Data for sequence comparison of commamox genomes and genes identified. This dataset is associated with the following publication: Camejo, P., J. Santodomingo, K. McMahon, and D. Noguera. Genome-enabled insights into the ecophysiology of the comammox bacterium Ca. Nitrospira nitrosa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 2(5): 1-16, (2017).

According to Cognitive Market Research, the Global Bioinformatics Services Market Size will be USD XX Billion in 2023 and is set to achieve a market size of USD XX Billion by the end of 2031 growing at a CAGR of XX% from 2024 to 2031.

• The global Bioinformatics services Market will expand significantly by XX% CAGR between 2024 and 2031.

• Based on technology, Because of the growing number of platform applications and the need for improved tools for drug development, the bioinformatics platforms segment dominated the market.

• In terms of service type, The sequencing services segment held the largest share and is anticipated to grow over the coming years

• Based on application, The genomic segment dominated the bioinformatics market

• Based on End-user, academic institutes and research centers segment hold the largest share.

• Based on speciality segment, The medical bioinformatics segment holds the large share and is anticipated to expand at a substantial CAGR during the forecast period.

• The North America region accounted for the highest market share in the Global Bioinformatics Services Market. CURRENT SCENARIO OF THE BIOINFORMATICS SERVICES

Driving Factors of the Bioinformatics Services Market

Expansive uses of bioinformatics across multiple sectors is propelling the market's growth.

Several industries, such as the food, bioremediation, agriculture, forensics, and consumer industries, are also using bioinformatics services to improve the quality of their products and supply chain processes. Companies in a variety of sectors are rapidly utilizing bioinformatics services such as data integration, manipulation, lead generation, data management, in silico analysis, and advanced knowledge discovery.

• Bioinformatics Approaches in Food Sciences

In order to meet the needs of food production, food processing, enhancing the quality and nutritional content of food sources, and many other areas, bioinformatics plays a significant role in forecasting and evaluating the intended and undesired impacts of microorganisms on food, genomes, and proteomics research. Furthermore, bioinformatics techniques can be applied to produce crops with high yields and resistance to disease, among other desirable qualities. Additionally, there are numerous databases with information about food, including its components, nutritional value, chemistry, and biology.

Genome Canada is proud to partner with five Institutes where there are five funding pools within this opportunity and Genome Canada is partnering on the Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Health Data Sciences pool. (Source:https://genomecanada.ca/genome-canada-partners-with-cihr-to-launch-health-research-training-platform-2024-25/)

• Bioinformatics in agriculture

Bioinformatics is becoming more and more crucial in the gathering, storing, and processing of genomic data in the field of agricultural genomics, or agri-genomics. Generally referred to as agri-informatics, some of the various applications of bioinformatics tools and methods in agriculture focus on improving plant resistance against biotic and abiotic stressors as well as enhancing the nutritional quality in depleted soils. Beyond these uses, computer software-assisted gene discovery has enabled researchers to create focused strategies for seed quality enhancement, incorporate extra micronutrients into plants for improved human health, and create plants with phytoremediation potential.

India/UK-based Agri-Genomics startup, Piatrika Biosystems has raised $1.2 Million in a seed round led by Ankur Capital. The company is bringing sustainable seeds and agri chemicals to market faster and cheaper. The investment will be used to build a strong Product Development team, also for more profound research, and to accelerate the productionising and commercialization of MVP. (Source:https://pressroom.icrisat.org/agri-genomics-startup-piatrika-biosystems-raises-12-million-in-seed-funding-led-by-ankur-capital)

This expansion in the application areas of bioinformatics services is likely to drive the overall market growth. Bioinformatics services such as data integration, manipulation, lead discovery, data management, in silico analysis, and advanced knowledge discovery are increasingly being adopted by companies across various industries.&...

