Zip file containing .csv files of all proxy records listed in Tables A1 and A2 of the paper "Was the Little Ice Age more or less El Niño-like than the Medieval Climate Anomaly? Evidence from hydrological and temperature proxy data".Tree ring records taken from the Mann et al. (2008) dataset are in a separate folder called "Mann2008". These are named as abbreviated location followed by a core number.All other file names follow the format [author][yyyy][optional suffix].Each file contains a "YearBP" column (age in years before present) and a column with proxy data points.All proxy records in this collection were originally downloaded from the NOAA Paleoclimatology/Pangaea Databases (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets), including the Mann et al. (2008) tree ring dataset and the Tierney et al. (2015) coral dataset.

Data Center Proxy Service Market Outlook

The global data center proxy service market is poised to expand significantly, with a market size of approximately USD 1.5 billion in 2023, projected to grow to around USD 4.2 billion by 2032, reflecting a robust CAGR of 12.3% during the forecast period. The primary growth drivers for the market include the increasing demand for anonymity and security in online activities, the rising need for data scraping and web crawling services, and the expanding digital ecosystem that requires robust data protection mechanisms.

The proliferation of cyber threats and the need for enhanced internet security have significantly influenced the growth of the data center proxy service market. Enterprises and individuals are increasingly seeking solutions to protect their online identities and safeguard their data from malicious activities. Data center proxies offer an effective means to conceal IP addresses and provide anonymity, thereby playing a crucial role in mitigating cyber risks and enhancing online privacy. Additionally, the increasing adoption of data scraping and web crawling for business intelligence and market research purposes is propelling the demand for proxy services, as these activities often require bypassing geo-restrictions and avoiding IP bans.

Moreover, the growing e-commerce sector and the need for ad verification have further fueled the demand for data center proxy services. Online retailers and advertisers utilize these services to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of their digital marketing efforts, thereby optimizing their advertising spend and improving ROI. The rise in fraudulent activities and ad fraud has underscored the importance of ad verification, driving the adoption of proxy services to ensure that ads are displayed correctly and reach the intended audience without being manipulated by malicious actors.

The increasing digitalization across various industries, including IT and telecommunications, BFSI, healthcare, and retail, is also contributing to the market's growth. As organizations continue to embrace digital transformation, the need for secure and reliable internet connectivity becomes paramount. Data center proxies facilitate seamless and secure online interactions, enabling businesses to operate efficiently in the digital landscape. Furthermore, the rise of remote work and the need for secure remote access solutions amid the COVID-19 pandemic have accentuated the importance of data center proxy services.

Regionally, North America holds a significant share of the global data center proxy service market, driven by the presence of major technology companies and a highly developed IT infrastructure. The region's emphasis on cybersecurity and data protection has led to widespread adoption of proxy services. Additionally, the Asia Pacific region is expected to witness substantial growth during the forecast period, owing to rapid digitalization, increasing internet penetration, and growing awareness about online privacy and security. The expanding e-commerce sector and rising investments in IT infrastructure in countries like China and India further bolster the market's growth in this region.

Type Analysis

The data center proxy service market by type is segmented into dedicated proxies, shared proxies, and semi-dedicated proxies. Dedicated proxies are allocated to a single user or entity, providing a higher level of security and performance. These proxies are often preferred by businesses and professionals who require reliable and secure internet connectivity for sensitive activities such as online banking, data scraping, and market research. The growing emphasis on cybersecurity and the increasing need for high-performance internet connections are driving the demand for dedicated proxies. The segment is expected to witness significant growth, with businesses increasingly opting for dedicated solutions to ensure optimal performance and security.

Shared proxies, on the other hand, are used by multiple users simultaneously. While these proxies are more cost-effective compared to dedicated proxies, they may offer lower performance and security. Shared proxies are often utilized for less sensitive activities such as web browsing and basic online tasks. Despite the limitations, the cost advantage of shared proxies makes them an attractive option for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and individual users. The segment is anticipated to maintain steady growth, driven by the demand from cost-conscious users who require basic proxy services for everyday internet activities.

