymized pedestrian and mobility flows.

We maintain a healthy and active dataset with: • 20–40K daily active users (DAU) • 300–400K monthly active users (MAU)

This enables us to provide consistent, fresh, and geographically balanced mobility data.

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Silencio is built on privacy-first principles, collecting data only from users who explicitly opt-in to share and commercialize their data, in full compliance with GDPR and other global data protection regulations.

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Our combination of real movement data, active user base, and ethical data practices makes this dataset ideal for any organization looking for privacy-compliant, real-world mobility insights.