The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that bioinformatics--a multidisciplinary field that combines biological knowledge with computer programming concerned with the acquisition, storage, analysis, and dissemination of biological data--has a fundamental role in scientific research strategies in all disciplines involved in fighting the virus and its variants. It aids in sequencing and annotating genomes and their observed mutations; analyzing gene and protein expression; simulation and modeling of DNA, RNA, proteins and biomolecular interactions; and mining of biological literature, among many other critical areas of research. Studies suggest that bioinformatics skills in the Latin American and Caribbean region are relatively incipient, and thus its scientific systems cannot take full advantage of the increasing availability of bioinformatic tools and data. This dataset is a catalog of bioinformatics software for researchers and professionals working in life sciences. It includes more than 300 different tools for varied uses, such as data analysis, visualization, repositories and databases, data storage services, scientific communication, marketplace and collaboration, and lab resource management. Most tools are available as web-based or desktop applications, while others are programming libraries. It also includes 10 suggested entries for other third-party repositories that could be of use.

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Bioinformatics Market Size 2025-2029

The bioinformatics market size is forecast to increase by USD 15.98 billion, at a CAGR of 17.4% between 2024 and 2029.

The market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the reduction in the cost of genetic sequencing and the development of advanced bioinformatics tools for Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies. These advancements enable faster and more accurate analysis of genomic data, leading to new discoveries and applications in various industries, including healthcare, agriculture, and research. However, the market faces a major challenge: the shortage of trained laboratory professionals capable of handling and interpreting the vast amounts of data generated by these technologies.
This skills gap poses a significant obstacle to the full realization of the potential of bioinformatics, necessitating strategic investments in workforce development and training programs. Companies seeking to capitalize on the opportunities presented by the market must address this challenge while continuing to innovate and develop sophisticated tools to meet the evolving needs of their customers.

What will be the Size of the Bioinformatics Market during the forecast period?

Explore in-depth regional segment analysis with market size data - historical 2019-2023 and forecasts 2025-2029 - in the full report.
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The market continues to evolve, driven by advancements in genome editing, data mining, and sequence alignment, among other techniques. Molecular modeling and high-throughput screening are essential tools in drug discovery, while bioimage analysis and gene ontology play a pivotal role in systems biology. Metabolomics data and phylogenetic analysis contribute to a deeper understanding of biological processes.

Machine learning and artificial intelligence are increasingly being integrated into bioinformatics pipelines, enabling more accurate predictions of protein structures, disease modeling, and biomarker discovery. Next-generation sequencing and transcriptomics profiling have revolutionized genomic variation studies, leading to a wealth of new insights. For instance, a recent study employing single-cell sequencing and deep learning identified over 60 distinct cell types in the human brain, expanding our knowledge of neurobiology.

The market is expected to grow at a robust rate, with industry experts projecting a 15% annual increase in demand for these advanced analytical solutions. Genome sequencing, epigenomics studies, RNA interference, and proteomics analysis are just a few more applications of bioinformatics, continually pushing the boundaries of scientific discovery. From gene expression to network analysis, the potential applications of bioinformatics are vast and ever-expanding.

How is this Bioinformatics Industry segmented?

The bioinformatics industry research report provides comprehensive data (region-wise segment analysis), with forecasts and estimates in 'USD million' for the period 2025-2029, as well as historical data from 2019-2023 for the following segments.

Application

  Molecular phylogenetics
  Transcriptomic
  Proteomics
  Metabolomics


Product

  Platforms
  Tools
  Services


End-user

  Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies
  CROs and research institutes
  Others


Geography

  North America

    US
    Canada
    Mexico


  Europe

    France
    Germany
    Italy
    UK


  APAC

    China
    India
    Japan


  Rest of World (ROW)

By Application Insights

The molecular phylogenetics segment is estimated to witness significant growth during the forecast period.

In the dynamic and innovative realm of bioinformatics, various techniques and tools are propelling research forward. Molecular phylogenetics, a branch of bioinformatics, is a prime example of this progress. This technique, which uses molecular data to explore evolutionary relationships among species, has significantly advanced our understanding of living organisms in fields such as drug discovery, disease diagnosis, and conservation biology.