The Data Center Proxy Service market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing demand for secure and reliable internet access for businesses and organizations across various sectors. The market's expansion is fueled by several key factors: the rising adoption of cloud computing, the need for enhanced data security and privacy, the proliferation of web scraping and data extraction activities, and the growing prevalence of geographically dispersed teams requiring seamless online collaboration. The manufacturing, media, and government sectors are significant consumers, leveraging proxy services for tasks ranging from efficient data collection and market research to secure remote access and enhanced online anonymity. Different proxy types, including free public, shared, and private proxies, cater to diverse needs and budget constraints, with private proxies commanding a premium due to their enhanced security and performance features. While the market faces some restraints, such as concerns about the misuse of proxy services for malicious activities and the complexity of managing large-scale proxy deployments, the overall trajectory points towards continued expansion. The competitive landscape includes both established players and emerging providers, indicating a dynamic and innovative market environment. The projected Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) suggests a substantial increase in market value over the forecast period (2025-2033). This growth is anticipated across all geographical regions, with North America and Europe initially holding significant market share due to early adoption and well-established digital infrastructures. However, regions like Asia-Pacific are expected to witness rapid growth in the coming years driven by expanding internet penetration and increasing digitalization across industries. The segmentation by application and proxy type reveals opportunities for specialized service providers to cater to niche needs, further contributing to market diversification and growth. Companies involved in this market range from major players offering comprehensive data solutions to smaller, more specialized firms focusing on specific aspects of proxy services. The ongoing evolution of internet technologies and the increasing demand for sophisticated online security solutions will continue to shape the future of the Data Center Proxy Service market.

The global proxy server market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand for secure and anonymous online access across various sectors. The market's expansion is fueled by the rising adoption of cloud computing, the escalating need for data privacy and security, e-commerce activities, and web scraping for market research and competitive intelligence. Businesses, particularly large enterprises and SMEs, are leveraging proxy servers to bypass geographical restrictions, enhance data security, and improve website performance. The web-based segment holds a significant market share due to its ease of accessibility and deployment, although client-based solutions continue to cater to specific needs for enhanced control and security. North America and Europe currently dominate the market, but the Asia-Pacific region is projected to witness substantial growth in the coming years fueled by increasing internet penetration and digitalization initiatives across countries like India and China. While the market faces restraints such as concerns regarding data breaches and regulatory compliance, ongoing technological advancements and increasing sophistication of proxy server solutions are expected to mitigate these challenges. We estimate the market size to be approximately $8 billion in 2025, based on industry reports and observed growth trends. This figure is expected to witness a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 15% between 2025 and 2033, leading to significant market expansion over the forecast period. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established players and emerging companies. Bright Data, SOAX, and Smartproxy are some of the key players offering a wide array of proxy server solutions. These companies are constantly innovating to meet the evolving needs of their clients, focusing on improvements in speed, reliability, anonymity, and advanced features such as dedicated IPs and rotating proxies. The market is also witnessing increased competition from smaller niche players offering specialized services. The success of companies in this market will hinge on their ability to provide high-quality, secure, and reliable proxy services, coupled with strong customer support and innovative solutions that address the evolving needs of various industries. Further expansion is expected through strategic partnerships, mergers and acquisitions, and the development of cutting-edge technologies to enhance the functionality and security of proxy servers.