For instance, molecular phylogenetics plays a pivotal role in studying viral evolution. By analyzing the molecular data of distinct virus strains, researchers can trace their evolution and uncover their origins and transmission patterns. Furthermore, industry growth in bioinformatics is anticipated to expand by approximately 15% annually, as per recent estimates, underscoring the market's continuous evolution and impact.

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The Molecular phylogenetics segment was valued at USD 4.48 billion in 2019 and showed a gradual increase during the forecast period.

Regional Analysis

North America is estimated to contribute 43% to the growth of the global market during the forecast period.Technavio’s analysts have elaborately explained the regional trends and drivers that shape the market during the for

The size of the Bioinformatics Platforms Market market was valued at USD 16.36 Million in 2023 and is projected to reach USD 27.93 Million by 2032, with an expected CAGR of 7.94% during the forecast period. The Bioinformatics Platforms Market includes the software and tools required to understand biological data that contain genomic, proteomic, or metabolic data. These platforms include support for various applications like drug discovery, individualized medicine, and clinically related diagnostics through helps of data integration, statistical analysis and visualization. Some of the emerging trends that are driving the bioinformatics market are cloud-based bioinformatics solutions to support scalability and collaboration, advanced machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to accurately analyze raised significance of multi-omics data integration for profound tumor bioinformatics analysis. Such factors pulling the market ahead include increasing volume of biological data in facets like research and clinical trials, evolving sequencing technologies, along with the increasing requirement for enhanced data management and analysis in genomics and proteomics. Further, the rising usage of bioinformatics for customized treatment and the growing number of research studies in genomics complement the market’s growth. Recent developments include: In June 2022, California's biotechnology research startup LatchBio launched an end-to-end bioinformatics platform for handling big biotech data to accelerate scientific discovery., In March 2022, ARUP launched Rio, a bioinformatics pipeline and analytics platform for better, faster next-generation sequencing test results.. Key drivers for this market are: Increasing Demand for Nucleic Acid and Protein Sequencing, Increasing Initiatives from Governments and Private Organizations; Accelerating Growth of Proteomics and Genomics; Increasing Research on Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery. Potential restraints include: Lack of Well-defined Standards and Common Data Formats for Integration of Data, Data Complexity Concerns and Lack of User-friendly Tools. Notable trends are: Sequence Analysis Platform Segment is Expected Hold a Significant Share Over the Forecast Period.

Leveraging prior viral genome sequencing data to make predictions on whether an unknown, emergent virus harbors a ‘phenotype-of-concern’ has been a long-sought goal of genomic epidemiology. A predictive phenotype model built from nucleotide-level information alone is challenging with respect to RNA viruses due to the ultra-high intra-sequence variance of their genomes, even within closely related clades. We developed a degenerate k-mer method to accommodate this high intra-sequence variation of RNA virus genomes for modeling frameworks. By leveraging a taxonomy-guided ‘group-shuffle-split’ cross validation paradigm on complete coronavirus assemblies from prior to October 2018, we trained multiple regularized logistic regression classifiers at the nucleotide k-mer level. We demonstrate the feasibility of this method by finding models accurately predicting withheld SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences as human pathogens and accurately predicting withheld Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome coronavirus (...

Over the past year, biology educators and staff at the U.S. Department of Energy Systems Biology Knowledgebase (KBase) initiated a collaborative effort to develop a curriculum for bioinformatics education. KBase is a free web-based platform where anyone can conduct sophisticated and reproducible bioinformatic analyses via a graphical user interface. Here, we demonstrate the utility of KBase as a platform for bioinformatics education, and present a set of modular, adaptable, and customizable instructional units for teaching concepts in Genomics, Metagenomics, Pangenomics, and Phylogenetics. Each module contains teaching resources, publicly available data, analysis tools, and Markdown capability, enabling instructors to modify the lesson as appropriate for their specific course. We present initial student survey data on the effectiveness of using KBase for teaching bioinformatic concepts, provide an example case study, and detail the utility of the platform from an instructor’s perspective. Even as in-person teaching returns, KBase will continue to work with instructors, supporting the development of new active learning curriculum modules. For anyone utilizing the platform, the growing KBase Educators Organization provides an educators network, accompanied by community-sourced guidelines, instructional templates, and peer support, for instructors wishing to use KBase within a classroom at any educational level–whether virtual or in-person.

The global biological software market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing adoption of advanced technologies in life sciences research and healthcare. The market, estimated at $2.5 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of approximately 12% from 2025 to 2033, reaching an estimated market value of $7 billion by 2033. This expansion is fueled by several key factors: the escalating demand for high-throughput data analysis in genomics and proteomics, the rising prevalence of chronic diseases necessitating advanced diagnostic tools, and the growing adoption of cloud-based solutions for enhanced collaboration and accessibility. Furthermore, the continuous development of sophisticated algorithms and user-friendly interfaces is making biological software more accessible to a wider range of researchers and clinicians. The segment encompassing experimental design and data analysis software holds a significant market share, reflecting the crucial role of computational tools in optimizing research workflows and extracting meaningful insights from complex biological datasets. North America currently dominates the market, owing to the robust presence of established biotechnology companies and a well-funded research infrastructure. However, Asia-Pacific is expected to witness significant growth in the coming years due to the expanding healthcare sector and increasing government investments in research and development. Market restraints include the high cost of software licenses, the requirement for specialized training to effectively utilize these tools, and the potential challenges associated with data security and integration across different platforms. Nevertheless, the ongoing innovation in software capabilities, coupled with the increasing adoption of subscription-based models and cloud-based solutions, is expected to mitigate these constraints. The competitive landscape is characterized by a mix of established players like Thermo Fisher Scientific and DNASTAR, along with smaller specialized companies offering niche solutions. This dynamic competitive environment fosters innovation and drives the development of advanced biological software solutions tailored to the specific needs of diverse research and clinical applications. Future growth will be influenced by factors such as advancements in artificial intelligence and machine learning within the software, integration with laboratory automation systems, and increasing collaboration between software providers and research institutions.

Introduction

Global AI In Bioinformatics Market size is expected to be worth around US$ 136.3 Million by 2033, from US$ 3.8 Million in 2023, growing at a CAGR of 42.9% during the forecast period from 2024 to 2033. In 2023, North America led the market, achieving over 46.5% share with a revenue of US$ 1.7 Million.

This growth is driven by increasing demand for bioinformatics, decreasing sequencing costs, and significant funding from both public and private sectors for bioinformatics research. Technological advancements and strategic collaborations among leading players, such as Thermo Fisher Scientific, Illumina Inc., and Qiagen, are further fueling market expansion. These collaborations often focus on developing or upgrading bioinformatics tools to efficiently manage biological data essential for gene therapy, drug discovery, and personalized medicine.

Recent developments highlight the market's dynamic growth, with investments accelerating genomic and proteomic data analysis. These advancements are critical for understanding disease mechanisms and identifying therapeutic strategies. AI-powered bioinformatics is revolutionizing the field by enhancing data analysis speed, facilitating discoveries of new disease pathways, and identifying potential therapeutic targets.

Despite its promising growth, the market faces challenges such as the lack of standardized data formats, the need for user-friendly tools, and the complexities of managing large biological datasets. However, with ongoing technological innovations and increased investments, these challenges are expected to be addressed, creating a robust environment for further market expansion.