The Data Center Proxy Service market is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach $342 billion in 2025. While the precise Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) isn't provided, considering the rapid expansion of data-driven industries and the increasing need for secure and scalable online access, a conservative estimate of 15% CAGR from 2025 to 2033 is reasonable. This signifies a substantial market expansion over the forecast period. Key drivers include the rising adoption of cloud computing, the surge in demand for web scraping and data collection, increased focus on data privacy and security, and the expanding application of proxy services across diverse sectors. The market is segmented by proxy type (Free Public Proxy, Shared Proxy, Private Proxy) and application (Manufacturing, Media, Government Department, Others). The competitive landscape is highly fragmented, with numerous players ranging from established data giants like Acxiom, Experian, and Equifax to specialized proxy service providers. Regional growth is anticipated to be strongest in North America and Asia Pacific, driven by high technological adoption and a large user base in these regions. The restraints on market growth include concerns about regulatory compliance, potential misuse of proxy services, and the inherent challenges in maintaining service reliability and security. The projected growth trajectory indicates significant opportunities for market entrants and existing players alike. Strategic partnerships, technological advancements, and a focus on robust security measures will be crucial for success. The expansion into emerging markets, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, offers untapped potential. Furthermore, the market will likely witness increased consolidation as larger players acquire smaller businesses to expand their market share and service offerings. This dynamic market environment necessitates continuous innovation and adaptability to effectively address evolving customer needs and security challenges. The shift toward more sophisticated proxy solutions, such as those offering enhanced anonymity and security features, is anticipated to gain traction in the coming years.

This dataset contains all data and code necessary to reproduce the analysis presented in the manuscript: Winzeler, H.E., Owens, P.R., Read Q.D.., Libohova, Z., Ashworth, A., Sauer, T. 2022. 2022. Topographic wetness index as a proxy for soil moisture in a hillslope catena: flow algorithms and map generalization. Land 11:2018. DOI: 10.3390/land11112018. There are several steps to this analysis. The relevant scripts for each are listed below. The first step is to use the raw digital elevation data (DEM) to produce different versions of the topographic wetness index (TWI) for the study region (Calculating TWI). Then, these TWI output files are processed, along with soil moisture (volumetric water content or VWC) time series data from a number of sensors located within the study region, to create analysis-ready data objects (Processing TWI and VWC). Next, models are fit relating TWI to soil moisture (Model fitting) and results are plotted (Visualizing main results). A number of additional analyses were also done (Additional analyses). Input data The DEM of the study region is archived in this dataset as SourceDem.zip. This contains the DEM of the study region (DEM1.sgrd) and associated auxiliary files all called DEM1.* with different extensions. In addition, the DEM is provided as a .tif file called USGS_one_meter_x39y400_AR_R6_WashingtonCO_2015.tif. The remaining data and code files are archived in the repository created with a GitHub release on 2022-10-11, twi-moisture-0.1.zip. The data are found in a subfolder called data. 2017_LoggerData_HEW.csv through 2021_HEW.csv: Soil moisture (VWC) logger data for each year 2017-2021 (5 files total). 2882174.csv: weather data from a nearby station. DryPeriods2017-2021.csv: starting and ending days for dry periods 2017-2021. LoggerLocations.csv: Geographic locations and metadata for each VWC logger. Logger_Locations_TWI_2017-2021.xlsx: 546 topographic wetness indexes calculated at each VWC logger location. note: This is intermediate input created in the first step of the pipeline. Code pipeline To reproduce the analysis in the manuscript run these scripts in the following order. The scripts are all found in the root directory of the repository. See the manuscript for more details on the methods. Calculating TWI TerrainAnalysis.R: Taking the DEM file as input, calculates 546 different topgraphic wetness indexes using a variety of different algorithms. Each algorithm is run multiple times with different input parameters, as described in more detail in the manuscript. After performing this step, it is necessary to use the SAGA-GIS GUI to extract the TWI values for each of the sensor locations. The output generated in this way is included in this repository as Logger_Locations_TWI_2017-2021.xlsx. Therefore it is not necessary to rerun this step of the analysis but the code is provided for completeness. Processing TWI and VWC read_process_data.R: Takes raw TWI and moisture data files and processes them into analysis-ready format, saving the results as CSV. qc_avg_moisture.R: Does additional quality control on the moisture data and averages it across different time periods. Model fitting Models were fit regressing soil moisture (average VWC for a certain time period) against a TWI index, with and without soil depth as a covariate. In each case, for both the model without depth and the model with depth, prediction performance was calculated with and without spatially-blocked cross-validation. Where cross validation wasn't used, we simply used the predictions from the model fit to all the data. fit_combos.R: Models were fit to each combination of soil moisture averaged over 57 months (all months from April 2017-December 2021) and 546 TWI indexes. In addition models were fit to soil moisture averaged over years, and to the grand mean across the full study period. fit_dryperiods.R: Models were fit to soil moisture averaged over previously identified dry periods within the study period (each 1 or 2 weeks in length), again for each of the 546 indexes. fit_summer.R: Models were fit to the soil moisture average for the months of June-September for each of the five years, again for each of the 546 indexes. Visualizing main results Preliminary visualization of results was done in a series of RMarkdown notebooks. All the notebooks follow the same general format, plotting model performance (observed-predicted correlation) across different combinations of time period and characteristics of the TWI indexes being compared. The indexes are grouped by SWI versus TWI, DEM filter used, flow algorithm, and any other parameters that varied. The notebooks show the model performance metrics with and without the soil depth covariate, and with and without spatially-blocked cross-validation. Crossing those two factors, there are four values for model performance for each combination of time period and TWI index presented. performance_plots_bymonth.Rmd: Using the results from the models fit to each month of data separately, prediction performance was averaged by month across the five years of data to show within-year trends. performance_plots_byyear.Rmd: Using the results from the models fit to each month of data separately, prediction performance was averaged by year to show trends across multiple years. performance_plots_dry_periods.Rmd: Prediction performance was presented for the models fit to the previously identified dry periods. performance_plots_summer.Rmd: Prediction performance was presented for the models fit to the June-September moisture averages. Additional analyses Some additional analyses were done that may not be published in the final manuscript but which are included here for completeness. 2019dryperiod.Rmd: analysis, done separately for each day, of a specific dry period in 2019. alldryperiodsbyday.Rmd: analysis, done separately for each day, of the same dry periods discussed above. best_indices.R: after fitting models, this script was used to quickly identify some of the best-performing indexes for closer scrutiny. wateryearfigs.R: exploratory figures showing median and quantile interval of VWC for sensors in low and high TWI locations for each water year. Resources in this dataset:Resource Title: Digital elevation model of study region. File Name: SourceDEM.zipResource Description: .zip archive containing digital elevation model files for the study region. See dataset description for more details.Resource Title: twi-moisture-0.1: Archived git repository containing all other necessary data and code . File Name: twi-moisture-0.1.zipResource Description: .zip archive containing all data and code, other than the digital elevation model archived as a separate file. This file was generated by a GitHub release made on 2022-10-11 of the git repository hosted at https://github.com/qdread/twi-moisture (private repository). See dataset description and README file contained within this archive for more details.