The Bioinformatics Cloud Platform market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the increasing volume of biological data generated through next-generation sequencing and other high-throughput technologies. Researchers and pharmaceutical companies are increasingly relying on cloud-based solutions for data storage, analysis, and collaboration due to their scalability, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced computational power. The market, estimated at $2.5 billion in 2025, is projected to exhibit a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 20% from 2025 to 2033, reaching approximately $10 billion by 2033. This growth is fueled by several key trends including the rising adoption of cloud computing in life sciences, the development of sophisticated bioinformatics tools and algorithms accessible via cloud platforms, and the increasing need for collaborative research initiatives. The Software as a Service (SaaS) segment currently holds the largest market share, reflecting the preference for readily available and user-friendly applications. Key players such as Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform are actively expanding their bioinformatics offerings, driving competition and innovation within the market. The pharmaceutical and academic & research segments are major contributors to market demand, benefiting from the enhanced speed and efficiency offered by cloud-based solutions for drug discovery and genomic research. However, market growth is not without its challenges. Data security and privacy concerns remain significant restraints, particularly when dealing with sensitive patient information. High upfront investment costs for cloud infrastructure and the need for specialized expertise to effectively utilize these platforms can also impede wider adoption. Furthermore, integration challenges with legacy on-premise systems can pose a barrier to migration to cloud-based bioinformatics solutions. To overcome these hurdles, providers are focusing on enhanced security measures, user-friendly interfaces, and cost-effective pricing models to encourage broader market penetration. The future success of the Bioinformatics Cloud Platform market depends on addressing these challenges while continuing to innovate and improve the functionality and accessibility of these crucial tools for life science research and development.

Bioinformatics Market Outlook

According to our latest research, the global bioinformatics market size reached USD 16.2 billion in 2024, reflecting robust industry momentum. The market is exhibiting a healthy compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.1% and is projected to attain a value of USD 42.7 billion by 2033. This vigorous expansion is driven by the rapid integration of computational tools in life sciences, accelerating advancements in genomics, proteomics, and drug discovery. The increasing demand for personalized medicine and the surge in big data analytics within biological research are pivotal growth factors shaping the bioinformatics landscape.

One of the principal growth factors fueling the bioinformatics market is the explosive rise in genomics research, particularly in the context of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. The cost of sequencing has plummeted over the past decade, making large-scale genomic projects more accessible to both public and private sector entities. This democratization of sequencing technology has led to a significant influx of biological data, necessitating sophisticated bioinformatics tools for analysis, interpretation, and storage. The development of cloud-based bioinformatics platforms further enables researchers to manage and analyze vast datasets efficiently, fostering greater collaboration and innovation in genomics-driven healthcare, agriculture, and environmental sciences.

Another critical driver is the increasing adoption of bioinformatics in drug discovery and development. Pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies are leveraging bioinformatics solutions to accelerate target identification, drug candidate screening, and biomarker discovery. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning algorithms within bioinformatics workflows is enhancing the predictive accuracy of drug response models and facilitating the identification of novel therapeutic targets. This not only shortens the drug development lifecycle but also reduces costs and improves the likelihood of clinical success. As precision medicine gains traction, bioinformatics is becoming indispensable in tailoring treatments based on individual genetic profiles, further propelling market growth across the healthcare sector.

The expanding application of bioinformatics beyond human health is another significant growth factor. In agriculture, bioinformatics is instrumental in crop improvement, pest resistance, and livestock management through the analysis of genomic and phenotypic data. Environmental biotechnology also benefits from bioinformatics in monitoring biodiversity, tracking pathogen outbreaks, and assessing ecosystem health. Moreover, forensic biotechnology utilizes bioinformatics for DNA profiling and criminal investigations. These diverse applications underscore the versatility and critical importance of bioinformatics across multiple sectors, driving sustained investment and innovation in the market.

From a regional perspective, North America continues to dominate the global bioinformatics market, accounting for the largest revenue share in 2024. This leadership is attributed to the presence of major industry players, significant government funding for genomics research, and a well-established healthcare infrastructure. Europe follows closely, supported by strong academic research and collaborative initiatives such as the European Bioinformatics Institute. Meanwhile, the Asia Pacific region is witnessing the fastest growth, fueled by rising investments in life sciences, expanding biotechnology industries, and increasing adoption of digital health solutions. Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are also emerging as promising markets, albeit at a comparatively nascent stage, driven by growing awareness and infrastructural improvements.

Product & Service Analysis

The bioinformatics market by product & service is segmented into software, hardware, and services, each playing a pivotal role in driving the

The Bioinformatics Data Analysis Services market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the exponential increase in biological data generated through next-generation sequencing (NGS) and other high-throughput technologies. The market's expansion is fueled by the rising demand for personalized medicine, precision oncology, drug discovery, and agricultural biotechnology. Advancements in cloud computing and artificial intelligence (AI) are further accelerating the adoption of these services, enabling faster and more efficient analysis of complex datasets. Key players like Illumina, Thermo Fisher Scientific, and QIAGEN are strategically investing in R&D and acquisitions to strengthen their market positions and offer comprehensive solutions. The market is segmented based on service type (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics), application (e.g., drug discovery, diagnostics), and deployment mode (cloud-based, on-premise). Competitive landscape is characterized by both large established players and smaller specialized companies focusing on niche applications. While the market faces challenges such as data security concerns and the need for skilled bioinformaticians, the overall growth trajectory remains positive. Looking ahead to 2033, the market is projected to maintain a significant Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), fueled by continuous technological innovation and expanding applications. The increasing accessibility of bioinformatics tools and services, coupled with government initiatives promoting genomic research, will further propel market expansion. The integration of big data analytics and AI will play a critical role in unlocking valuable insights from complex biological datasets, leading to breakthroughs in various healthcare and research domains. Furthermore, strategic partnerships and collaborations between bioinformatics companies and research institutions will contribute to the market's continued growth. Despite potential restraints like regulatory hurdles and the high cost of advanced analytical tools, the long-term outlook for the Bioinformatics Data Analysis Services market remains highly promising.

Datasets, conda environments and Softwares for the course "Population Genomics" of Prof Kasper Munch. This course material is maintained by the health data science sandbox. This webpage shows the latest version of the course material.

1. Data.tar.gz Contains the datasets and executable files for some of the softwares
   You can unpack by simply doing
   tar -zxf Data.tar.gz -C ./
   This will create a folder called Data with the uncompressed material inside
2. Course_Env.packed.tar.gz Contains the conda environment used for the course. This needs to be unpacked to adjust all the prefixes (Note this environment is created on Ubuntu 22.10). You do this in the command line by
   1. creating the folder Course_Env: mkdir Course_Env
   2. untar the file: tar -zxf Course_Env.packed.tar.gz -C Course_Env
   3. Activate the environment: conda activate ./Course_Env
   4. Run the unpacking script (it can take quite some time to get it done): conda-unpack
3. Course_Env.unpacked.tar.gz The same environment as above, but will work only if untarred into the folder /usr/Material - so use the version above if you are using it in another folder. This file is mostly to execute the course in our own cloud environment.
4. environment_with_args.yml The file needed to generate the conda environment. Create and activate the environment with the following commands:
   1. conda env create -f environment_with_args.yml -p ./Course_Env
   2. conda activate ./Course_Env

The data is connected to the following repository: https://github.com/hds-sandbox/Popgen_course_aarhus. The original course material from Prof Kasper Munch is at https://github.com/kaspermunch/PopulationGenomicsCourse.

Description

The participants will after the course have detailed knowledge of the methods and applications required to perform a typical population genomic study.

The participants must at the end of the course be able to:

• Identify an experimental platform relevant to a population genomic analysis.
• Apply commonly used population genomic methods.
• Explain the theory behind common population genomic methods.
• Reflect on strengths and limitations of population genomic methods.
• Interpret and analyze results of population genomic inference.
• Formulate population genetics hypotheses based on data

The course introduces key concepts in population genomics from generation of population genetic data sets to the most common population genetic analyses and association studies. The first part of the course focuses on generation of population genetic data sets. The second part introduces the most common population genetic analyses and their theoretical background. Here topics include analysis of demography, population structure, recombination and selection. The last part of the course focus on applications of population genetic data sets for association studies in relation to human health.

Curriculum

The curriculum for each week is listed below. "Coop" refers to a set of lecture notes by Graham Coop that we will use throughout the course.