The global proxy server market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing demand for secure and private internet access across various sectors. The market, estimated at $2 billion in 2025, is projected to maintain a healthy Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $6 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, the rise of data-driven businesses necessitates the use of proxy servers for web scraping, competitive intelligence gathering, and efficient data collection. Secondly, the growing concerns about online privacy and security are prompting individuals and organizations to adopt proxy servers to mask their IP addresses and protect their sensitive information from cyber threats. Thirdly, the increasing adoption of cloud computing and the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) are creating new opportunities for proxy server deployment and management. Key restraints include concerns around the ethical and legal use of proxies for malicious activities like DDoS attacks and the potential for proxy providers to compromise user data. The market is segmented by type (residential, data center, anonymous, transparent), application (web scraping, data collection, security & privacy, testing & development), and region, with North America and Europe currently holding significant market shares. Competitive landscape analysis reveals a diverse range of players, including established providers like Bright Data and Oxylabs Proxies, alongside emerging players focusing on specialized solutions. The market is witnessing innovation in areas like advanced anonymity features, improved speed and reliability, and enhanced security protocols. Furthermore, the increasing demand for scalable and cost-effective proxy solutions is encouraging providers to offer various pricing models and subscription options. Future growth will likely be shaped by advancements in AI-powered proxy management, improved integration with other security tools, and the development of specialized proxy solutions for specific industries like finance and e-commerce. The continued adoption of cloud-based proxy services will also play a significant role in shaping market dynamics.