Course plan

1. Course intro and overview:
   • Coop chapters 1, 2, 3, Paper: Genome Diversity Project
2. Drift and the coalescent:
   • Coop chapter 4; Paper: Platypus
   • Exercise: Read mapping and base calling
3. Recombination:
   • Lecture: Review: Recombination in eukaryotes, Review: Recombination rate estimation
   • Exercise: Phasing and recombination rate
4. Population strucure and incomplete lineage sorting:
   • Lecture: Coop chapter 6, Review: Incomplete lineage sorting
   • Exercise: Working with VCF files
5. Hidden Markov models:
   • Lecture: Durbin chapter 3, Paper: population structure
   • Exercise: Inference of population structure and admixture
6. Ancestral recombination graphs:
   • Lecture: Paper: Approximating the ARG, Paper: Tree inference
   • Exercise: ARG dashboard exercises + Inference of trees along sequence
7. Past population demography:
   • Lecture: Coop chapter 4, Paper: PSMC, revisit Paper: Tree inference
   • Exercise: Inferring historical populations
8. Direct and linked selection:
   • Lecture: Coop chapters 12, 13, revisit Paper: Tree inference
9. Admixture:
   • Lecture: Review: Admixture, Paper: Admixture inference
   • Exercise: Detecting archaic ancestry in modern humans
10. Genome-wide association study (GWAS):
    • Lecture: Coop lecture notes 99-120
    • Exercise: GWAS quality control
11. Heritability:
    • Lecture: Coop Lecture notes Sec. 2.2 (p23-36) + Chap. 7 (p119-142)
    • Exercise: Association testing
12. Evolution and disease:
    • Lecture: Coop Lecture notes Sec. 11.0.1 (p217-221)
    • Exercise: Estimating heritability

Data for sequence comparison of commamox genomes and genes identified.

This dataset is associated with the following publication: Camejo, P., J. Santodomingo, K. McMahon, and D. Noguera. Genome-enabled insights into the ecophysiology of the comammox bacterium Ca. Nitrospira nitrosa. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, USA, 2(5): 1-16, (2017).

Bioinformatics, the application of computational tools to the management and analysis of biological data, has stimulated rapid research advances in genomics through the development of data archives such as GenBank, and similar progress is just beginning within ecology. One reason for the belated adoption of informatics approaches in ecology is the breadth of ecologically pertinent data (from genes to the biosphere) and its highly heterogeneous nature. The variety of formats, logical structures, and sampling methods in ecology create significant challenges. Cultural barriers further impede progress, especially for the creation and adoption of data standards. Here we describe informatics frameworks for ecology, from subject-specific data warehouses, to generic data collections that use detailed metadata descriptions and formal ontologies to catalog and cross-reference information. Combining these approaches with automated data integration techniques and scientific workflow systems will ma...

The bioinformatics software and services market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the exponential increase in biological data generated through advancements in genomics, proteomics, and other life sciences. The market's expansion is fueled by the rising need for efficient data analysis and interpretation to accelerate drug discovery, personalize medicine, and improve healthcare outcomes. Key drivers include the increasing adoption of cloud-based solutions, the development of sophisticated algorithms for complex data analysis, and the growing demand for precise diagnostics and targeted therapies. While the market is highly competitive, with established players like Cisco, IBM, and Microsoft alongside specialized companies such as Medtronic and Capsule Technologies, opportunities exist for innovative solutions that offer superior data integration, visualization, and analytical capabilities. The market is segmented by software type (e.g., sequence alignment, genome assembly, phylogenetic analysis), service type (e.g., data analysis, consulting, training), and end-user (e.g., pharmaceutical companies, research institutions, hospitals). We project a substantial market size with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) reflecting the significant investment in research and development within the life sciences sector and the expanding application of bioinformatics across various fields. The forecast period (2025-2033) shows continued market expansion, driven by factors such as the decreasing cost of genome sequencing, the growing adoption of big data analytics in healthcare, and increased government funding for biomedical research. However, challenges remain, including data security and privacy concerns, the need for skilled bioinformaticians, and the complexity of integrating diverse data sources. Successful companies will be those that can effectively address these challenges by providing secure, user-friendly, and scalable solutions that cater to the specific needs of various user segments. The North American and European markets currently hold significant shares, yet emerging economies are showing promising growth potential, presenting opportunities for expansion. This growth trajectory necessitates strategic partnerships, continuous innovation, and a strong focus on data management and analytics to remain competitive in this dynamic market.

The High-Performance Computing (HPC), data analysis, storage, and management market within the life sciences sector is experiencing robust growth, projected to reach $29.46 billion in 2025 and exhibiting a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 14.4% from 2025 to 2033. This expansion is driven by several key factors. Firstly, the increasing volume and complexity of biological data generated through genomics, proteomics, and other 'omics' research necessitates powerful HPC solutions for analysis and interpretation. Secondly, advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are accelerating drug discovery and development, demanding substantial computing power and sophisticated data management capabilities. Thirdly, the rising prevalence of chronic diseases and the increasing focus on personalized medicine further fuel the demand for advanced analytical tools and efficient data storage solutions. Major players like Dell Technologies, AMD, Cray, Cisco, IBM, Intel, Lenovo, and Hewlett Packard are actively competing in this space, constantly innovating to meet the evolving needs of life science researchers and organizations. The market segmentation is likely diverse, encompassing various software and hardware solutions. While specific segment breakdowns are unavailable, it's reasonable to anticipate strong growth in cloud-based HPC solutions, given the scalability and cost-effectiveness they offer. Similarly, specialized data storage solutions designed for handling massive biological datasets, along with advanced analytics platforms incorporating AI/ML capabilities, are expected to be high-growth segments. Geographic distribution is likely uneven, with North America and Europe initially dominating due to the concentration of major pharmaceutical companies and research institutions. However, growth in Asia-Pacific is anticipated to accelerate in the coming years due to increasing investments in life sciences research and infrastructure in that region. Restraints to growth could include the high initial investment costs associated with HPC infrastructure and the need for specialized expertise in managing and analyzing complex datasets. However, the substantial returns on investment in terms of accelerated drug discovery and improved patient outcomes will likely outweigh these challenges, ensuring continued market expansion.

The digital biology market is experiencing significant growth, driven by the convergence of biology and computational technologies. Between 2019 and 2024, the market likely exhibited a robust Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), let's assume a conservative estimate of 15% based on industry trends in related sectors like bioinformatics and drug discovery. This growth is fueled by several key factors. Firstly, advancements in high-throughput sequencing, genomics, and proteomics are generating massive datasets that require sophisticated computational tools for analysis and interpretation. Secondly, the increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in drug discovery and development is accelerating the identification and validation of drug targets, leading to faster and more efficient development cycles. Furthermore, the rising prevalence of chronic diseases globally is further driving demand for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic solutions enabled by digital biology tools. Companies like DUNA Bioinformatics, Precigen, Dassault Systèmes, Genedata AG, and Simulations Plus are at the forefront of this innovation, developing and deploying cutting-edge software and platforms. The market is segmented by application (drug discovery, diagnostics, personalized medicine, etc.), technology (AI/ML, big data analytics, simulation software), and end-user (pharmaceutical companies, biotech firms, research institutions). Looking ahead to 2033, the digital biology market is poised for continued expansion. While predicting precise figures is challenging without complete data, assuming a slightly moderated but still robust CAGR of 12% from 2025 to 2033, based on the anticipated maturation of some technologies and potential market saturation in certain segments, presents a reasonable forecast. This growth will be influenced by ongoing technological advancements, increasing investments in research and development, and expanding collaborations between technology providers and life science companies. However, challenges remain, including the high cost of implementing digital biology solutions, the need for robust data security and privacy protocols, and the complexity of integrating diverse data sources. Nevertheless, the long-term outlook for the digital biology market remains exceptionally positive, promising transformative advancements in healthcare and other related fields.

Pre-print of my article describing how git can be used to improve science.

The global bioinformatics market is expected to rise from USD 18.7 billion in 2025 to around USD 58.1 billion by 2035, reflecting a CAGR of 12% during the forecast period. The market is undergoing substantial transformation driven by advancements in next-generation sequencing, AI-powered analytics, and rapid data generation from genomics and proteomics.

Exploring Top Countries Driving Innovation, Adoption, and Delivery of Bioinformatics Solutions