The global proxy server market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand for data privacy, enhanced online security, web scraping, and application testing. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $5 billion, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033. This significant expansion is fueled by the rising adoption of cloud-based services, the proliferation of mobile devices, and the growing concerns surrounding data breaches and IP masking for various business functions and individual privacy. The market is segmented by type (web-based and client-based) and application (large enterprises and SMEs). Web-based proxies are currently dominating the market due to their ease of use and accessibility, while the large enterprise segment accounts for a significant portion of overall revenue due to higher spending capacity and complex IT infrastructure requirements. Regional growth is expected to be geographically diverse, with North America and Europe leading the market initially, followed by a rapid increase in Asia-Pacific as digitalization and technological adoption accelerate across the region. Several factors contribute to the market's growth trajectory. Increased regulatory scrutiny regarding data privacy and online security mandates the adoption of proxy servers for compliance. The burgeoning need for sophisticated web scraping techniques for market research and price comparison necessitates robust proxy solutions. Moreover, the expansion of the testing and development sector relies heavily on the usage of proxy servers for load balancing and security testing. However, challenges exist, including concerns regarding security vulnerabilities, regulatory restrictions in specific regions, and the ongoing emergence of advanced anti-proxy technologies. The market will likely see further consolidation as companies focus on developing more sophisticated and secure proxy solutions to meet the evolving needs of their clientele. The future growth of this market is highly dependent on addressing these limitations and adapting to emerging technologies.

Dynamic IP Proxy Service Market Outlook

The global Dynamic IP Proxy Service market size was estimated to be worth $1.5 billion in 2023, and is projected to reach approximately $5.2 billion by 2032, growing at a CAGR of 14.8% from 2024 to 2032. This substantial growth is driven by the increasing need for anonymized web browsing and heightened online security measures.

The demand for Dynamic IP Proxy Services is primarily fueled by the growing emphasis on cybersecurity and privacy. As the digital landscape expands, so too does the threat of cyberattacks, making anonymized browsing and secure internet access pivotal for both individuals and organizations. The increasing sophistication of cyber threats, including data breaches, phishing attacks, and online fraud, has necessitated the adoption of robust IP proxy services that can offer dynamic IP addresses to circumvent such risks effectively.

Moreover, the rise in remote work and the global shift towards digitalization have significantly bolstered the need for Dynamic IP Proxy Services. With more employees accessing company resources from remote locations, businesses are turning to dynamic IP solutions to ensure secure and encrypted connections. This trend has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has fundamentally altered the way businesses operate, pushing them towards more flexible and secure digital solutions. The market is also seeing growth due to the increased use of web scraping and data harvesting techniques by businesses aiming to gather intelligence and maintain a competitive edge.

Another critical factor driving the market is the growing regulatory scrutiny around data privacy and protection. Legislation such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in Europe and the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) in the U.S. has placed stringent requirements on how companies manage and protect user data. Dynamic IP Proxy Services offer a way for companies to comply with these regulations by ensuring that data transmission is secure and that user identities remain anonymous.

Regionally, North America remains a dominant player in the Dynamic IP Proxy Service market, thanks to its advanced infrastructure and high adoption rates of cybersecurity solutions. However, Asia Pacific is expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period due to the rapid digital transformation across industries in countries like India and China. The rise of e-commerce, coupled with increasing internet penetration, is driving the demand for these services in the region.

Type Analysis

Dynamic IP Proxy Services can be broadly categorized into three types: Residential Proxy, Data Center Proxy, and Mobile Proxy. Residential Proxies are IP addresses assigned by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to homeowners. These proxies are highly sought after due to their legitimacy and low likelihood of being flagged by websites, making them ideal for applications such as web scraping and ad verification. The demand for Residential Proxies is expected to grow significantly, driven by the need for reliable and trustable IP addresses that can bypass sophisticated detection mechanisms implemented by websites.

Data Center Proxies, on the other hand, are IP addresses provided by data centers and are not affiliated with ISPs. These proxies are typically used for tasks that require high-speed internet and large bandwidth, such as bulk data scraping and automated tasks. Their lower cost compared to Residential Proxies makes them an attractive option for businesses looking to perform large-scale data operations without incurring significant expenses. However, they are more susceptible to being blocked by websites due to their association with data centers.

Mobile Proxies represent a unique segment within the Dynamic IP Proxy Service market. These proxies use IP addresses assigned by mobile carriers, making them valuable for tasks that require mobile verification or browsing. The increasing use of mobile devices for internet access and the growing trend of mobile-first strategies among businesses are propelling the demand for Mobile Proxies. These proxies offer a high degree of anonymity and are less likely to be flagged or blocked, making them ideal for various applications, including market research and ad verification.

Each type of proxy service has its own set of advantages and disadvantages, and businesses often choose based on their specific needs and budgets. Residential Proxies are favored for their reliability, Data Center Proxies for their cos

The global proxy software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing demand for data scraping, web automation, and enhanced online privacy. The market, estimated at $2 billion in 2025, is projected to expand at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $6 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors. The rise of e-commerce and the need for real-time data analysis are driving the adoption of proxy services for price comparison, market research, and competitive intelligence. Furthermore, the growing concerns surrounding online security and privacy are boosting the demand for secure and anonymous browsing solutions. The increasing sophistication of bot detection technologies is also prompting businesses to adopt more advanced proxy solutions to circumvent these measures and maintain access to online resources. Market segmentation reveals a strong preference for residential proxies due to their high level of anonymity and avoidance of IP blocking. However, data center proxies remain a significant portion of the market, particularly in applications requiring high speed and scalability. Competitive pressures among numerous providers, including Bright Data, Oxylabs, and Zyte, are driving innovation and price optimization. Despite this positive outlook, several challenges remain. The regulatory landscape surrounding data scraping and web scraping is becoming increasingly complex, posing a potential constraint on market growth. Moreover, the cost associated with maintaining and updating proxy infrastructure represents a significant barrier for some businesses. The market also faces the ongoing threat of proxy detection and mitigation techniques employed by websites, prompting continuous development and adaptation within the proxy software industry. Regions such as North America and Europe currently hold the largest market shares, owing to high technology adoption and strong demand across various sectors. However, growth opportunities are significant in developing economies, particularly in Asia-Pacific, as these regions experience increased internet penetration and digital transformation.

The global proxy server market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand for secure and private internet access, web scraping, and data analytics across various industries. The market size in 2025 is estimated at $5 billion, exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 15% from 2025 to 2033. This significant growth is fueled by several key factors. The rise of big data analytics and the need for efficient web scraping are major contributors, as businesses leverage proxy servers to gather data from various online sources while circumventing geographical restrictions and IP blocking. Furthermore, the escalating concerns surrounding online privacy and security are driving individuals and organizations to adopt proxy servers for enhanced anonymity and protection against cyber threats. The market segmentation shows strong demand from large enterprises and SMEs alike, with web-based solutions holding a larger market share due to their accessibility and ease of deployment. The growing adoption of cloud-based services further accelerates market expansion. Regional analysis reveals that North America currently holds the largest market share, driven by high technological advancements and a large number of established players in the region. However, the Asia-Pacific region is poised for substantial growth in the coming years, fueled by rapid digitalization and increasing internet penetration across emerging economies like India and China. Growth restraints include concerns about the potential misuse of proxy servers for malicious activities such as DDoS attacks and data breaches. Regulatory scrutiny and evolving cybersecurity protocols also pose challenges to market growth. Nevertheless, the overall market outlook remains positive, with continuous innovation in proxy server technology and increasing adoption across diverse sectors contributing to sustained expansion.

Available data formats for the Mobile Proxy Server Market Size, Share, Opportunities, and Trends Report By Type, Method, Protocol Type, and Geography – Forecasts from 2025 to 2030. report.

The residential proxy IP network market is experiencing robust growth, driven by increasing demand for data scraping, web automation, and online privacy solutions. Businesses across various sectors, including market research, e-commerce, and social media monitoring, rely on residential proxies to circumvent geo-restrictions, enhance data collection accuracy, and avoid IP blocking. The market's expansion is fueled by the rise of big data analytics, the growing need for real-time insights, and the increasing sophistication of anti-scraping technologies. While challenges exist, such as regulatory scrutiny regarding data privacy and the ethical considerations surrounding web scraping, the overall market outlook remains positive. Assuming a conservative CAGR of 15% (a common growth rate for technology sectors experiencing high demand) and a 2025 market size of $1.5 billion, the market is projected to reach approximately $3.5 billion by 2033. This growth is underpinned by the continuous development of more sophisticated proxy technologies and the expanding user base across different market segments like large enterprises and SMEs who are increasingly recognizing the value proposition of residential proxies. The segmentation of the market into services, software, and applications tailored for large enterprises and SMEs reflects the varied needs and technological capabilities of different user groups. Geographically, North America and Europe currently hold significant market shares due to higher adoption rates and established technological infrastructure. However, growth in Asia-Pacific and other emerging regions is expected to accelerate as internet penetration and digitalization increase. Competition is intense, with numerous providers vying for market share through technological innovation, pricing strategies, and the development of robust and reliable infrastructure. The market continues to evolve, with a clear emphasis on providing enhanced security, anonymity, and performance to address the increasing demands of a sophisticated user base.

The market for Proxy Server Software is poised for significant growth, with a market size of XXX million in 2025 and a projected CAGR of XX% from 2025 to 2033. Drivers of this growth include the rising demand for data privacy and security, the increasing adoption of cloud computing, and the expansion of e-commerce. Key trends in the Proxy Server Software market include the adoption of AI and machine learning to enhance security and performance, the development of specialized proxies for specific use cases, and the rise of managed proxy services. Restraints on market growth include the costs associated with deploying and managing proxy servers, concerns about data integrity, and the need for compliance with data protection regulations. The market is segmented by application, type, and region. Key players in the market include Psiphon, FoxyProxy, HMA VPN, Artica Proxy, Bright Data, Geosurf, Gimmie Proxy, Infatica, Limeproxies, NetNut, Nohodo, Oxylabs, ProxyBonanza, and ProxyCrawl. The global proxy server software market is projected to reach USD xxx million by 2026, growing at a CAGR of xx% from 2021 to 2026.

The results of a Top10VPN.com investigation into the privacy risks associated with 20 of the most popular Android proxy apps. The data table indicates which apps have high-risk permissions, share data with third-parties, share user IP addresses, contain location tracking code and which apps share data with Yandex or Bytedance.

Market Overview The global proxy software market is anticipated to experience substantial growth, with a CAGR of XX% over the forecast period 2025-2033. This growth can be attributed to the increasing adoption of cloud computing, the proliferation of mobile devices, and the rising concerns over data privacy and security. As of 2025, the market size is valued at XXX million, and this figure is projected to expand significantly over the coming years. Key Market Drivers and Restraints Major drivers of market growth include the growing demand for web scraping, data crawling, and online anonymity. Businesses are using proxy software to streamline data collection processes, while individuals are leveraging it to access geo-restricted content and improve online privacy. However, factors such as limited bandwidth for residential proxies and the potential for data breaches can pose restraints on market growth. Key market segments include residential and datacenter proxies, targeting large enterprises and SMEs. The North American and Asia Pacific regions are expected to dominate the market with significant contributions over the forecast period.

*Nov 2022 Update: Please note that it has come to the author's attention that there are a number of duplicate proxy records in this database. The precise number is yet to be determined but is on the order of about 50. Until this has been corrected please use this database carefully, paying attention for possible duplicates, or in an abundance of caution do not use the current version of this database.*

This collection of paleoclimate proxy data currently includes 2591 tree ring chronologies, 197 coral and sclerosponge records, 153 ice core isotope records, 26 speleothem isotope records, 10 lake sediment records, and 1 marine sediment record, for a total of 2,978 records. The proxy records have been collected with a focus on the past 2000 years.

This dataset has been collated through collaborative efforts with the Last Millennium Reanalysis project (Hakim et al. 2016) and provides the basis for the reconstructions presented in Steiger et al. (2018). Though the majority of data records are culled from PAGES2k Consortium (2017) and Breitenmoser et al. (2014), some data was taken from the NOAA NCEI’s World Data Center for Paleoclimatology archive. Additionally, data was solicited from multiple investigators such as Eric Steig, Stephanie Hayman, Sylke Draschba, Henning Kuhnert, Andy Baker, and others amounting to approximately 60 coral, ice core, speleothem, and lake sediment datasets, though all files in this archive can be freely shared. Datasets were selected whose resolution was at least 25 years, temporal duration was greater than 40 years, and consisted of proxies that had established proxy system models (forward models).

The data files are in Matlab format and the variables here include the proxy names (‘lmr2k_names’), the proxy data (‘lmr2k_data’), the proxy type (‘archive’), the proxy measurement (‘msrmt’), the proxy latitudes and longitudes (‘p_lat’ and ‘p_lon’), and the years of the proxies (‘year’). Seasonally resolved proxies have been averaged from April to the following calendar year March.

Updates will be made to this proxy collection as more proxy data become available.

Breitenmoser, P., et al. "Forward modelling of tree-ring width and comparison with a global network of tree-ring chronologies." Climate of the Past 10.2 (2014): 437.

PAGES2k Consortium. "A global multiproxy database for temperature reconstructions of the common era." Scientific Data 4, 170088 (2017).

Hakim, Gregory J., et al. "The last millennium climate reanalysis project: Framework and first results." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 121.12 (2016): 6745-6764.

Steiger, N. J. et al. "A reconstruction of global hydroclimate and dynamical variables over the Common Era." Scientific Data 5:180086 (2018).

This is the model output and proxy data for running the Holocene data assimilation.

The data assimilation code can be found by searching for "Holocene reconstruction code". Newer versions of the code may be found at https://github.com/Holocene-Reconstruction/Holocene-code. To read more about the Holocene data assimilation, see the paper Erb et al., 2022: "Reconstructing Holocene temperatures in time and space using paleoclimate data assimilation".

Once downloaded, unzip this holocene_da_data.zip file. It contains a variety of directories. Some are empty but are present to accommodate output generated by the data assimilation code mentioned above. Directories with data are:

models/original_model_data/TraCE_21ka/: TraCE-21ka temperature output from: https://www.earthsystemgrid.org/project/trace.html

models/original_model_data/HadCM3_transient21k/: HadCM3 temperature output (the spatially smoothed version, signified by "_s" at the end of the filename)

proxies/temp12k/ - Temperature 12k proxy records from: https://lipdverse.org/

This archived Paleoclimatology Study is available from the NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI), under the World Data Service (WDS) for Paleoclimatology. The associated NCEI study type is Climate Reconstruction. The data include parameters of reconstructions (air temperature) with a geographic location of Global. The time period coverage is from 16384 to -63 in calendar years before present (BP). See metadata information for parameter and study location details. Please cite this study when using the data.

Available data formats for the Proxy Servers Market Report Size, Share, Opportunities, and Trends Segmented By Type, Application, End-User, and Geography – Forecasts from 2025 to 2030 report.